Spread Of Infection

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Germs are a part of everyday life and are found in our air, soil, water, and in and on our bodies. Some germs are helpful, others are harmful. Many germs live in and on our bodies without causing harm and some even help us to stay healthy. Only a small portion of germs are known to cause infection.
An infection occurs when germs enter the body, increase in number, and cause a reaction of the body.
Three things are necessary for an infection to occur:
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A Source is an infectious agent or germ and refers to a virus, bacteria, or other microbe.
In healthcare settings, germs are found in many places. People are one source of germs including:
People can be sick with symptoms of an infection or colonized with germs (not have symptoms of an infection but able to pass the germs to others).
Germs are also found in the healthcare environment. Examples of environmental sources of germs include:
A susceptible person is someone who is not vaccinated or otherwise immune, or a person with a weakened immune system who has a way for the germs to enter the body. For an infection to occur, germs must enter a susceptible person’s body and invade tissues, multiply, and cause a reaction.
Devices like IV catheters and surgical incisions can provide an entryway, whereas a healthy immune system helps fight infection.
When patients are sick and receive medical treatment in healthcare facilities, the following factors can increase their susceptibility to infection.
Recognizing the factors that increase patients’ susceptibility to infection allows providers to recognize risks and perform basic infection prevention measures to prevent infection from occurring.
Transmission refers to the way germs are moved to the susceptible person.
Germs don’t move themselves. Germs depend on people, the environment, and/or medical equipment to move in healthcare settings.
There are a few general ways that germs travel in healthcare settings – through contact (i.e., touching), sprays and splashes, inhalation, and sharps injuries (i.e., when someone is accidentally stuck with a used needle or sharp instrument).
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Before you can reduce your risk of contracting infections it is vital to know how they can spread.
An infection is caused by bacteria and viruses, that wouldn’t normally be present in the body, invading the body. These bacteria and viruses are found in the environment (air, soil, water) as well as on and in humans, from body secretions and in the little tiny droplets that are formed from sneezing, coughing and breathing. Infections can be spread through these 5 different ways:
Infections, especially skin contagions, are spread by direct physical contact. Direct contact means that infections are passed on from one person to another when their bodies touch.
Infections like ringworm are spread when children play together and the infected area of a child is touched by another. Other infections like chickenpox, cold sores and HIV can be passed on by kissing, touching and sexual intercourse.
Colds, strep throat etc. are caused by germs found in saliva and excretions of the nose. Sneezing, runny noses, coughing or other droplets of secretions can be ways of spreading germs. These germs can land in a person’s mouth, eye or nose and can also be inhaled.
Young children experience colds and other non-major viruses, such as those in eyes, nose and throat, more frequently than adults. Following thorough infection control practices with children is very important because the respiratory viruses in the throat and nose of children can be in them for days before they start to show any symptoms of illness.
People can also be infected by contaminated items like bed sheets, toys, even water and food. Because of this it is very crucial that all these objects are correctly disinfected and cleaned, and all food/water are coming from approved places.
The germs that cause diarrhoea are found in faeces. Water, hands, food, surfaces and objects can be contaminated by bad personal hygiene. Why intestinal contaigons are so easily spread is because some germs can live on objects and surfaces for prolonged periods of time. The most effective way of preventing the spread of these germs is by correct hand washing.
Skin acts as a barrier to prevent contact with blood. However, when skin is broken infections can spread by blood to blood direct contact or direct contact with the eyes or mouth. The smallest amount of blood can cause infections, so it is important that whenever any blood or blood like bodily fluids are seen, gloves should be worn during the cleaning process.
There are several ways to reduce the risk of spreading infections:
Most infections can be treated fairly easily but it’s better to be safe than sorry!
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