Spread Irregular

Spread Irregular




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Spread Irregular

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spread verb conjugation to all tenses, modes and persons. Search the definition and the translation in context for “ spread ”, with examples of use extracted from real-life communication. Similar English verbs: cast , proofread , broadcast



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Other forms:
spread oneself / not spread


Other forms:
spread oneself / not spread




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Spinner-Disc Spreader Field Execution Manual—Part 2
Trey Colley, John Fulton, Dewey Mann and Kaylee Port
This publication is the second of a three-part series on spinner-disc spreader operation. This series provides insights into proper operation, calibration, and spread uniformity assessments of commonly used spinner-disc spreaders.
Spinner-disc spreader applications need to be as uniform and accurate as possible to minimize spread variation during field operation. In order to achieve expected application accuracy with spinner-disc spreaders, proper calibration, set-up, and spread pattern correction is required. This publication focuses on how to assess spread pattern uniformity and deal with irregular patterns and correct them. Figure 1 illustrates that calibration, maintenance, and set up of spreaders are important components in preparing the application equipment for accurate fertilizer application. After conducting a standard pan test, refer to this document for correcting spread patterns to achieve a uniform application rate. 
All three of these components control the means by which product is distributed onto fields or pastures thereby impacting the actual uniformity of spread:
For this document, the following terminology for spreader components will be used (Figure 2):
Figure 2: Rear view of a typical spinner-disc spreader
with components identified.
The following are a list of steps for spreader calibration and set-up:
See Part 1 of this three-part series for more information on calibration of metering devices, as well as standard pan testing procedures. Part 3 provides definitions for terminology used in this series as well as important operational tips and considerations.
After collection, material from each pan is then poured into its corresponding test tube in the rack, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The amount of material in the test tubes (approximately 100 ml size tubes) provides a quick, visible evaluation of the spread pattern. Make sure to weigh the fertilizer from each pan so that an accurate spread pattern can be assessed. If a test tube rack is not available, this concept can also be shown graphically in Excel or a similar spreadsheet package (Figure 5).
After collecting and weighing the samples for each pan, the associated application rates can be calculated using the formula below:
Sample Application Rate Calculation:
If 4 grams of material are collected in a 1’ x 1’ collection pan: 
Step 1: Calculate effective area of the collection pan and weigh material
collection pan area = 1 ft x 1 ft = 1 ft 2            mass of material = 4 grams
Step 2: Divide mass of material by collection pan area and convert to a rate (lb/acre)
1 lb = 453.59 grams                                        1 acre = 43,560 ft 2
After converting the amount of material into an application rate, distribution patterns can be plotted and reviewed to evaluate spread uniformity (Figure 5). If the spread pattern is symmetrical across the swath, and the proper swath width is used, the material will be deposited uniformly across the field. The effective swath width can be determined using the spread pattern. More information is provided below on typical swath patterns and correcting irregular patterns. 
Figure 5: This image displays collected materials from both the primary swath (scarlet) and the neighboring, overlapping swaths (gray). This is a typical pattern one might expect from a double spinner-disc fertilizer spreader. This pattern is considered desirable as it mirrors a flat top pattern (Figure 6).
Spread patterns for a dual spinner-disc, dry fertilizer applicator can be classified into six different types (Figure 6). The flat top, oval, and pyramid patterns (Figure 6a) are acceptable patterns. Pyramid patterns are acceptable, but require double the number of passes to achieve uniformity. All of these patterns ensure field-scale uniformity and eliminate “streaking” across a field patterns if using the correct swath spacing. Figure 6b represents poor spread patterns that can occur with spinner-disc spreaders. Common undesirable spread patterns are the M, W, and skewed (or lopsided) patterns. If one of these unsatisfactory spread patterns are found during pan testing, then adjustment of spreader settings is required.
If an undesirable spread pattern is measured, the next step is to adjust the spreader setup to obtain a uniform spread. Adjustments should be performed one at a time , and pan tests conducted after every adjustment to ensure the effect on the spread pattern is known. Make sure the spreader has been properly maintained and any worn parts replaced; especially check spinner disc and blade wear. 
Spreader adjustments differ between spinner-disc spreader manufacturers so make sure you have thoroughly reviewed the operator’s manual and understand the possible settings to adjust in order to change the spread pattern. The following outlines adjustments to three types of spinner-disc spreaders, commonly used in the United States, using different methods to modify the spread pattern. It is crucial to understand which type of adjustment method your spreader uses.
TYPE 1: Move divider assembly relative to spinner discs.
TYPE 2: Move spinner discs (fan frame) while divider remains fixed (e.g. New Leader).
TYPE 3: Adjust deflectors on divider or spinner-disc speed (e.g. GVM).
After determining the method of adjustment, various iterations of spread pattern adjustments can be made until the desired level of uniformity is reached. Below are suggested machine setting changes that can be made to correct non-uniform patterns. Remember to consult the operator’s manual for brand specific adjustments.
