Spread Spectrum Clocking

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https://www.microsemi.com/.../doc_view/135439-white-paper-spread-spectrum-clocking
Spread Spectrum Clocking Introduction Spread spectrum clocking is a technique used in electronics design to intentionally modulate the ideal position of the clock edge such that the resulting signal’s spectrum is “spread”, around the ideal frequency of the clock. …
https://www.ti.com/lit/an/scaa103/scaa103.pdf
Spread spectrum clocking (SSC) is a special way to reduce the radiated emissions of digital clock signals. SSC is the variation of the frequency of a clock signal in a controlled …
PCIe QuickLearn | Spread-Spectrum Clocking
Using spread spectrum clocking to reduce EMI
PCIe QuickLearn | Spread-Spectrum Clocking
Reducing EMI in SerDes PHYs using Spread Spectrum Clocking | Synopsys
Spread Spectrum Technique -- Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
https://www.renesas.com/.../application-specific-clocks/spread-spectrum-clocks
Перевести · Spread spectrum clocking is a technique where the clock frequency is modulated slightly to lower the peak energy generated by a clock. Spread spectrum …
https://www.edn.com/spread-spectrum-clocking-in-pci-express
Перевести · What was the point of all of this spread-spectrum clocking? To spread the energy out over a spectrum of frequencies, so that no peak would poke up above the EMC limit …
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_spectrum
Spread-spectrum clock generation (SSCG) is used in some synchronous digital systems, especially those containing microprocessors, to reduce the spectral density of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) that these systems generate. A synchronous digital system is one that is driven by a clock signaland, because of its periodic nature, has an unavoidably narrow frequency spectrum. In fact, a perfect clock signal would have all its …
Spread-spectrum clock generation (SSCG) is used in some synchronous digital systems, especially those containing microprocessors, to reduce the spectral density of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) that these systems generate. A synchronous digital system is one that is driven by a clock signal and, because of its periodic nature, has an unavoidably narrow frequency spectrum. In fact, a perfect clock signal would have all its energy concentrated at a single frequency (the desired clock frequency) and its harmonics. Practical synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy on a number of narrow bands spread on the clock frequency and its harmonics, resulting in a frequency spectrum that, at certain frequencies, can exceed the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference (e.g. those of the FCC in the United States, JEITA in Japan and the IEC in Europe).

Spread-spectrum clocking avoids this problem by using one of the methods previously described to reduce the peak radiated energy and, therefore, its electromagnetic emissions and so comply with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations.

It has become a popular technique to gain regulatory approval because it requires only simple equipment modification. It is even more popular in portable electronics devices because of faster clock speeds and increasing integration of high-resolution LCD displays into ever smaller devices. As these devices are designed to be lightweight and inexpensive, traditional passive, electronic measures to reduce EMI, such as capacitors or metal shielding, are not viable. Active EMI reduction techniques such as spread-spectrum clocking are needed in these cases.

However, spread-spectrum clocking, like other kinds of dynamic frequency change, can also create challenges for designers. Principal among these is clock/data misalignment, or clock skew. Consequently, an ability to disable spread-spectrum clocking in computer systems is considered useful.

Note that this method does not reduce total radiated energy, and therefore systems are not necessarily less likely to cause interference. Spreading energy over a larger bandwidth effectively reduces electrical and magnetic readings within narrow bandwidths. Typical measuring receivers used by EMC testing laboratories divide the electromagnetic spectrum into frequency bands approximately 120 kHz wide. If the system under test were to radiate all its energy in a narrow bandwidth, it would register a large peak. Distributing this same energy into a larger bandwidth prevents systems from putting enough energy into any one narrowband to exceed the statutory limits. The usefulness of this method as a means to reduce real-life interference problems is often debated, as it is perceived that spread-spectrum clocking hides rather than resolves higher radiated energy issues by simple exploitation of loopholes in EMC legislation or certification procedures. This situation results in electronic equipment sensitive to narrow bandwidth(s) experiencing much less interference, while those with broadband sensitivity, or even operated at other higher frequencies (such as a radio receiver tuned to a different station), will experience more interference.

