Smeegles

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Smeegles
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Fictional monster in Tolkien's fantasy series
This article is about the fictional character. For the animated being from Jewish folklore, see Golem . For other uses, see Gollum (disambiguation) .
"Smeagol" redirects here. For the sea slug, see Smeagol (gastropod) .
Sculpture of Gollum catching fish at Wellington Airport , 2013, to mark the release of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey [1]
Further information: Tolkien's monsters
Further information: King Solomon's Mines


^ Unfinished Tales , Part Three, IV. "The Hunt for the Ring", p 353, note 9.

^ Jump up to: a b Letters , #214 to A. C. Nunn, c. late 1958-early 1959 "remigration of the Stoors ... Deagol-Smeagol incident"

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i The Hobbit , ch. 5 "Riddles in the Dark"

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g The Fellowship of the Ring , book 1, ch. 2 " The Shadow of the Past "

^ The Fellowship of the Ring , book 2, ch. 9 "The Great River"

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 1 "The Taming of Sméagol"

^ The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 3, "The Black Gate is Closed"

^ Jump up to: a b The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 4, "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"

^ Jump up to: a b c The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 6, "The Forbidden Pool"

^ The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 8, "The Stairs of Cirith Ungol"

^ Jump up to: a b The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 9, "Shelob's Lair"

^ The Return of the King , book 6, ch. 3, "Mount Doom"

^ The Return of the King , book 6, ch. 4, "The Field of Cormallen"

^ The Two Towers , book 4, ch. 10, "The Choices of Master Samwise"

^ The Fellowship of the Ring , book 2, ch. 9, "The Great River"

^ Jump up to: a b The Fellowship of the Ring , book 2, ch. 2 "The Council of Elrond"

^ Return of the King , Appendix F: II, "On Translation"

^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1981). Carpenter, Humphrey ; Tolkien, Christopher (eds.). To the editor of the 'Observer' . The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien . Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin . p. 31. ISBN 978-0-618-05699-6 . Beowulf is among my most valued sources; though it was not consciously present to the mind in the process of writing




^ Child, Ben. "Hobbit release marked with giant Gollum sculpture at Wellington airport" . The Guardian . Retrieved 19 June 2020 .

^ Bosworth & Toller (1898), "smygel"

^ Bosworth, Joseph ; Toller, T. Northcote (1972) [1898]. "Deogol". An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary . Oxfordshire, England: Clarendon Press . ISBN 978-0198631019 .

^ Tyler, J. E. A. (1977). The New Tolkien Companion . New York City: St. Martin's Press . ISBN 0380469049 .

^ Scoville, Chester N. (2007). "Scholarship and Critical Assessment" . In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). Hobbit, The . J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia . Oxfordshire, England: Taylor & Francis . p. 278. ISBN 978-0415969420 .

^ Jump up to: a b Holownia, Olga (31 December 2014). " 'Hell, what a chance to have a go at the classics': Tove Jansson's take on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, The Hunting of the Snark, and The Hobbit" . Barnboken - Journal of Children's Literature Research . 37 . doi : 10.14811/clr.v37i0.191 . It could be argued, however, that large Groke-like Gollum, mountain-tall trolls, impish goblins and tribal wargs dancing against the backdrop of white snaky flames – all of the scary creatures which unlike the dwarves are placed in the centre of the frames – resonate with the rest of the illustrations that aim to evoke a sense of terror.

^ Hammond, Wayne G. ; Scull, Christina (2005), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion , London: HarperCollins , pg 447, ISBN 0-00-720907-X

^ "Sméagol" . The Encyclopedia of Arda. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010 . Retrieved 25 March 2015 .

^ Jump up to: a b Nelson, Brent (2008). "Cain-Leviathan Typology in Gollum and Grendel" . Extrapolation . Liverpool, England: University of Liverpool . 49 (3): 466. doi : 10.3828/extr.2008.49.3.8 .

^ Wood, Ralph C. (2003). The Gospel According to Tolkien . Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press . p. 55 . ISBN 978-0-664-23466-9 .

^ Gilligan, Kathleen E. (2011). "Temptation and the Ring in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Fellowship of the Ring" . Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy . Abingdon, England: Routledge . 3 (5): 1.

^ Flieger, Verlyn (2004). "Frodo and Aragorn: The Concept of the Hero". In Zimbardo, Rose A.; Isaacs, Neil D. (eds.). Understanding the Lord of the Rings: The Best of Tolkien Criticism . Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin . pp. 122–145. ISBN 978-0-61842-251-7 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d McGregor, Jamie (2011). "Two Rings to Rule Them All: A Comparative Study of Tolkien and Wagner" . Mythlore . East Lansing, Michigan: Mythopoeic Society . 29 (3/4 Spring/Summer): 133–153, Article 10.

