Sperm Count

Sperm Count

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Male fertility is as important as female fertility and quite complex as well. Sperm health is determined by various factors and sperm count is one of them. Sperm count refers to the number of sperms that should be present in a given sample of ejaculation. A normal sperm count ranges from 15 million sperm to more than 200 million sperm per millilitre (ml) of semen. With a simple semen analysis, one can know their sperm count which will fall in any one of the following categories:
According to the WHO, 10-15 million sperm per millilitre is classified as lower than the normal range. Although it takes only one sperm to fertilise the ovum, higher quantities of sperm increase the probability of the sperms to successfully reach the egg. Low sperm count can still achieve pregnancy if other factors of sperm health are normal. There are also treatments and changes that one can do to improve the count.
Sperm count less than 15 million per millilitre is the low Average range. This implies that your count is not exactly in the lowest range but it still below average.
More than 15 million sperm per millilitres is considered to be the average sperm count range. Having numbers in this range denote that your chances of getting pregnant in the first few attempts are 50-50, provided all other parameters of sperm health are good.
Sperm count is the key factor in male fertility but numbers are not everything. Sperms must have the normal shape of an oval head, a midpiece and a tail. They should also be able to swim in a straight, forward direction to easily reach the egg. All these three fundamental parameters of sperm health must be normal and work together naturally for the process of fertilising the ovum.
So, the good news is that a normal sperm count can be achieved through basic changes in diet and/or lifestyle. This promotes the overall male fertility health. Some of these changes include:
Be sure to consult a doctor, if you think low sperms count is creating fertility issues.
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What is male infertility? Urology Care Foundation. http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/male-infertility. Accessed Aug. 8, 2018.
Townsend CM Jr, et al. Urologic surgery. In: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 20th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 8, 2018.
How common is male infertility, and what are its causes? National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/infertility. Accessed Aug. 8, 2018.
Anawalt BD, et al. Approach to the male with infertility. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 8, 2018.
Jameson JL, et al., eds. Clinical management of male infertility. In: Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 8, 2018.
Wein AJ, et al., eds. Male infertility. In: Campbell-Walsh Urology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 8, 2018.
Yao DF, et al. Male infertility: Lifestyle factors and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2016;18:410.
Using dietary supplements wisely. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. https://nccih.nih.gov/health/supplements/wiseuse.htm. Accessed Aug. 28, 2018.
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Low sperm count means that the fluid (semen) you ejaculate during an orgasm contains fewer sperm than normal.
A low sperm count is also called oligospermia (ol-ih-go-SPUR-me-uh). A complete absence of sperm is called azoospermia. Your sperm count is considered lower than normal if you have fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
Having a low sperm count decreases the odds that one of your sperm will fertilize your partner's egg, resulting in pregnancy. Nonetheless, many men who have a low sperm count are still able to father a child.
The main sign of low sperm count is the inability to conceive a child. There might be no other obvious signs or symptoms. In some men, an underlying problem such as an inherited chromosomal abnormality, a hormonal imbalance, dilated testicular veins or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm may cause signs and symptoms.
Low sperm count symptoms might include:
See a doctor if you have been unable to conceive a child after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse or sooner if you have any of the following:
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The production of sperm is a complex process and requires normal functioning of the testicles (testes) as well as the hypothalamus and pituitary glands — organs in your brain that produce hormones that trigger sperm production. Once sperm are produced in the testicles, delicate tubes transport them until they mix with semen and are ejaculated out of the penis. Problems with any of these systems can affect sperm production.
Also, there can be problems of abnormal sperm shape (morphology), movement (motility) or function.
However, often the cause of low sperm count isn't identified.
Low sperm count can be caused by a number of health issues and medical treatments. Some of these include:
Ejaculation problems. Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of emerging out of the tip of the penis. Various health conditions can cause retrograde ejaculation or lack of ejaculation, including diabetes, spinal injuries, and surgery of the bladder, prostate or urethra.
Certain medications also might result in ejaculatory problems, such as blood pressure medications known as alpha blockers. Some ejaculatory problems can be reversed, while others are permanent. In most cases of permanent ejaculation problems, sperm can still be retrieved directly from the testicles.
Defects of tubules that transport sperm. Many different tubes carry sperm. They can be blocked due to various causes, including inadvertent injury from surgery, prior infections, trauma or abnormal development, such as with cystic fibrosis or similar inherited conditions.
Blockage can occur at any level, including within the testicle, in the tubes that drain the testicle, in the epididymis, in the vas deferens, near the ejaculatory ducts or in the urethra.
Sperm production or function can be affected by overexposure to certain environmental elements, including:
Overheating the testicles. Elevated temperatures impair sperm production and function. Although studies are limited and are inconclusive, frequent use of saunas or hot tubs might temporarily impair sperm count.
Sitting for long periods, wearing tight clothing or working on a laptop computer for long stretches of time also might increase the temperature in your scrotum and slightly reduce sperm production.
Other causes of low sperm count include:
A number of risk factors are linked to low sperm count and other problems that can cause low sperm count. They include:
Infertility caused by low sperm count can be stressful for both you and your partner. Complications can include:
To protect your fertility, avoid known factors that can affect sperm count and quality. For example:
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