Spanking Gau Bdcm Student School

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At least 92,000 K-12 students in the U.S. were paddled or spanked at school in the 2015-2016 school year.
dannikonov/iStock via Getty Images Plus

Video shows students still get paddled in US schools

Published: May 21, 2021 2.24pm CEST

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Corporal punishment

School discipline

K-12 education

School safety

State laws

Associate Professor of Educational Leadership and Policy, University of Florida

F. Chris Curran has received funding from the National Institute of Justice, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the American Educational Research Association for work on school discipline.
University of Florida provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation US.
The image of a teacher paddling or spanking a student at school may seem to belong in a history book – as archaic a practice as the dunce cap. However, for thousands of students across America each year, the use of corporal punishment for violating school rules is still a routine part of their education .
Surprising to many, corporal punishment in schools remains legal in 19 states nationwide . In the 2015-2016 school year, more than 92,000 public school students were paddled or spanked at the hands of school personnel, with most of these incidents concentrated in fewer than 10 states, mostly in the South .
Corporal punishment has again captured national attention following the release of a video in May 2021 of a Florida principal paddling a young girl . The video, secretly captured by the student’s mother, shows the principal striking the student with a wooden paddle in response to her damaging a computer. While a violation of district policy, the principal’s actions were deemed legal by both the local sheriff’s office and the state attorney’s office .
Many who have viewed the video have questioned how this practice remains legal and in use in the United States. As an educational researcher who studies school discipline – and as a former teacher who has seen other teachers use this practice – I have found that the answer to this question is complex.
In 1977, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Ingraham v. Wright that corporal punishment in schools is constitutional, establishing a federal standard for its continued legal use.
However, these efforts have not been able to get much traction. Louisiana’s bill failed to pass in the House , with critics pointing to a preference for local school districts to make the decision. In fact, the last state ban occurred in 2011 , when New Mexico outlawed the practice .
Research that I have conducted with others shows this deference to local school districts is common . In our 2018 study on corporal punishment, we found that state bans generally come after local school district bans or reductions in use.
For example, Rhode Island enacted a state ban on corporal punishment in 2002 , even though the practice had not been used in the state since 1977 because of local decisions . In North Carolina, the practice has been eliminated by all districts in the state since 2019, but a subsequent bill to formalize this ban at the state level failed to advance to law .
For many local leaders and educators, the continued use of corporal punishment reflects shared community norms and a belief that the practice is beneficial to maintaining order in schools. For many state policymakers, there is a general belief that such decisions should be made at the local level. Unfortunately, research suggests that this deference to local decisions to use corporal punishment is harmful for students.
[ Understand new developments in science, health and technology, each week. Subscribe to The Conversation’s science newsletter .]
Though studies of the impact of corporal punishment in schools are limited, those that exist suggest the practice harms students’ academic performance and future behavior . Such negative outcomes have also been linked with corporal punishment use in the home by parents .
The burden of these negative impacts is disproportionately experienced by students of color and boys. Black students are two to three times as likely as their white peers to experience corporal punishment, and boys make up about 80% of those subjected to the practice.
Based on such evidence, many national and international organizations recommend against the use of corporal punishment in schools. Former acting Secretary of Education John B. King called explicitly for U.S. schools to cease the practice . Despite this, the U.S. has not joined the over 100 countries worldwide that ban corporal punishment in schools.
For many educators, the appeal of corporal punishment may be its efficiency. It can be quickly administered by a teacher or principal with limited commitment of time or institutional resources. Though unproductive in the long term, it may result in compliance in the short term.
It is important, then, for discussions about bans on corporal punishment to include alternatives. In fact, not doing so may result in schools trading corporal punishment for other negative disciplinary practices like suspension .
In my own research , my colleague and I found that when school districts serving large proportions of Black or Hispanic students decrease or stop using corporal punishment, suspension rates tend to increase. In contrast, suspension rates decreased in districts with more white students.
Given the negative effects of corporal punishment and the risk that bans alone could lead to increased suspensions in schools with more minority students, how should educators and policymakers approach the issue?
There are alternative approaches to corporal punishment and suspension that offer promise for eliminating the practice of paddling students while also ensuring that students remain in school to learn. Restorative practices and positive behavior interventions are such examples. These approaches focus on addressing student trauma, building relationships and rewarding positive behavior.
A focus on building a strong school climate – characterized by supportive relationships between teachers and students as well as engaging instructional practice – also holds promise for improved student behavior without corporal punishment.
Ultimately, gaining local support for corporal punishment bans may be easier if schools know more effective alternatives are available.
Comments are open on selected articles and must comply with our community standards .
I remember school spankings back in the 50’s and 60’s. I cannot say whether it was effective, but it did deter me from acting out badly enough to ever get spanked. I do believe spankings can be a positive parental tool for younger children maybe up to age eight or so… that is, if done right…. That is, not out of violent anger. Not for minor behavioral problems. We spanked our four younger sons only if they were rebellious to our authority. And first we sat them down, talked with them, explained why they needed a punishment, and after the spanking we held them and expected a sincere apology. It worked. They never were violent or aggressive or bullying. Our four sons were responsible teen-agers, and now wonderful kind fathers and husbands to their own families. And they spank.
I’m no fan of corporal punishment. I got “licks” frequently as a child for behaviors linked to being on the autism spectrum back in the seventies. No one apparently knew about “Asperger’s” back then. Like a lot of kids on the spectrum, I could see that I was different than the other kids and they didn’t know what to do with me. So, I didn’t take it personally. How the kids treated me was much worse.
That being said, corporal punishment at school and in the home was expected through out human history until only a generation or two ago. Over all, I don’t see than the removal of corporal punishment has helped much. Child growth and development is so complex. It’s hard to tell if there is an over all net gain or loss in using it.
I do know it is linked to a ideology, so between the complexities and different beliefs, true data in it’s absence being a detriment will be lacking.