^ Morgan, Arthur (1992). "Medieval, Victorian and Modern: Tolkien, Wagner and The Ring". In Gray, Rosemary (ed.). A Tribute to J. R. R. Tolkien . Pretoria: UNISA Medieval Association. pp. 16–28.

^ Honegger, Thomas (2019). More Light than Shadow? . Tolkien: Light and Shadow . Kipple Officina Libraria. pp. 151–154. ISBN 978-88-321-7907-1 .

^ Nelson, Charles W. (2002). "From Gollum to Gandalf: The Guide Figures in J. R. R. Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings" ". Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts . Orlando, Florida: International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts. 13 (1): 47–61. JSTOR 43308562 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Callaway, David (1984). "Gollum: A Misunderstood Hero" . Mythlore . East Lansing, Michigan: Mythopoeic Society . 10 (3).

^ Jump up to: a b Rutledge, Fleming (2004). The Battle for Middle-earth: Tolkien's Divine Design in The Lord of the Rings . Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company . pp. 57–59 "Gollum and the Bondage of the Will". ISBN 978-0-80282-497-4 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Rogers, William N., II; Underwood, Michael R. (2000). Sir George Clark (ed.). Gagool and Gollum: Exemplars of Degeneration in King Solomon's Mines and The Hobbit . J.R.R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances: Views of Middle-earth . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group . pp. 121–132. ISBN 978-0-313-30845-1 .

^ Nelson, Dale (2013) [2007]. "Literary Influences, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment . Abingdon, England: Routledge . pp. 366–377. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1 .

^ Bashir, Nadia; Ahmed, Nadia; Singh, Anushka; Tang, Yen Zhi; Young, Maria; Abba, Amina; Sampson, Elizabeth L. (2004). "A precious case from Middle Earth" . British Medical Journal . London, England: British Medical Association . 329 (7480): 1435–1436. doi : 10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1435 . PMC 535969 . PMID 15604176 .

^ "The Hobbit 1967" . Suggap . Retrieved 1 February 2021 .

^ "File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Gollum.jpg" . Tolkien Gateway . Retrieved 1 February 2021 .

^ "Brother Theodore" . Behind the Voice Actors . Retrieved 20 April 2020 .

^ Gilkeson, Austin (24 April 2019). "Middle-earth's Weirdest Movie: Rankin-Bass' Animated The Return of the King" . Tor.com . Retrieved 7 May 2020 .

^ "Peter Woodthorpe" . Behind the Voice Actors . Retrieved 20 April 2020 .

^ Gilkeson, Austin (13 November 2018). "Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings Brought Tolkien from the Counterculture to the Big Screen" . TOR.com . Retrieved 17 June 2021 .

^ Gilsdorf, Ethan (9 January 2013). "A Very Weird Russian Hobbit from 1985" . Wired . Retrieved 13 April 2020 .

^ Vasilieva, Anna (31 March 2021). " "Хранители" и "Властелин Колец": кто исполнил роли в культовых экранизациях РФ и США" ["Keepers" and "The Lord of the Rings": who played the roles in the cult film adaptations of the Russian Federation and the USA] (in Russian). 5 TV . Retrieved 6 April 2021 .

^ Davis, Rebecca (2021). "Inside the Soviet 'Lord of the Rings': Cast Details Their Epic TV Movie, Uncovered After 30 Years" . Variety. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021 . Retrieved 13 June 2021 .

^ Kajava, Jukka (29 March 1993). "Tolkienin taruista on tehty tv-sarja: Hobitien ilme syntyi jo Ryhmäteatterin Suomenlinnan tulkinnassa" [Tolkien's tales have been turned into a TV series: The Hobbits have been brought to live in the Ryhmäteatteri theatre]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland: Sanoma . (subscription required)

^ Serkis, Andy (2003). Gollum: How We Made Movie Magic . London: Harper Collins . p. 4 . ISBN 0-618-39104-5 .

^ The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Special Extended DVD Edition, The Appendices Part Three: The Journey Continues (DVD). New Line Cinema . 2002.

^ Lewis, Justin (2012). Andy Serkis - The Man Behind the Mask . John Blake. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-78219-089-9 .

^ Truitt, Brian (18 March 2013). "Andy Serkis plays dual roles for 'The Hobbit' " . USA Today . Retrieved 20 April 2020 .

