Spread Of Infection
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Spread Of Infection
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Germs can enter the body through the:
Some infections can be spread in several different ways.
There are other ways of describing how germs are spread that are commonly used. Germs can be spread through sexual contact , which is usually through semen and vaginal secretions (body fluids), but can also occur through contact with mucus membranes. Germs can spread through food or water . Many but not all the germs spread in this way are through contact with faeces and then with the mouth (faeco-oral). Germs can also spread from a mother to her unborn child , usually though blood (body fluids) but also through contact with skin or mucous membranes during delivery.
Some infections are spread when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes small droplets containing infectious agents into the air. Due to their size, these droplets in the air travel only a short distance (around a metre) from the infected person before falling. The droplets in the air may be breathed in by those nearby. Spread can also occur by touching the nose or mouth with droplet contaminated hands.
Examples of droplet spread diseases:
Some infections are spread when an infected person talks, breathes, coughs or sneezes tiny particles containing infectious agents into the air. These are called small particle aerosols. Due to their tiny size, small particle aerosols can travel long distances on air currents and remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours. These small particle aerosols may be breathed in by another person.
Examples of airborne spread diseases:
Some infections are spread when microscopic amounts of faeces (poo) from an infected person with symptoms or an infected person without symptoms (a carrier) are taken in by another person by mouth. The faeces may be passed:
Examples of diseases spread from faeces:
Some infections are spread directly when skin or mucous membrane (the thin moist lining of many parts of the body such as the nose, mouth, throat and genitals) comes into contact with the skin or mucous membrane of another person. Infections are spread indirectly when skin or mucous membrane comes in contact with contaminated objects or surfaces.
Examples of diseases spread by skin or mucous membrane contact:
Some infections are spread when blood or other body fluids (for example for example, urine, saliva, breastmilk, semen and vaginal secretions) from an infected person comes into contact with:
Examples of diseases spread through blood or other body fluids:
These infections are most commonly transmitted by sexual contact. Sexual contact means:
Examples of sexually transmitted infections:
These diseases result from ingestion of water or a wide variety of foods contaminated with disease-causing germs or their toxins. Often these infections are also spread by the faecal-oral route.
Examples of food or waterborne diseases:
Some infections can be spread through the placenta from a mother to her unborn child or during delivery, or both.
Examples of diseases spread from a mother to child in this way:
Some infectious diseases are almost never spread by contact with an infected person. These diseases are usually spread by contact with an environmental source such as animals, insects, water or soil.
Examples of diseases spread by contact with animals :
Examples of diseases spread by insects, and in the examples listed below, specifically by mosquitoes:
Examples of diseases spread by contact with water or soil :
You can search through to find related information.
Infectious diseases in children and adults - description, treatment, prevention, symptoms, notification and control in South Australia
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SA Health: Your official portal to public health services, hospitals, health information and health careers in South Australia
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Before you can reduce your risk of contracting infections it is vital to know how they can spread.
An infection is caused by bacteria and viruses, that wouldn’t normally be present in the body, invading the body. These bacteria and viruses are found in the environment (air, soil, water) as well as on and in humans, from body secretions and in the little tiny droplets that are formed from sneezing, coughing and breathing. Infections can be spread through these 5 different ways:
Infections, especially skin contagions, are spread by direct physical contact. Direct contact means that infections are passed on from one person to another when their bodies touch.
Infections like ringworm are spread when children play together and the infected area of a child is touched by another. Other infections like chickenpox, cold sores and HIV can be passed on by kissing, touching and sexual intercourse.
Colds, strep throat etc. are caused by germs found in saliva and excretions of the nose. Sneezing, runny noses, coughing or other droplets of secretions can be ways of spreading germs. These germs can land in a person’s mouth, eye or nose and can also be inhaled.
Young children experience colds and other non-major viruses, such as those in eyes, nose and throat, more frequently than adults. Following thorough infection control practices with children is very important because the respiratory viruses in the throat and nose of children can be in them for days before they start to show any symptoms of illness.
People can also be infected by contaminated items like bed sheets, toys, even water and food. Because of this it is very crucial that all these objects are correctly disinfected and cleaned, and all food/water are coming from approved places.
The germs that cause diarrhoea are found in faeces. Water, hands, food, surfaces and objects can be contaminated by bad personal hygiene. Why intestinal contaigons are so easily spread is because some germs can live on objects and surfaces for prolonged periods of time. The most effective way of preventing the spread of these germs is by correct hand washing .
Skin acts as a barrier to prevent contact with blood. However, when skin is broken infections can spread by blood to blood direct contact or direct contact with the eyes or mouth. The smallest amount of blood can cause infections, so it is important that whenever any blood or blood like bodily fluids are seen, gloves should be worn during the cleaning process.
There are several ways to reduce the risk of spreading infections:
Most infections can be treated fairly easily but it’s better to be safe than sorry!
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