FCC certification testing is often completed with the spread-spectrum function enabled in order to reduce the measured emissions to within acceptable legal limits. However, the spread-spectrum functionality may be disabled by the user in some cases. As an example, in the area of personal computers, some BIOS writers include the ability to disable spread-spectrum clock generation as a user setting, thereby defeating the object of the EMI regulations. This might be considered a loophole, but is generally overlooked as long as spread-spectrum is enabled by default.
What are the different types of spread spectrum clock?
What are the different types of spread spectrum clock?
The Renesas spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) products support two different types of spread spectrum clocking: down spread and center spread. Down spread spectrum clocking modulates below the nominal clock frequency while center spread spectrum clocking modulates evenly above and below the nominal clock frequency.
www.renesas.com/us/en/products/clocks …
Spread spectrum clocking is commonly used for microprocessor clocks and USB and PCI-Express reference clocks to reduce EMI. How Spread Spectrum Works Figure 1 shows the spectrum of a 100MHz square wave clock signal generated by a Micosemi ZL30251 clock synthesizer. This plot shows a narrow band of the spectrum, 2.5MHz above and
www.microsemi.com/document-portal/doc…
What is spread spectrum clocking (SSC)?
What is spread spectrum clocking (SSC)?
Many hardware devices that put out enough electromagnetic interference, or EMI, to interfere with the reception of TVs and radios have a feature known as spread spectrum clocking (SSC). However, SSC is not well understood by many people. It is usually disabled by default.
superuser.com/questions/343069/should-i …
Can a digital regulator be used for spread spectrum clocking?
Can a digital regulator be used for spread spectrum clocking?
In conventional switching regulators using analog control it is very di・ツult to realize complex spread-spectrum clocking, however this paper shows that it is relatively easy to implement spread-spectrum EMI- reduction using digital control. The proposed algorithm was veri・‘d using a power converter simulator (SCAT).
kobaweb.ei.st.gunma-u.ac.jp/news/pdf/EM…
https://kobaweb.ei.st.gunma-u.ac.jp/news/pdf/EMI.pdf
Spread-spectrum clock modulation can be used to min- imize EMI. In conventional switching regulators using analog control it is very di・ツult to realize complex spread …
https://www.techarp.com/bios-guide/pcie-spread-spectrum/?amp=1
Перевести · Spread spectrum clocking works by continuously modulating the clock signal around a particular frequency. This “ spreads out ” the power …
https://softboard.ru/topic/15753-spread-spectrum-clocking
spread spectrum - это технология передачи сигналов в канале, чья частотная ширина значительно превышает частотный диапазон передаваемой информации, и …
https://superuser.com/questions/343069
Перевести · WD SATA drives are shipped from the factory either with or without a jumper shunt in the spread spectrum clocking (SSC) enable/disable position (on pins 1 and 2). It …
Many hardware devices that put out enough electromagnetic interference, or EMI, to interfere with the reception of TVs and radios have a feature kn...
I would leave it as it came to me, unless I had special needs, then I would change it. I do not believe that in this situation that any speed diff...
It really depends if you need to use it or not. If you will be using sensitive equipment such as in a lab with the computer then you should use the...
"Spread spectrum clocking" (SSC) lets a SATA-III (default 6 Gb/s) HDD be recognized by a SATA-I (1.5 Gb/s-only) computer.
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Spread Spectrum Clocking and Clock Generators (SSCG)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a major challenge for designers of electronic devices. Strict guidelines enforced by the FCC and European Union regulate the amount of EMI a system can generate. Frequency references, whether crystal oscillators or silicon-based PLLs, can be a major source of EMI on circuit boards. Spread spectrum clocking is a technique where the clock frequency is modulated slightly to lower the peak energy generated by a clock. Spread spectrum clocking lowers clock-generated EMI from both the fundamental frequency and subsequent harmonics, thereby reducing the total system EMI.
Renesas has a proprietary mix of analog and digital phase-locked loop (PLL) technologies that are the basis of an extensive portfolio of flexible spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) products. The Renesas spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) products support two different types of spread spectrum clocking: down spread and center spread. Down spread spectrum clocking modulates below the nominal clock frequency while center spread spectrum clocking modulates evenly above and below the nominal clock frequency. The type of spread spectrum clocking used depends on the specifications of the clock destination. Some destination chipsets, CPUs, etc., have a maximum clock frequency specification that cannot be violated. In these cases, down spread spectrum clocking should be applied.
The Renesas spread spectrum clock generator portfolio has products supporting crystal or clock reference inputs. For systems requiring spread spectrum clock injection on clock reference inputs, Renesas' high-performance PLL technology maintains good phase noise and high performance while reducing EMI. By using the Renesas spread spectrum clock technology, customers maintain high performance while saving cost and design time on expensive shielding, chokes and ferrite beads.
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