So , You've Purchased ADHD Anxiety Medication ... Now What?
ADHD and Anxiety Medication
Anxiety disorders are frequently co-occurring with ADHD. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, sleep disturbance and irritability.
The use of stimulants can ease symptoms, but it can cause adverse effects, such as tics or slight growth decreases in children and adolescents. Some people also find that their anxiety levels increase when they are taking stimulant medications.
Stimulants
Stimulants are used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They can be found in capsules, tablets crystals that are chunky and clear, or a white or brown powder. Large doses of stimulants can create over-stimulation and cause anxiety, panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may cause addiction and severe adverse effects, such as heart issues stroke, high pressure and heart problems.
The drugs that are commonly prescribed to treat ADHD are also proven to have a track record of relieving the symptoms of anxiety. They improve the supply of brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine which are typically lower in people with ADHD. This improves the activity and communication of the parts of the brain which control attention and executive functions. This results in an improvement in impulse control and anxiety symptoms diminishing.
Both atomoxetine (as as well as methylphenidate) reduce anxiety symptoms among adults with ADHD who also have anxiety disorders. The improvement in anxiety symptoms was evident in the first week of treatment for both drugs and the benefits were sustained through 8 weeks of treatment.
It is important to remember that the type of medication that is most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which disorder has more impact on a person’s quality of living. A person may experience a variety of mini-crises that cause worry in a regular manner as they rush to make appointments or keep up with projects at work or school. These can be distressing and trigger anxiety more often than the symptoms of panic attacks or fear.
In these situations, antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best choice to alleviate anxiety-related symptoms. These medications have been proven effective at the reduction of anxiety levels among adults. They are usually taken orally and can take a bit longer to take effect, but the most popular options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. most effective adhd medication for adults can be used in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety, and are particularly useful if the patient experiences high blood pressure.
SSRIs
SSRIs which are antidepressant drugs, are often used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this class is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also able to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. They are more adaptable and have less side effects than previous generations of antidepressants.
The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin in synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter within the synapse to remain active and communicate with the post synaptic cells more than would be the case in other circumstances. This can increase the output of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It can also increase the levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) and stimulate the synthesis of proteins.
In addition, the SSRIs may reduce impulsivity and decrease hyperactivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in people with ADHD. However, these medications can increase the risk of suicidal ideas and behaviors in some individuals. They can also trigger an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they first begin.
The SNRIs are a distinct type of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs prevent the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Like SSRIs they may have an effect on anxiety, but they also improve the functioning of the heart muscle and the blood vessels, which could decrease anxiety and stress. They also can boost the mood of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder.
The most common SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). The SNRIs may raise blood pressure in certain individuals and are not recommended for those suffering from high blood pressure or heart disease.
There are many behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized alongside medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce anxiety and stress. Some people have found that tapping on specific points on their body, or Emotional Freedom Techniques, can help reduce the cortisol hormone which creates anxiety. Exercise and diet can aid in reducing anxiety. Your doctor may recommend eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can cause anxiety in certain ADHD children and adults.
Non-stimulant-based medications
While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched however they are not the most appropriate choice for people who also suffer from anxiety or ADHD. The stimulant medications can trigger adverse effects like increased heart rate and jitteriness. These symptoms can mirror or worsen anxiety symptoms.
Non-stimulant drugs are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase blood pressure or heart rate, and they are less likely to have anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness.
Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can aid in improving concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also shown that it can effectively improve anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out if atomoxetine improved anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD.
Bupropion is another drug that can help with anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is usually recommended for those suffering from co-occurring depression and ADHD. It can also help improve mood and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is usually best to treat the anxiety first before tackling ADHD. This can usually help to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety.
It is very common for kids with ADHD to have problems with anxiety, and in some instances, the anxiety is caused by their ADHD symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral treatment and psychostimulants are generally the most effective treatment options for anxiety in this situation. These treatments will reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root causes of the issue.
Antidepressants are also often prescribed to those suffering from co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target the brain chemical Serotonin can aid in relieving anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline.
Ultimately, the decision of which medication is right for you will be decided by your doctor. Before recommending a drug, they will take into consideration your symptoms, lifestyle and age, along with other health issues. It is essential to discuss with your doctor your goals for treatment and to adhere to a daily routine when taking any medication.
Other options
Other treatment options could be beneficial for managing ADHD or anxiety, based on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep, nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits.
People who are anxious are more likely to suffer from symptoms of ADHD Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it challenging to treat both disorders simultaneously. He typically prescribes stimulants first to treat ADHD before turning to non-stimulant medications like bupropion, atomoxetine, or guanfacine to treat anxiety disorders. These work around the clock and are not controlled substances as stimulants.