Shia Muslim
👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Shia" and "Shias" redirect here. For other uses, see Shia (disambiguation) .
"Shia Islamism" redirects here. For Islamism in Iran , see Islamic fundamentalism in Iran .
Further information: The Four Companions
^ A 2019 Council on Foreign Relations article states: "Nobody really knows the size of the Shiite population in Nigeria. Credible estimates that its numbers range between 2 and 3 percent of Nigeria’s population, which would amount to roughly four million." [138] A 2019 BBC News article said that "Estimates of [Nigerian Shia] numbers vary wildly, ranging from less than 5% to 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population of about 100 million." [139]
^ Olawuyi, Toyib (2014). On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr . p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4928-5884-3 . Archived from the original on 22 April 2016.
^ "The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman" . www.alhewar.com . Archived from the original on 27 July 2016 . Retrieved 18 June 2016 .
^ "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism" . BBC News . 4 January 2016 . Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
^ Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam". Oxford University Press, 2002 | ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0 . p. 40
^ "From the article on Shii Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online" . Oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on 28 May 2012 . Retrieved 4 May 2011 .
^ Goldziher, I., Arendonk, C. van and Tritton, A.S. (2012). "Ahl al- Bayt". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi : 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378 . CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ( link )
^ "Lesson 13: Imam's Traits" . Al-Islam.org . 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015.
^ Tabataba'i (1979), p. 76
^ God's rule: the politics of world religions , p. 146, Jacob Neusner, 2003
^ Esposito, John. What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam , Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0 . p. 40
^ "Mapping the Global Muslim Population" . 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 14 December 2015 . Retrieved 10 December 2014 . The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%.
^ Newman, Andrew J. (2013). "Introduction" . Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722 . Edinburgh University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7486-7833-4 . Archived from the original on 1 May 2016 . Retrieved 13 October 2015 .
^ Guidère, Mathieu (2012). Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism . Scarecrow Press. p. 319. ISBN 978-0-8108-7965-2 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Jacob E. Safra, Chairman of the Board, 15th Edition, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998, ISBN 0-85229-663-0 , Vol 10, p. 738
^ Duncan S. Ferguson (2010). Exploring the Spirituality of the World Religions: The Quest for Personal, Spiritual and Social Transformation . Bloomsbury Academic. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-4411-4645-8 .
^ Wehr, Hans. "Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic" . Archive.org . p. 498 . Retrieved 31 July 2019 .
^ Shiʻa is an alternative spelling of Shia , and Shiʻite of Shiite . In subsequent sections, the spellings Shia and Shiite are adopted for consistency, except where the alternative spelling is in the title of a reference.
^ "Difference Between The Meaning Of Shia And Shiite ?" . English forums . Archived from the original on 31 July 2019 . Retrieved 31 July 2019 .
^ Tabataba'i 1977 , p. 34 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTabataba'i1977 ( help )
^ Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 , p. 97
^ Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 , p. 98
^ Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). Shia political thought . London: Islamic Centre of England. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-904934-01-1 . OCLC 59136662 .
^ Cornell 2007 , p. 218
^ Momen 1985 , p. 15
^ Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). "Shiʻite Doctrine" . Iranicaonline.org. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015 . Retrieved 22 January 2019 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Wendy Doniger, Consulting Editor, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, Springfield, MA 1999, ISBN 0-87779-044-2 , LoC: BL31.M47 1999, p. 525
^ Jump up to: a b "Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0 . p. 46
^ Ali, Abbas (ed.). "Respecting the Righteous Companions" . A Shi'ite Encyclopedia . Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020 – via al-islam.org.
^ Ja'fariyan, Rasul (2014). "Umars Caliphate" . History of the Caliphs . p. 290. ISBN 978-1-312-54108-5 . Lay summary – alseraj.net . Abu Hatin al-Razi says, "It is the appellation of those who were attached to Ali during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, such as Salman, Abu Dharr Ghifari, Miqdad ibn al-Aswad and Ammar ibn Yasir and others. Concerning these four, the Messenger of Allah had declared, 'The paradise is eager for four men: Salman, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, and Ammar.'"