TYPE 1: Move flow divider assembly relative to spinner-discs (fan frame).
M-pattern Adjustments
If an M-Pattern is identified through pan testing, improvements can be made by making one or more of the following adjustments:
W-pattern Adjustments
If a W-pattern is identified through pan testing, improvements can be made by making one or more of the following adjustments:
After correcting the reason for heavy deposition of product directly behind the applicator, the ‘W’ pattern will become an M-pattern. Then, revert back to the section on M-pattern adjustment for more information on how to adjust the M-pattern into a desirable application pattern.
Skewed Pattern Adjustments
If a skewed pattern is identified through pan testing, improvements can be made by making one or more of the following adjustments:
TYPE 2: Move spinner discs (fan frame) while divider remains fixed (e.g. New Leader).
M-pattern Adjustments
If an M-pattern is identified through pan testing, improvements can be made by making one or more of the following adjustments:
W-pattern Adjustments
If a W-pattern is identified through pan testing, improvements can be made by making one or more of the following adjustments:
After correcting the reason for heavy deposition of product directly behind the applicator, the ‘W’ pattern will become an M-pattern. Then, revert back to the section on M-pattern adjustment for more information on how to adjust the M-pattern into a desirable application pattern.
Skewed Pattern Adjustments
If a skewed pattern is identified through pan testing, improvements can be made by making one or more of the following adjustments:
TYPE 3: Adjust deflectors in flow divider or spinner-disc speed (e.g. GVM).
These type of spreaders allow for adjustment of (1) the deflectors altering drop location onto the spinner-discs or (2) spinner disc speed (courtesy of GVM).
For single spinner-disc spreaders that exhibit a skewed type of pattern to the right (referenced from rear of the spreader), see the adjustment tips below. Reverse direction of adjustments if experiencing a left skewed pattern. These adjustments allow for material to ride the spinner longer and deposit more material to the left side of the swath:
Figure 9: Adjustments 1–3 for a right skewed distribution pattern (reverse for left skewed pattern) on a single spinner fertilizer applicator (image is for spinners that rotate counter-clockwise).
See continued discussion on spreader operational tips, terms, and definitions in the final part of this three-part series “ Proper Spinner-Disc Spreader Operation, Terms and Definitions .”
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Glen Arnold, State Field Specialist, OSU Extension; Sam Custer, Extension Educator (ANR)–Darke County, OH; Craig Fenstermaker, New Leader Product Manager, Highway Equipment Company; Larry Hoover, Engineering Manager, GVM Inc.; Dr. John Long–Extension Ag Engineer, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University; Dr. Brian Luck–Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Dr. Gary Roberson–Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University; Dr. Erdal Ozkan–Professor and Extension Specialist, Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University; and Eric Richer, Extension Educator (ANR)–Fulton County, OH, for their reviews and assistance in this publication.
References 
ASABE S341.4 (2015). Procedure for Measuring Distribution Uniformity and Calibrating Granular Broadcast Spreaders.
Fulton, J. P., & Ogburn, C. (2010). Calibrating Dry Broadcast Fertilizer Applicators. Alabama Cooperative Extension System , ANR - 0724 , 1–4.
International Organization for Standardization. (1984). International Standard ISO 5690/2–1984 . Switzerland. 
To print a fact sheet, use the "Print" command in your browser. You may then either print the fact sheet or save it as a PDF. Best printed in Google Chrome.
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This site designed and maintained by CFAES Marketing and Communications . For technical support please contact the CFAES Helpdesk .
CFAES provides research and related educational programs to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. For more information, visit cfaesdiversity.osu.edu. For an accessible format of this publication, visit cfaes.osu.edu/accessibility.
Copyright © 2018, The Ohio State University
Figure 1: Parameters that impact
accurate spreading of fertilizers.
Figure 3: Test tubes help visually assist operator in identifying spread pattern.
Figure 4: Test tube visualization of swath width
(CL = Center line).
Figure 6: Commonly observed spread patterns. Patterns presented in column (a) are acceptable while patterns in column (b) require an adjustment or spreader maintenance to be acceptable and provide uniform spread. Adapted from ACES (Fulton & Ogburn, 2010) .
Figure 7: Dual spinner-disc fertilizer spreader Type 1 adjustment recommendations (a) and (b) for corrections of an observed M-pattern.
Figure 8: Dual spinner-disc fertilizer spreader Type 2 adjustment recommendations (a) and (b) for corrections of an observed M-pattern.


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Sarnie with no spread? Good thinking


Let down, as dipped into irregularly


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Home >
Verbos > Verbos Irregulares >
El Verbo irregular "to spread" en Inglés
Clouds spread over the state of Nebraska Las nubes se extienden por el estado de Nebraska
The professor spread butter on his toast El profesor extendió mantequilla en su tostada
Here is how you spread your fingers to play piano Así es cómo usted tiene que separar sus dedos para tocar el piano
The volcano spreads ashes all over the island El volcán se extiende cenizas por toda la isla
My sister is spreading false rumors about me Mi hermana se está propagando rumores falsos sobre mí
The illness has spread among the students La enfermedad se ha extendido entre los estudiantes
Word spread quickly around town La voz se corrió rápidamente por la ciudad
The news about Justin Timberlake will spread quickly Las noticias acerca de Justin Timberlake se propagarán rápidamente
Spread the tablecloth before laying out the dishes Extienda el mantel antes de colocar los platos
Temas relacionados: Tiempos Verbales
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