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In a seemingly counterintuitive move, a Texas school district has changed its policies to allow opposite-gender faculty to paddle students after a controversy regarding two high-school girls being paddled by a male vice principal.
As the district loosens its corporal punishment rules, researchers and child-development experts have turned against physical discipline of children , linking it to increased aggression, anxiety and depression in kids. Physical discipline in adolescents may be particularly harmful.
"People quite often see that it stops the [bad] behavior today or it stops the behavior this week," said Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, a professor of social work at the University of Michigan who has studied physical punishment internationally. "I think we're just less able to see that it's a really powerful negative shaper of behavior over time."
The Texas controversy began after two parents in Springtown, Texas, complained that their daughters had been paddled by male faculty hard enough to leave welts and bruises. The Springtown school district policy allowed paddling by a same-sex faculty member as long as parents had not filed paperwork opting their children out of the punishment. [ 10 Scientific Tips for Raising Happy Kids ]
On Monday night (Sept. 24), the school district responded to the controversy by altering their policy to allow opposite-sex faculty to spank students. Texas is one of the 19 states where school corporal punishment is still legal, according to the nonprofit Center for Effective Discipline. In 2005-2006, the most recent school year data is available, about 1 percent of Texas students were physically punished , according to the Center's data. That year, Mississippi schools engaged in the most corporal punishment compared with the other 18 states, with 7.5 percent of students getting paddled.
Physical punishment of kids by parents is losing acceptance among American parents, but levels of support are still high. About 65 percent of parents of preschoolers report using spanking for discipline, according to a 2004 study in the journal Pediatrics. This is despite "probably close to 1,000 studies over the last 40 years" that have found corporal punishment is not the best method of discipline and that using it can even make kids more aggressive, Grogan-Kaylor told LiveScience.
Because it would be unethical to randomly assign kids to lives where they are either spanked or not spanked — the experimental method — researchers turn to correlational studies to look for links between spanking and behavior. They find that spanking is linked with aggression, delinquency, mental health problems and difficulties in parent-child relationships. There are even studies suggesting that spanking lowers intelligence , but those findings are uncertain as researchers don't yet understand what drives the link, said Elizabeth Gershoff, a professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas, Austin.
The correlations hold even after controlling for factors such as socioeconomic status or how aggressive a child is to start with. Critics often argue that already-aggressive children get spanked more, Gershoff told LIveScience.
"That's definitely true, but it doesn't explain the whole story," she said. "Even when you put that into the equation, [spanking] still predicts an increase in aggression. In no case does spanking make kids less aggressive."
The aggression-spanking link is likely a result of learned behavior, social scientists say. When kids see their parents using violence, they can reach the conclusion that hitting is sometimes okay.
"They come to think of using physical force or violence as an acceptable way to get what they want," said Jennifer Lansford, a researcher at Duke University's Center for Child and Family Policy. "Then they are more likely, in the future, to themselves use physical force." [ 5 Ways to Foster Self-Compassion in Your Child ]
There has been little research done on the effect of using corporal punishment in schools, but social scientists say there's no reason to believe the results would be any better than when parents hit kids.
"It might even be more likely to have a negative impact, because students don't have as close a relationship with their teachers or their principals as they do their parents," Gershoff said.
