Sperm Motility

Sperm Motility



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Sperm Motility
Home Getting Pregnant Infertility Sperm Motility – How Does it Affect Fertility

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After hearing about accidental pregnancies from your friends, it is only normal to assume that getting pregnant is easy. Ask any couple who are trying to have a baby, and you will find out that the reality is radically different—getting pregnant is one of the hardest possible things when you really want to have a baby. Infertility issues prevent a couple from conceiving. Sperm health plays a deciding role in a couple’s ability to conceive, and sperm motility can impact the fertility of a man. Read on to know more about sperm motility and how it affects fertility.
Sperm motility refers to the ability of the sperm to move forward towards the ovum. The sperm of a man should be able to move forward at the rate of at least 25 micrometres per second, for it to be classified as ‘healthy’. If the sperm does not move at this rate, the condition is termed as asthenospermia or asthenozoospermia.
The degree of sperm motility can vary greatly. The sperm may simply be slow or sluggish to move or have non-progressive motility. The latter means that the sperm moves less than 5 micrometres per second. In some other cases, motility issues also mean that the sperm simply does not move at all. Also, at least 40 per cent of the sperm in a sample must have the adequate speed mentioned above for the man to have ‘normal’ sperm motility.
The sperm has to reach the ovum and fuse with it for the pregnancy to happen. Therefore, it is extremely important that the sperm is motile enough to reach the ovum, which is within the uterus of the female. In the case of poor sperm motility, the sperm does not swim well and eventually dies before they reach the ovum, which is why a couple is unable to conceive.
The man usually ejaculates the sperm near the cervical canal, when he has sexual intercourse with the woman. While he does not have to, sperm can even swim up from the vaginal opening to the cervical canal. The sperm needs to be near the cervical canal for better chances of fertilization. The egg simply stays within the fallopian tube, waiting for the sperm to reach it. Therefore, it is important that the sperm reaches it before the egg dies from lack of nutrients.
Sperm has to move through the cervical canal into the uterus and traverse it to reach the fallopian tube where the egg will be waiting to be fertilized. Even then, the sperm must be able to move into the ovum for the fertilization to be complete. Therefore, it is safe to say that sperm motility is one of the most important factors and has a direct say on whether you will be blessed with a baby.
All the sperm need not swim for normal motility, only around 40% of the sperm needs to be moving for conception to occur. This means that at least 40% of the sperm must be strong swimmers, before moving on to check the next factor.
Progressive motility is another important factor, which plays a huge role. This means that the sperm needs to be swimming from one place to another, rather than moving around in circles or in a zigzag manner. The benchmark for progress motility is 32 per cent, this means that at least 32% of the sperm in the sample needs to be progressively motile, for it to be considered healthy.
Finally, the speed of sperm is also checked. The sperm needs to be quick and moving in a straight path, for it to be considered healthy. If the speed of movement of sperm is around 25 micrometres per second, it is considered to be healthy, anything less than that is not great, and the sperm is considered non-progressive if the speed is less than 5 micrometres per second. At least 12% of the sperm sample must be quick, straight-moving, and progressive for the man to have normal sperm motility.
By low sperm motility, it is meant that the sperm will probably not reach the ovum in time for the fertilization to occur. This is a leading cause of infertility among males who are trying to conceive. The sperm might be too slow, non-progressive or may simply swim around in circles and not in quick, straight paths. In any case, you will need to consult a doctor to rectify the situation.
The causes of low sperm motility in men can vary. In some cases, it is genetic in others, it may be a medical condition or due to unhealthy lifestyle factors. The environment around him can also play a huge role in deciding the motility of his sperm.
To diagnose sperm motility, semen analysis is the best way. A man needs to provide at least two samples of the semen to the doctor, for him to analyze the sperm. The sperm can be provided either via masturbation or it can be taken from a used condom. The samples need to be handled carefully and need to be kept at room temperature always. It should be delivered within an hour to the office where the test is to be conducted.
Following are the medical procedures that may treat low sperm motility in men:
If a man has low-sperm motility, it can be hard for him to get his wife pregnant. But there are ways to increase sperm motility. Some of the things that your spouse can consider to increase sperm motility are as follows:
Eating healthy food can increase sperm motility. Processed meats can be bad for sperm health, whereas foods like dark chocolate, eggs, bananas, and garlic can be beneficial for sperm health. Make sure you include these foods in your partner’s diet.
Keeping mobile phones and laptops on your lap is a strict no, as they can affect the health of the sperm. The heat and the radiation are not good for sperm motility.
The scrotum needs to be a few degrees cooler than the rest of your body. So avoid wearing tight clothing like skinny denim or underwear, and keep those sperm swimming well.
Smoking has been found to have a direct impact on the health of the sperm, so quitting smoking is a must. If your partner doesn’t smoke, then well and good, but if he does, you should ask him to stop smoking. It will be good for his sperm health as well as his overall health. Plus when you do get pregnant, it will be good to breathe fresh air and not have that cigarette smell in the house (it won’t do any good to you or your baby.).
A man needs enough sleep and rest for his sperm health and overall health. Men who have poor sleep patterns have been found to have low sperm motility, owing to a lack of testosterone. So, make sure your man gets enough rest before you get under the sheets with him and try to make a baby.
When a man exercises, his body produces testosterone which is highly important in maintaining the health of the sperm. Hence, exercising is a must for improving sperm motility.
Sperm motility is an important factor for pregnancy. So you must ask your partner to try and follow a healthy lifestyle if he has low sperm motility. You and your spouse can also check with a doctor to understand more about sperm health and sperm motility, and what you can do to get pregnant.

