Sperm

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, "female" reproductive cell and a smaller, "male" one). Animals produce motile sperm with a tail known as a flagellum, which are known as spermatozoa, while some red algae and fungi produce non-motile sperm cells, known as spermatia. Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal p…
Sperm is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, "female" reproductive cell and a smaller, "male" one). Animals produce motile sperm with a tail known as a flagellum, which are known as spermatozoa, while some red algae and fungi produce non-motile sperm cells, known as spermatia. Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal plants like ferns and some gymnosperms have motile sperm.

Sperm cells form during the process known as spermatogenesis, which in amniotes (reptiles and mammals) takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. This process involves the production of several successive sperm cell precursors, starting with spermatogonia, which differentiate into spermatocytes. The spermatocytes then undergo meiosis, reducing their chromosome number by half, which produces spermatids. The spermatids then mature and, in animals, construct a tail, or flagellum, which gives rise to the mature, motile sperm cell. This whole process occurs constantly and takes around 3 months from start to finish.

Sperm cells cannot divide and have a limited lifespan, but after fusion with egg cells during fertilisation, a new organism begins developing, starting as a totipotent zygote. The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell. In mammals, sperm is stored in the epididymis and is released from the penis during ejaculation in a fluid known as semen.

The word sperm is derived from the Greek word σπέρμα, sperma, meaning "seed".
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm
Дата выпуска: 2 Мая 1994 года
Жанры: Индастриал-метал, Neue Deutsche …
Длительность: 49:04
Записан: 1994
Sperm (рус. Сперма) — второй студийный альбом немецкой рок-группы Oomph!, вышедший в мае 1994 года на лейбле Dynamica.
What is the definition of sperm in science?
What is the definition of sperm in science?
n. pl. sperm or sperms. 1. A male gamete, such as a spermatozoon of an animal or one of the cells or nuclei produced by a pollen grain of a plant. Also called sperm cell.
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/s…
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed"). In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and its subtype oogamy, there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm cell.
The human sperm is composed of a head and a tail, the tail being divisible into a neck, a middle piece, a principal piece, and an end piece; the head, 4-6 mcm in length, is a broadly oval, flattened body containing the nucleus; the tail is about 55 mcm in length. sperm.
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/s…
Sperm cells are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. Human sperm cells can survive within the female reproductive tract for more than 5 days post coitus. Semen is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethral glands.
https://www.britannica.com/science/sperm
Перевести · Sperm, male reproductive cell, produced by most animals. In higher vertebrates, especially mammals, sperm are produced in the testes. The sperm unites with (fertilizes) the ovum (egg) of a female to produce a new offspring. Mature sperm …
https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/sperm-and-semen-faq
Перевести · 08.09.2010 · Sperm concentration. Also called sperm density, this is the number of sperm in millions per milliliter of semen. Fifteen million or more sperm per mL is considered normal. Sperm …
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https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sperm
Перевести · sperm. ( spĕrm) The male gamete or sex cell that contains the genetic information to be transmitted by the male, exhibits autokinesia, and is able to effect zygosis with an oocyte. The human sperm …
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sperm
Перевести · 05.03.2020 · Sperm is the male reproductive cell or gamete. The term “gamete” implies that the cell is half of a whole. When a sperm combines …
https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/sperm-15-crazy-things-you-should-know
Перевести · 19.09.2011 · Sperm cells - which are made in the testicles - need lots of high-octane fuel to whip their tails. Lucky for them (and us), sperm get the fuel they need in the form of sugar …
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Sperm.aspx
The Cellular Biology of A Sperm
Structure of The Sperm
Further Reading
Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. These undergo division in a process called mitosis. Mitosis produces daughter cells that contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, one one half of which is inherited from the mother and the other from the father.For t…
Нижний Новгород, Нижегородская область
Нижний Новгород, Нижегородская область
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Alternative Titles: spermatozoa, spermatozoan, spermatozoon
