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Azerbaijan has two 21st-century resorts. Both are named for but not actually on locally famous mountains. Tufandag Resort is on the northern edge of Qabala. Mark Elliott visited both at the start of the season to highlight their key features. In contrast, Tufandag threads mostly steep narrow black or red runs through the forests from the top of two minor sub-peaks. For the ski experience and reliability of snow, Shahdag probably wins out, though both have artificial snow canons to ensure sufficient powder for the main season. Both places are great for their surroundings. A few kilometres beyond Shahdag resort is the lovely village of Laza with a series of long waterfalls that look very pretty when frozen and have been used by ice-climbers. Tufandag combines a rural ambience with easy urban accessibility. The seven primary Tufandag pistes P1-P7, total 9km are black or tough red runs, with some very challenging descents that seem designed to offer a venue for world-class competitions. Two more black runs are in the pipeline, one of which will open this year. There are also 5. For those who are less than confident, the only really easy option is the P8, a wide gentle 1. The highest point is Yatmish Gozal at m, offering a descent to the Riverside Hotel of m. A combination of W2 and P7 combined 4. The maximum vertical drop is currently m. Both resorts have two possible start points from which you can nip onto the lifts. Tickets are sold at the bottom level of the Shahdag Hotel. At Qabala the most accessible access is the Riverside ropeway station m , but you can also get onto two different ski lifts from the Tufandag Hotel m. The station is hidden away behind the hotel — take the elevator directly to the 4th floor to find it. Both routes have some very attractive sections, notably the woodland ridges and field-patchworks around Ismayilli en route to Qabala and the dramatic sight of the Shahdag Massif ahead as you head inland from Qusar. From Qusar bus station to Shahdag resort takes some 35 minutes - taxi drivers generally want 15 to 20AZN westbound though we recently found a ride for just 10AZN. In the morning there is usually a crowded Laza-Qusar shared jeep which might cost as little as 3AZN per seat. Both centres have good quality, relatively new equipment for hire or sale. Goggles are available for purchase from 45AZN but not for hire. Rental prices are lower at Tufandag whose two ski-rental places at the base of the Riverside Ropeway and in the rear upper section of the Tufandag Hotel both charge the same rates: a package including skis, boots, poles, helmet, jacket and trousers plus a one day ski pass costs 45AZN. The rental shops have lockers where you can leave your clothes and valuables while on the piste. Generally these are free if you hire a full set of equipment and at Tufandag if you simply buy a ski pass, but at Shahdag there is a nominal locker fee if you come with your own gear. Typically the ski season is from mid-December through February with March a possibility but with steadily deteriorating snow conditions as that month progresses. At Tufandag the best hope is at the viewpoint two minutes walk above Yatmish Gozal — a second slide-down on plastic sledges that you can rent at the upper ski station for 10AZN. On the 7th floor of the Park Chalet hotel, Aspen Bar is worth checking out for views. In general prices seem more affordable in the Qabala resort area. Its visual trademarks are antler-chandeliers and golden stag-head busts on the walls. At Shahdag all mountain options are limited to the ski season. Hidden away upstairs with few signs, the plusher Rahat bar has cream-linen sofas and the same appealing piste views but no outside seating. As the name might imply, suavely modernist Tufandag Hotel is ideal for Tufandag and the complex also operates three super-exclusive cottages on the mountaintop beside the upper L1 lift. Both are open year-round. Very rustic village homestays are available in Laza village for around 20AZN including food. White Winter Weekends. Tufandag Hotel in Qabala. A chairlift and snow machine at Shahdag. A gondola station at Tufandag. The Park Chalet right and Shahdag left hotels at Shahdag ski resort. The Zirve Lift Base area at Shahdag. How useful was this blog? Related Tours. Read the latest from our blog. Iron in the ground gives t Leave a comment. Cost Comparison. Shahdag Zirve. Shahdag Ski-Set. Shahdag Sport System. Tufandag Riverside.

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Shamakhi buying powder

The results of this experiment hinge on an assumption by the authors that the muzzle velocity of a Brown Bess was 1, feet per second. But we have a reliable source. Benjamin Robins invented the ballistic pendulum in the early 18th century, and his book New Principles of Gunnery contains the results of his experiments. His results ranged between 1, and 1, feet per second. This flies in the face of the common assumption that modern gunpowder is more powerful than historical powder. Modern powder may be more chemically pure, but the power of gunpowder is linked to the size of the powder grains. Very fine grains burn fast and larger grains burn more slowly. The optimal grain size for maximum power depend on the size and strength of the barrel. The authors found that by mixing two types of modern powder together, the musket achieved a higher muzzle velocity. They posit that this is because each powder has its own pressure curve. Combing the powder combined the pressure curves, increasing the time that the bullet was under maximum pressure. Perhaps the impurities and inconsistent grain size in historical powders made them stronger, not weaker. Like in the Graz tests , the maximum range was calculated mathematically, not actually tested. He warns anyone wishing to replicate his tests that when he first conducted them using a standard musket barrel, they could only withstand a few shots before bursting. He writes that to continue with his tests, he had a barrel custom made for him whose wall thickness was equal to the bore diameter i. This means the barrel he used would have weighed something like 40 pounds. For these two reasons, I tend to suspect that the velocity measurements Robins reports were not typical of muzzle velocities achieved by Brown Bess muskets, especially ones firing military loads, where the ball diameter was typically 0. Like Like. Also worth noting the recoil of the brown bess,mass times veoocity, about 3 times that of modern assault rifle. The damage done by brown bess dall must have been horrendous no doubt penetrating 2 to 3 bodies at optimum range 50 to yards. Yeah Brown Bess recoil is no big deal, much like a Snider. It was the first larger caliber my son ever fired after getting acquainted with a. I suppose with a muzzle loading gun there is some latitude re. Energy depending on the numder of grains of black powder which u cannot have with a cartridge. I believe that seventeenth-century Venetian records are catty about the quality of captured Ottoman powder although it was not the Venetians who won those wars. There are various accounts of the performance of this early form of firearm and its tactical deployment e. Hanger The research found the Brown Bess musket to be a lethal weapon at the ranges at which enemy was commonly engaged, so long as it was accurate enough to hit the target. A single shot fired at yards could penetrate at least two soldiers, even if bone were hit. The armour of the day shields of wood, leather and sometimes steel, and the layers of woollen clothing was easily pierced by the shot. The shot was found to readily deform on impact with metal targets. The maximum range could extend to around m, with m reached when fired horizontally. Share this: Twitter Facebook. Like Loading Brown bess circa, grain ball at fps muzzle energy ft lbs! Modern nato round such as the sa80,63 grain ball , fps muzzle energy ft lbs. Also worth noting the recoil of the brown bess,mass times veoocity, about 3 times that of modern assault rifle The damage done by brown bess dall must have been horrendous no doubt penetrating 2 to 3 bodies at optimum range 50 to yards. Because of the heavy weight and broad butt plate experienced recoil is low Like Like. Leave a comment. Comment Reblog Subscribe Subscribed. Bow Vs. Sign me up. Already have a WordPress. Log in now.

Shamakhi buying powder