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The definition of motility is the ability of an organism or fluid to move. Sperm motility refers to the movement and swimming of sperm. Poor sperm motility means that the sperm do not swim properly, which can lead to  male infertility . Poor sperm motility is also known as asthenozoospermia . 1 


Sperm are motile cells. This means that they are cells that make themselves move, which is important when it comes to getting pregnant. For vaginal sexual intercourse to lead to conception, the man generally will ejaculate semen near the cervical canal, at the end of the vaginal canal, though because of motility, any semen ejaculated near the vaginal area can make its way up the vaginal canal and to the cervix.


Semen can also get into the vaginal canal without ejaculation, from what is known as pre-ejaculate . This is a small amount of semen-like fluid that comes out of the urethra when a man is sexually aroused. 2  (This is one reason that the "pull-out method" doesn't reliably work to prevent pregnancy.) 


Sperm are programmed to swim in a way that will help them reach their ultimate destination: the ovulated egg. While the egg is moved along from the ovary into the fallopian tube by tiny hair-like projections called cilia, the egg itself doesn't swim. It more or less floats its way into and through the fallopian tubes with the help of the cilia.

Sperm, on the other hand, move themselves. They must swim up from the cervical canal, into and through the uterus, and, eventually, into the fallopian tube. This is where they meet an ovulated egg. Once there, the sperm must fertilize the egg, which also requires movement.

Research has found that it takes sperm between 2 and 10 minutes after ejaculation to reach the fallopian tubes.


Motility is just one measurement of sperm and semen health. Other factors considered during a semen analysis include: 3 

If motility is the only problem, the odds of spontaneous (unassisted) pregnancy are better than if other issues are present.

Motility may be evaluated in a semen analysis in the following ways: 4 


How sperm move is also important. Progressive motility refers to sperm that are swimming in a mostly straight line or in very large circles. Non-progressive motility refers to sperm that move but don't make forward progression or swim in very tight circles. 5  Total motility refers to the percentage of sperm making any sort of movement. This movement can include non-progressive movement.


For example, a sperm that just vibrates in place would be considered motile, but non-progressive. A sperm that zigzags but makes forward progression would be considered progressive. Progressive motility is needed in order for the sperm to swim their way up the female reproductive tract.


In a man with normal fertility, one ejaculate of semen may contain over 39 million sperm. Not all of those sperm, however, are expected to be completely healthy.


For an ejaculate sample to be considered normal, at least 40% of the sperm should be motile, or moving. This can include non-progressive movement. At least 32% of the sperm should show progressive motility. 6 


A diagnosis of poor sperm motility is usually made based on the percentage of motile sperm. However, research has found that the total motile sperm count is a more relevant measurement. 7 

A total motile sperm count over 20 million is considered to be normal. Lower than 5 million is poor sperm motility. Less than 1 million is severe poor sperm motility.

Usually, when sperm motility is poor, there are other problems found with sperm health. For example, men with poor sperm motility may also have low sperm counts or poor sperm morphology (or sperm shape). Sperm that aren't formed properly can't swim properly.


Sperm motility may be harmed by exposure to chemicals, illness, exposure to heat or cold, lifestyle habits like smoking , or abnormalities of the male reproductive tract, like with a  varicocele . 8 


Poor sperm motility may also occur if a man has infrequent sexual activity. In this case, if the first ejaculate collected showed poor motility, a second ejaculate collected soon after should be better.


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