Sperm, also called spermatozoon, plural spermatozoa, male reproductive cell, produced by most animals. With the exception of nematode worms, decapods (e.g., crayfish), diplopods (e.g., millipedes), and mites, sperm are flagellated; that is, they have a whiplike tail. In higher vertebrates, especially mammals, sperm are produced in the testes. The sperm unites with (fertilizes) an ovum (egg) of the female to produce a new offspring. Mature sperm have two distinguishable parts, a head and a tail.
Sperm cells (magnified 1,000 times).
The head of the sperm varies in shape for each animal species. In humans it is flattened and almond-shaped, four to five micrometres long and two to three micrometres wide (there are about 25,000 micrometres in an inch). The head portion is mainly a cell nucleus; it consists of genetic substances, called chromosomes, which are responsible for transmitting specific characteristics of an individual, such as the colour of eyes, hair, and skin. In each body cell of healthy humans, there are 46 chromosomes, which are responsible for the individual’s general physical makeup. The sperm cells have only 23 chromosomes, or half of the usual number. When a sperm cell unites with the ovum, which also has 23 chromosomes, the resulting 46 chromosomes determine the offspring’s characteristics. The sperm cells also carry the X or Y chromosome that determines the sex of the future child.
A sperm cell attempting to penetrate an egg (ovum) to fertilize it.
animal breeding: Determining sex from sperm
There is a commercial demand for the ability to predetermine the sex of livestock. For example, a producer...
Covering the head of the sperm is a cap known as the acrosome, which contains enzymes that help sperm to enter an egg. Only one sperm fertilizes each egg, even though 300,000,000 to 400,000,000 sperm are contained in an average ejaculation. Each egg and sperm produced has slightly different genetic information carried in the chromosomes; this accounts for the differences and similarities between children of the same parents.
A small middle portion of the sperm contains the mitochondria. The tail of the sperm, sometimes called the flagellum, is a slender, hairlike bundle of filaments that connects to the head and middle portion. The tail is about 50 micrometres long; its thickness of one micrometre near the mitochondria gradually diminishes to less than one-half micrometre at the end of the tail. The tail gives the sperm cell movement. It whips and undulates so that the cell can travel to the egg. Following sperm deposition in the female reproductive tract, activation of tail movement is suppressed until the sperm is carried to within a relatively short distance of the egg. This gives the sperm an increased chance of reaching the egg before exhausting its energy supplies.
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The activation of tail movements is part of the process of capacitation, in which the sperm undergoes a series of cellular changes that enables its participation in fertilization. A fundamental change that occurs during capacitation is alkalinization of sperm cytoplasm, in which the intracellular pH levels increase, particularly in the flagellum. This process, which is driven by the rapid movement of protons out of the cell through ion channels on the flagellum, underlies tail activation. Proton channels on sperm flagella are primed for opening by the presence in the female reproductive tract of a substance known as anandamide, which is thought to occur in high concentrations near the egg. Upon reaching an egg, enzymes contained within the sperm acrosome are activated, enabling the sperm to traverse the thick coat surrounding the egg (the zona pellucida); this process is known as the acrosome reaction. The membrane of the sperm cell then fuses with that of the egg, and the sperm nucleus is conveyed into the egg.
Sperm deposited in the reproductive tract of the female that do not reach the egg die. Sperm cells may live in the human body for two or three days after mating. Sperm may also be stored in a frozen state for months or years and still retain their capacity to fertilize eggs when thawed.
The widespread nature of sexual reproduction in animals has raised intriguing questions concerning the evolutionary origins of sperm. Almost all living animals, from worms to insects to humans, possess a gene known as Boule (BOULE), which functions solely in sperm production. The presence of this gene in sea anemones—very primitive life-forms—suggests that the ability to produce sperm evolved only once, roughly 600 million years ago. Although the gene’s function is highly conserved among animals, it has diverged to give rise to a distinct form for each species.
According to studies performed in mice, the final stages of sperm maturation appear to be regulated by a gene known as Katnal1, which is expressed by the Sertoli cells that support and nourish immature sperm within the walls of the seminiferous tubules (the site of spermatogenesis). Dysfunction of Katnal1 is suspected to underlie some instances of male infertility, and thus, the gene represents a potential target for the development of male infertility drugs as well as new forms of male contraception.
animal breeding: Determining sex from sperm
There is a commercial demand for the ability to predetermine the sex of livestock. For example, a producer...…
Gametes such as ova, sperm, and pollen begin as germ cells, which, like other types of cells, have two...…
…is that the motile (flagellated) sperm depend on water to allow gamete transport and fertilization.…
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