^ Zwettler, Michael (1990). "A Mantic Manifesto: The Sura of "The Poets" and the Qur'anic Foundations of Prophetic Authority" . Poetry and Prophecy: The Beginnings of a Literary Tradition . Cornell University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-8014-9568-7 .
^ Rubin, Uri (1995). The Eye of the Beholder: The life of Muhammad as viewed by the early Muslims . Princeton, New Jersey: The Darwin Press Inc. pp. 135 –38. ISBN 978-0-87850-110-6 .
^ Razwy, Sayed Ali Asgher. A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims . pp. 54–55.
^ Rubin (1995 , p. 137)
^ Irving, Washington (1868), Mahomet and His Successors , I , New York: G. P. Putnam and Son, p. 71
^ Rubin (1995 , pp. 136–37)
^ Jump up to: a b Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (2014). Kate Fleet; Gundrun Krämer ; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.). " " Ghadīr Khumm" in: Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE". doi : 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 . Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
^ "The Event of Ghadir Khumm in the Qur'an, Hadith, History" . islamawareness.net . Archived from the original on 7 January 2006 . Retrieved 2 September 2005 .
^ "After the death of Allah 's Apostle Fatima the daughter of Allah's Apostle asked Abu Bakr As-Siddiq to give her, her share of inheritance from what Allah's Apostle had (p. 1) – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)" . Archived from the original on 10 October 2017.
^ "Lesson 8: The Shiʻah among the Companions {sahabah}" . Al-Islam.org . February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
^ "Chapter 3: State of Affairs in Saqifah after the Death of the Prophet" . Al-Islam.org . 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
^ "Did Imam Ali Give Allegiance to Abu Bakr?" . Islamic Insights. 8 December 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017.
^ Riz̤vī, Sayyid Sa'eed Ak̲h̲tar. Slavery: From Islamic & Christian Perspectives. Richmond, British Columbia: Vancouver Islamic Educational Foundation, 1988. Print. ISBN 0-920675-07-7 pp. 35–36
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2017 . Retrieved 14 June 2017 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ Shaikh, Asif. Sahaba: The Companion. n.p., n.d. Print. pp. 42–45
^ Peshawar Nights
^ A list composed of sources such as Ibn Hajar Asqalani and Baladhuri, each in his Ta'rikh, Muhammad Bin Khawind Shah in his Rauzatu's-Safa, Ibn Abdu'l-Birr in his Isti'ab
^ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, vol. 3, p. 208; Ayoub, 2003, 21
^ The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Jacob E. Safra, Chairman of the Board, 15th Edition, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998, ISBN 0-85229-663-0 , Vol 10, p. tid738
^ M. Ishaq, "Hakim Bin Jabala - An Heroic Personality of Early Islam", Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, pp. 145-50, (April 1955).
^ Derryl N. Maclean," Religion and Society in Arab Sind ", p. 126, BRILL, (1989) ISBN 90-04-08551-3 .
^ چچ نامہ، سندھی ادبی بورڈ، صفحہ 102، جامشورو، (2018)
^ Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg, "The Chachnama", p. 43, The Commissioner's Press, Karachi (1900).
^ Ibn Athir, Vol. 3, pp. 45–46, 381, as cited in: S. A. N. Rezavi, " The Shia Muslims ", in History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. 2, Part. 2: "Religious Movements and Institutions in Medieval India", Chapter 13, Oxford University Press (2006).
^ Ibn Sa'd, 8:346. The raid is noted by Baâdhurî, "fatooh al-Baldan" p. 432, and Ibn Khayyât, Ta'rîkh, 1:173, 183–84, as cited in: Derryl N. Maclean," Religion and Society in Arab Sind ", p. 126, BRILL, (1989) ISBN 90-04-08551-3 .
^ Tabarî, 2:129, 143, 147, as cited in: Derryl N. Maclean," Religion and Society in Arab Sind ", p. 126, Brill, (1989) ISBN 90-04-08551-3 .
^ " " Solhe Emam Hassan"-Imam Hassan Sets Peace" . Archived from the original on 11 March 2013.
^ تهذیب التهذیب . p. 271.
^ Madelung, Wilfred (2003). "Ḥasan b. ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb". Encyclopædia Iranica . Retrieved 7 November 2018 .
