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Note that lines beginning with the recipe prefix character are considered part of a recipe, so any define or endef strings appearing on such a line will not be considered make directives. However, note that using two separate lines means make will invoke the shell twice, running an independent sub-shell for each line. See The override Directive. If you want to clear a variable, setting its value to empty is usually sufficient. Expanding such a variable will yield the same result (empty string) regardless of whether it was set or not. However, if you are using the flavor (see The flavor Function) and origin (see The origin Function) functions, there is a difference between a variable that was never set and a variable with an empty value. In such situations you may want to use the undefine directive to make a variable appear as if it was never set. This example will print “undefined” for both variables.
’ to have the effect of a single dollar sign in a file name or recipe. Variable references can be used in any context: targets, prerequisites, recipes, most directives, and new variable values. Variable references work by strict textual substitution. C program prog.c. Since spaces before the variable value are ignored in variable assignments, the value of foo is precisely ‘c’. Don’t actually write your makefiles this way! A dollar sign followed by a character other than a dollar sign, open-parenthesis or open-brace treats that single character as the variable name. ’ refers to the variable f followed by the string oo) so we recommend using parentheses or braces around all variables, even single-letter variables, unless omitting them gives significant readability improvements. One place where readability is often improved is automatic variables (see Automatic Variables). There are different ways that a variable in GNU make can get a value; we call them the flavors of variables.
As a programmer, you can either use a development version of Autoconf or avoid using these variables until a stable release is made which supports them. Compile the entire program. This should be the default target. This target need not rebuild any documentation files; Info files should normally be included in the distribution, and DVI (and other documentation format) files should be made only when explicitly asked for. By default, the Make rules should compile and link with ‘-g’, so that executable programs have debugging symbols. Otherwise, you are essentially helpless in the face of a crash, and it is often far from easy to reproduce with a fresh build. Compile the program and copy the executables, libraries, and so on to the file names where they should reside for actual use. If there is a simple test to verify that a program is properly installed, this target should run that test.
’ the value on the right-hand side is not expanded immediately. Second, these variables are slightly less efficient than simply expanded variables since they do need to be re-expanded when they are used, rather than merely copied. However since all variable references are escaped this expansion simply un-escapes the value, it won’t expand any variables or run any functions. POSIX specification in Issue 8 to provide portability. There is another assignment operator for variables, ‘? ’. This is called a conditional variable assignment operator, because it only has an effect if the variable is not yet defined. ’ will not set that variable. This section describes some advanced features you can use to reference variables in more flexible ways. A substitution reference substitutes the value of a variable with alterations that you specify. ’) and its meaning is to take the value of the variable var, replace every a at the end of a word with b in that value, and substitute the resulting string.
Canadians who are part of the French or English minority of a province to have their children educated in their own language. The Constitution also specifically recognizes and affirms the existing Aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. International Law Canada is also governed by the rules of international law, whether based on custom or on treaty. Many issues cannot be dealt with domestically and may require the cooperation of several governments. Some examples are transboundary pollution, fishing of straddling or migratory stocks, international money laundering, and trade issues. Legislation and Regulation Within the limits set out by the Constitution, laws can be made or changed by means of written statutes enacted by Parliament or a provincial or territorial legislature. Any Member of Parliament or a legislature may propose a new law, but most new laws are put forward by the government in power. A proposed law must be presented for consideration by all members, who study and debate it.
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