^ Shippey, Tom (2005) [1982]. The Road to Middle-Earth (Third ed.). HarperCollins. p. 422. ISBN 978-0261102750 .

^ "GB Lord Of The Rings: MTV's Gollom Acceptance Speech" . YouTube. 18 May 2008. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021 . Retrieved 17 June 2021 .

^ "2004 Hugo Awards" . The Hugo Awards . Archived from the original on 7 May 2011 . Retrieved 10 April 2014 .

^ Wizard magazine, issue 177, 31 May 2006

^ "13. Gollum" . Empire Online . Bauer Media Group . Retrieved 4 December 2010 .

^ "The Hunt for Gollum, kortfilm fra 2009" . FilmFront . Retrieved 19 July 2020 .

^ Wired Staff (May 2009). "Review: Lord of the Rings Fan Film The Hunt for Gollum is an Impressive Achievement" . Wired . Retrieved 20 April 2020 .

^ Spencer, Charles (20 June 2007). "Lord of the Rings doomed to epic defeat" . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Only Michael Therriault's charismatically creepy and athletic Gollum, and James Loye and Peter Howe who make a touching double act as Frodo Baggins and Sam Gamgee, come to persuasive life.

^ "Doras" . Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts. 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008.

^ "About The Hobbit (Graphic Novel)" . Penguin Random House . Retrieved 13 April 2020 . a destiny that waits in the dark caverns beneath the Misty Mountains, where a twisted creature known as Gollum jealously guards a precious magic ring.

^ Shanley, Patrick (25 March 2019). " 'Lord of the Rings: Gollum' Video Game in the Works From German Studio Daedalic" . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 25 March 2019 .

^ Meyer, Stephen C.; Yri, Kirsten (2020). The Oxford Handbook of Music and Medievalism . Oxford University Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-19-065844-1 .

^ "Erdoğan'a hakarette 'Gollum' cezası: Doktor memuriyetten men edildi" ['Gollum' punishment for insulting Erdogan: Doctor banned from civil service] (in Turkish). Diken. 15 October 2015 . Retrieved 12 December 2015 .

^ Barnett, David (4 December 2015). "Is being compared to Gollum the ultimate insult... or precious praise?" . The Guardian .

^ Denham, Jess (3 December 2015). "Is Gollum good or bad? Peter Jackson wades into Turkish court debate after judge demands character assessment" . The Independent .

^ Shaheen, Kareem (4 December 2015). "Erdoğan's 'Gollum insult' a mistake, says Lord of the Rings director" . The Guardian .

^ Compagno, L. J. V. (1972). " Ctenacis and Gollum , two new genera of sharks (Selachii; Carcharhinidae)" . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . 39 (14): 257–272.

^ Tillier, S.; Ponder, W. F. (1992). "New species of Smeagol from Australia and New Zealand, with discussion of the affinities of the genus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Journal of Molluscan Studies . London, England: Malacological Society of London . 58 (2): 135–155. doi : 10.1093/mollus/58.2.135 .

^ Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo; Fonseca-Ferreira, Rafael; Bichuette, Maria Elina (18 November 2015). "A new highly specialized cave harvestman from Brazil and the first blind species of the genus: Iandumoema smeagol sp. n. (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)" . ZooKeys (537): 79–95. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.537.6073 . PMC 4714048 . PMID 26798238 .

^ "Ansonia smeagol" . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 15 January 2018 . Retrieved 18 July 2018 .

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gollum (Middle-earth) .
Look up Gollum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Gollum is a fictional monster in J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium . He was introduced in the 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit , and became important in its sequel, The Lord of the Rings . Gollum was a Stoor Hobbit [T 1] [T 2] of the River-folk who lived near the Gladden Fields . In The Lord of the Rings it is stated that he was originally known as Sméagol , corrupted by the One Ring , and later named Gollum after his habit of making "a horrible swallowing noise in his throat". [T 3]

Sméagol obtained the Ring by murdering his relative Déagol , who found it in the River Anduin . Gollum referred to the Ring as "my precious" or "precious", and it extended his life far beyond natural limits. Centuries of the Ring's influence twisted Gollum's body and mind, and, by the time of the novels, he "loved and hated [the Ring], as he loved and hated himself." [T 4] Throughout the story, Gollum was torn between his lust for the Ring and his desire to be free of it. Bilbo Baggins found the Ring and took it for his own, and Gollum afterwards pursued it for the rest of his life. Gollum finally seized the Ring from Frodo Baggins at the Cracks of Doom in Mount Doom in Mordor , but he fell into the fires of the volcano, where both he and the Ring were destroyed.