^ Discovering Islam: making sense of Muslim history and society (2002) Akbar S. Ahmed
^ Religious trends in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, By Ghulam Mustafa (Hafiz.), p. 11 Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine , Author writes: Similarly, swords were also placed on the Idols, as it is related that Harith b. Abi Shamir, the Ghassanid king, had presented his two swords, called Mikhdham and Rasub, to the image of the goddess, Manat....to note that the famous sword of Ali, the fourth caliph, called Dhu-al-Fiqar, was one of these two swords
^ Jump up to: a b "امامت از منظر متکلّمان شیعی و فلاسفه اسلامی" . پرتال جامع علوم انسانی (in Persian) . Retrieved 28 August 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b Nasr (1979), p. 10
^ Jump up to: a b Momen 1985 , p. 174
^ عسکری, سید مرتضی. ولایت علی در قرآن کریم و سنت پیامبر، مرکز فرهنگی انتشاراتی منیر، چاپ هفتم .
^ Corbin 1993, pp. 45–51
^ Nasr (1979), p. 15
^ Jump up to: a b Gleave, Robert (2004). "Imamate". Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 . MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-02-865604-5 .
^ See: Lapidus p. 47, Holt p. 72
^ Francis Robinson, Atlas of the Islamic World , p. 23.
^ Jafri, S.H. Mohammad. "The Origin and Early Development of Shiʻa Islam,", Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-19-579387-1
^ "نقد و بررسى گرایش ایلخانان به اسلام و تشیّع" . پرتال جامع علوم انسانی (in Persian) . Retrieved 28 August 2021 .
^ "The Five Kingdoms of the Bahmani Sultanate" . orbat.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007 . Retrieved 5 January 2007 .
^ Ansari, N.H. "Bahmanid Dynasty" Archived 19 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Iranica
^ Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). Worlds Together Worlds Apart . 500 Fifth Ave, NY: W.W. Norton Company Inc. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-393-91847-2 . CS1 maint: location ( link )
^ Chodorow, Stanley; Knox, MacGregor; Shirokauer, Conrad; Strayer, Joseph R.; Gatzke, Hans W. (1994). The Mainstream of Civilization . Harcourt Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-15-501197-7 . The architect of his military system was a general named Jawhar, an islamicized Greek slave who had led the conquest of North Africa and then of Egypt
^ Fossier, Robert – Sondheimer, Janet – Airlie, Stuart – Marsack, Robyn (1997). The Cambridge illustrated history of the Middle Ages . Cambridge University Press. p. 170 . ISBN 978-0-521-26645-1 . When the Sicilian Jawhar finally entered Fustat in 969 and the following year founded the new dynastic capital, Cairo, 'The Victorious', the Fatimids ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
^ Saunders, John Joseph (1990). A History of Medieval Islam . Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-415-05914-5 . Under Muʼizz (955-975) the Fatimids reached the height of their glory, and the universal triumph of isma ʻilism appeared not far distant. The fourth Fatimid Caliph is an attractive character: humane and generous, simple and just, he was a good administrator, tolerant and conciliatory. Served by one of the greatest generals of the age, Jawhar al-Rumi, a former Greek slave, he took fullest advantage of the growing confusion in the Sunnite world.
^ Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2010). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire . Infobase Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7 . Archived from the original on 16 May 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2015 .
^ Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808 . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29163-7 . Archived from the original on 11 January 2017 . Retrieved 10 February 2018 .
^ Francis Robinson, Atlas of the Muslim World , p. 49.
^ Momen 1985 , p. 123
^ Momen 1985 , pp. 191, 130
^ "Druze and Islam" . americandruze.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011 . Retrieved 12 August 2010 .
^ "Ijtihad in Islam" . AlQazwini.org. Archived from the original on 2 January 2005 . Retrieved 12 August 2010 .
^ "Shiʻite Islam," by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, translated by Sayyid Husayn Nasr, State University of New York Press, 1975, p. 24
^ Dakake (2008), pp. 1–2
^ In his "Mutanabbi devant le siècle ismaëlien de l'Islam", in Mém. de l'Inst Français de Damas, 1935, p.
^ tebyan.net, موسسه فرهنگی واطلاع رسانی تبیان | (9 December 2010). "اضافه شدن نام حضرت علی (ع) به شهادتین" . fa . Retrieved 28 August 2021 .