Spanking is most common with young children and toddlers , Grogan-Kaylor said. Within families, adolescents who are hit are even more prone to problems than younger children, he said, suggesting the use of corporal punishment may be even more troubling in high schools than in elementary or middle school.
"There's a kind of vulnerability in that an adolescent is really trying to create structure out of their world," Grogan-Kaylor said. "They're doing a lot of developmental work to try to figure out, 'Okay, at some point I'm going to be out on my own and how am I going to behave?'"
Teens are also capable of listening to reason, Lansford told LiveScience.
"By the time you're talking about adolescents, there are a lot of other options for how to discipline adolescents that would be age appropriate, nonviolent and nonharmful," Lansford said.
At least one of the Texas teens chose to be paddled rather than serve a second day of in-school suspension, according to news reports.
Thirty-three countries worldwide have banned corporal punishment altogether, even in the home. Rep. Carolyn McCarthy (D-N.Y.)introduced a bill to ban spanking and paddling in schools, but the legislation has not made it out of committee last year or this year.
Americans feel strongly that parents should have the right to discipline their children as they see fit, Lansford said, and many are reluctant to believe that something their own parents did to them might be harmful. But spanking is a risk factor for problems, much like cigarettes are a risk factor for lung cancer, she said. Not every child will have problems after being spanked, she said, but being spanked does raise the chances of later behavior and mental health issues .
Despite high approval ratings for spanking, UT's Gershoff sees change on the horizon. Parents still spank, she said, but they do so less often and are less likely to hit kids with objects than they used to be. And there are more parenting books, television shows and discussions about alternative, more effective, discipline methods now, she said.
"It's slowly, slowly changing," Gershoff said. "It will take probably another generation or so, I think, for people to realize that they don’t need to do it at all."
Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter @sipappas or LiveScience @livescience . We're also on Facebook & Google+ .
Stephanie Pappas is a contributing writer for Live Science, covering topics ranging from geoscience to archaeology to the human brain and behavior. She was previously a senior writer for Live Science but is now a freelancer based in Denver, Colorado, and regularly contributes to Scientific American and The Monitor, the monthly magazine of the American Psychological Association. Stephanie received a bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of South Carolina and a graduate certificate in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz.
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Not many results contain gau , bdcm Search only for spanking "gau" "bdcm" student school ?
The image of a teacher paddling or spanking a student at school may seem to belong in a history book—as archaic a practice as the dunce cap. However, for thousands of students across America ...
Aug 25, 2022 Spanking is staging a comeback this school year in the classrooms of one small town in southwestern Missouri, where the district will now allow corporal punishment for any unruly student whose ...
At least 92,000 K-12 students in the U.S. were paddled or spanked at school in the 2015-2016 school year. dannikonov/iStock via Getty Images Plus Video shows students still get paddled in US schools
But spanking is a risk factor for problems, much like cigarettes are a risk factor for lung cancer, she said. Not every child will have problems after being spanked, she said, but being spanked ...
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Shortcuts to other sites to search off DuckDuckGo Learn More
Not many results contain gau , bdcm Search only for spanking "gau" "bdcm" student school ?
The image of a teacher paddling or spanking a student at school may seem to belong in a history book—as archaic a practice as the dunce cap. However, for thousands of students across America ...
Aug 25, 2022 Spanking is staging a comeback this school year in the classrooms of one small town in southwestern Missouri, where the district will now allow corporal punishment for any unruly student whose ...
At least 92,000 K-12 students in the U.S. were paddled or spanked at school in the 2015-2016 school year.
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