Commentators have described Gollum as a psychological shadow figure for Frodo and as an evil guide in contrast to the wizard Gandalf , the good guide. They have noted, too, that Gollum is not wholly evil, and that he has a part to play in the will of Eru Iluvatar , the omnipotent god of Middle-earth , necessary to the destruction of the Ring. For Gollum's literary origins, scholars have compared Gollum to the shrivelled hag Gagool in Rider Haggard 's 1885 novel King Solomon's Mines and to the subterranean Morlocks in H. G. Wells ' 1895 novel The Time Machine .

In Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings , the name "Sméagol" is said to be a "translation" of the Middle-earth name Trahald (having to do with the idea of "burrowing"), and rendered with a name based on Old English smygel of similar meaning. [2]

The rhyming name of his relative "Déagol" is from Old English : dēagol , meaning "secretive, hidden". [3] In Tolkien's Red Book of Westmarch , the name "Déagol" is supposedly a translation of the "original" name in the author-invented language of Westron , Nahald , with the same meaning. [4]

Gollum was introduced in The Hobbit as "a small, slimy creature" who lived on a small island in an underground lake at the roots of the Misty Mountains . He survived on cave fish, which he caught from a small boat, and small goblins who strayed too far from the stronghold of the Great Goblin . Over the years, his eyes adapted to the dark and became "lamp-like", shining with a sickly pale light. [T 3]

Bilbo Baggins stumbled upon Gollum's lair, having found the Ring in the network of goblin tunnels leading down to the lake. At his wits' end in the dark, Bilbo agreed to a riddle game with Gollum on the chance of being shown the way out of the mountains. [T 3] In the first edition of The Hobbit , Gollum's size is not stated. [5] Originally, he was also characterised as being less bound to the Ring than in later versions; he offered to give the Ring to Bilbo if he lost the riddle game, and he showed Bilbo the way out of the mountains after losing. To fit the concept of the ruling Ring that emerged during the writing of The Lord of the Rings , Tolkien revised later editions of The Hobbit . The version of the story given in the first edition became the lie that Bilbo made up to justify his possession of the Ring to the Dwarves and Gandalf .

In the new version, Gollum pretended that he would show Bilbo the way out if he lost the riddle-game, but he actually planned to use the Ring to kill and eat him. Discovering the Ring missing, he suddenly realised the answer to Bilbo's last riddle — "What have I got in my pocket?" — and flew into a rage. Bilbo inadvertently discovered the Ring's power of invisibility as he fled, allowing him to follow Gollum undetected to a back entrance of the caves. Gollum was convinced that Bilbo knew the way out all along, and hoped to intercept him near the entrance, lest the goblins apprehend Bilbo and find the Ring. Bilbo at first thought to kill Gollum in order to escape, but was overcome with pity, and so merely leaped over him. As Bilbo escaped, Gollum cried out, "Thief, Thief, Thief! Baggins! We hates it, we hates it, we hates it forever!" [T 3]

Gollum's real name was Sméagol, and he had once been a member of the secluded branch of the early Stoorish Hobbits . He spent the early years of his life with his extended family under a matriarch , his grandmother. On Sméagol's birthday, he and his relative Déagol went fishing in the Gladden Fields . There, Déagol found the Ring in the riverbed after being pulled into the water by a fish. Sméagol fell immediately under the Ring's influence and demanded it as a birthday present; when Déagol refused, Sméagol strangled him. [T 2] [T 4]

Sméagol later used the Ring for thieving, spying and antagonising his friends and relatives, who nicknamed him "Gollum" for the swallowing noise he made in his throat, until his grandmother disowned him. He wandered in the wilderness for a few years until he finally retreated to a deep cavern in the Misty Mountains . The Ring's malignant influence twisted his body and mind, and prolonged his life well beyond its natural limits. [T 4]

Gollum left his cave in pursuit of Bilbo a few years after losing the Ring, but the trail was cold. He made his way to the edge of Mordor , where he met the monstrous spider Shelob and became her spy, worshipping her and bringing her food. He was eventually captured by Sauron's forces and tortured, revealing to Sauron the names of "Baggins" and "the Shire ". His testimony alerted Sauron to the existence and significance of hobbits in general and the Baggins family in particular. He was freed, but was soon caught by Gandalf and Aragorn , who interrogated him about the Ring and placed him in the care of the Wood Elves of Mirkwood . He escaped from them (with the help of Sauron's Orcs ) and descended into Moria . [T 4]

Gollum began following the Fellowship of the Ring in Moria, but was noticed by Frodo Baggins , Gandalf, and Aragorn. He trailed
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