^ quran 5:55
^ "Verse of Wilayah" . Archived from the original on 24 January 2020 . Retrieved 11 October 2018 .
^ Dabashi, Theology of Discontent , p. 463
^ Francis Robinson, Atlas of the Muslim World , p. 47.
^ "Shīʿite" . Britannica . Archived from the original on 20 July 2019 . Retrieved 21 July 2019 .
^ Quran 33:33
^ Momen 1985 , p. 155
^ Corbin (1993), pp. 48 and 49
^ Dabashi (2006), p. 463
^ Corbin (1993), p. 48
^ "Part 1: The Perfect Man" . Al-Islam.org . 27 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012.
^ How do Sunnis and Shias differ theologically? Archived 17 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine Last updated 2009-08-19, BBC religions
^ Nasr, Sayyed Hossein. "Expectation of the Millennium : Shiìsm in History,", State University of New York Press, 1989, p. 19, ISBN 978-0-88706-843-0
^ "Comparison of Shias and Sunnis" . Religionfacts.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011 . Retrieved 4 May 2011 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Al-Kulayni, Abu Jaʼfar Muhammad ibn Yaʼqub (2015). Kitab al-Kafi . South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. ISBN 978-0-9914308-6-4 .
^ "Learn to do Shia Prayer – Islamic Prayer – Shia Salat" . Revertmuslims.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 4 May 2011 .
^ "Joining Prayers and Other Related Issues" . Al-islam.org. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012 . Retrieved 4 May 2011 .
^ "The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions," Brandon Toropov, Father Luke Buckles, Alpha; 3rd edition, 2004, ISBN 978-1-59257-222-9 , p. 135
^ "Shiʻite Islam" by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (1979), pp. 41–44
^ Jurisprudence and Law – Islam Reorienting the Veil, University of North Carolina (2009)
^ "Religions" . CIA . The World Factbook . 2010. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 .
^ "Shīʿite" . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . 2010. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population" . Pew Research Center . 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 14 December 2015 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g
Miller, Tracy, ed. (October 2009). Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population (PDF) . Pew Research Center . Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2010 . Retrieved 8 October 2009 .
^ Momen 1985 , p. 277
^ Jump up to: a b "Foreign Affairs – When the Shiites Rise – Vali Nasr" . Mafhoum.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014 . Retrieved 27 January 2014 .
^ "Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias" . BBC News . 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008.
^ Atlas of the Middle East (Second ed.). Washington, DC: National Geographic . 2008. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-1-4262-0221-6 .
^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2010" . U.S. Government Department of State. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019 . Retrieved 17 November 2010 .
^ "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012" . US State Department . 2012.
^ "The New Middle East, Turkey, and the Search for Regional Stability" (PDF) . Strategic Studies Institute . April 2008. p. 87. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 March 2015.
^ Shankland, David (2003). The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition . Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1606-7 .
^ "Country Profile: Pakistan" (PDF) . Library of Congress Country Studies on Pakistan . Library of Congress . February 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2005 . Retrieved 1 September 2010 . Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.3 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 95 percent are Sunni and 5 percent Shia.
^ "Shia women too can initiate divorce" (PDF) . Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2014 . Retrieved 27 August 2010 . Religion: Virtually the entire population is Muslim. Between 80 and 85 percent of Muslims are Sunni and 15 to 19 percent, Shia.
^ "Afghanistan" . Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) . The World Factbook on Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010 . Retrieved 27 August 2010 . Religions: Sunni M
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Shia_Islam
Ssh Add Private Key
Granny Best Lucia
Mother The Son Sex The Kitchen
Shia Islam - Wikipedia
History of Shia Islam - Wikipedia
What is Shia Islam? | GotQuestions.org
Shia (Shi'a) Muslim Countries - WorldAtlas
Shi'a Islam Origins, Shi'a Islam History, Shi'a Islam Beliefs
Shia Islam: Beliefs & Quotes | Study.com
Key Differences Between Shia and Sunni Muslims
BBC - Religions - Islam: Sunni and Shi'a
9 misconceptions about Shia Islam that need to stop! - The ...
Shia Muslim
