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Sexy dans son sari
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

^ "Box Office 1983" . Box Office India . 15 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013.

^ Dwyer, Rachel (2006). Filming the Gods: Religion and Indian Cinema . Routledge . p. 127. ISBN 9781134380701 .

^ "Amitabh Bachchan wanted Rajkumar to act in Coolie" . The Times of India .

^ "Dr Raj Leader of golden era" . indiaglitz.com .

^ Kowshik, Priyamvada (24 November 2015). "I have liver cirrhosis and am surviving on just 25 per cent of my liver: Amitabh Bachchan" . India Today . Retrieved 6 December 2015 .

^ Sampath, Parinatha (2 August 2013). "Amitabh Bachchan's near-fatal accident" . The Times of India . Retrieved 6 December 2015 .

^ Ronamai, Raymond (10 October 2012). "I Was Clinically Dead for a Couple of Minutes, Says Amitabh Bachchan" . International Business Times . Retrieved 6 December 2015 .

^ "BoxOffice India.com" . 1 February 2009. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009 . Retrieved 15 October 2021 .

^ "The Best Films Of Rishi Kapoor - Bobby Has Historic Numbers" . boxofficeindia.com. 1 May 2020 . Retrieved 1 May 2020 .

^ "Infinity War Dominates - 102 Not Out Slow Start" . 4 May 2018 . Retrieved 4 May 2018 .

^ Mitra, Sumit (31 May 1984). "Manmohan Desai and Prakash Mehra stand out as remarkable survivors with big budget films" . India Today . Retrieved 18 April 2014 .

^ "Coolie 1983 Movie Lifetime Worldwide Collection" . Retrieved 15 October 2021 .



Janam Janam Ke Phere (1957)
Chhalia (1960)
Bluff Master (1963)
Budtameez (1966)
Kismat (1968)
Sachaa Jhutha (1970)
Shararat (1972)
Bhai Ho To Aisa (1972)
Raampur Ka Lakshman (1972)
Aa Gale Lag Jaa (1973)
Roti (1974)
Dharam Veer (1977)
Chacha Bhatija (1977)
Amar Akbar Anthony (1977)
Parvarish (1977)
Suhaag (1979)
Naseeb (1981)
Desh Premee (1982)
Coolie (1983)
Mard (1985)
Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati (1988)

Coolie is a 1983 Indian action-comedy film , directed by Manmohan Desai and written by Kader Khan . The film stars Amitabh Bachchan as Iqbal Aslam Khan, a railway coolie , with supporting roles played by Rishi Kapoor , Rati Agnihotri , Shoma Anand , Kader Khan , Waheeda Rehman , Suresh Oberoi and Puneet Issar .

The film was a major blockbuster upon release. The film is infamous for a fight scene with co-star Puneet Issar, during which Amitabh Bachchan had a near-fatal injury due to a miscalculated
jump.

A wealthy, but evil man named Zafar Khan, has fallen in love with a girl named Salma and wants to marry her, but she and her father did not let him. Zafar was arrested for various crimes and was imprisoned for 10 years, but when he is released, he sees that Salma is married to a good man named Aslam Khan. Zafar Khan wants to convince Salma to marry him but Salma refuses. Zafar murders Salma's father and plots his revenge by flooding the region in which Salma lives, nearly killing Aslam and injuring Salma, causing her to lose her memory. During this catastrophe, Salma is also separated from her young son Iqbal. On a railway platform, Iqbal attempts to go after her on foot while Salma is on a train, but he slips and the train leaves the platform. Zafar abducts Salma and tells the world she is his wife. He also adopts an infant from an orphanage in Kanpur, a boy named Sunny, for Salma to raise on the advice of a psychiatrist. Meanwhile, Iqbal is reunited with his uncle, who has lost his wife and son in the flood. In the process of a heated fight, Iqbal's uncle has lost his right arm, to which Iqbal tells him he will serve as his uncle's right arm from the present onward. The uncle will raise Iqbal as his own, as they have no more family. In the events of the flood, Iqbal's uncle's wife and son were killed.

Years pass, and Iqbal and his uncle work as coolies. Iqbal has grown up to be a dashing, confident young man, and is considered the leader of the local coolies. During an incident with a man named Mr. Puri, a coolie is beaten up badly, to which Iqbal is infuriated. Mr. Puri is beaten up, but Iqbal is wrongfully imprisoned for his actions. On the same day, however, he is set free. He organizes a labor strike, which brings the station to its knees. Sunny, a young, budding reporter, is covering the story. While speaking to Sunny, Iqbal sees a picture of Sunny's mother who turns out to be Salma. In another attempt to get Salma back, Iqbal rushes to her house to bring her back after all these years, but, to his horror, Salma does not recognize him. Zafar is infuriated at Iqbal's trespass. His crooks, disguised as police officers, near-fatally beat Iqbal, while he takes Salma to the psychiatrist to administer electric shocks on her so that her memory never returns. Sunny threatens to publish all of Zafar's crimes in the newspapers the following day if he does not return Salma to him.

Iqbal and Sunny become friends, and both find love; Iqbal with a Christian girl Julie D'Costa and Sunny with his childhood sweetheart, Deepa. Meanwhile, Aslam has been imprisoned for a crime he did not commit. When he is finally let out, Julie tries to kill him in a graveyard because she thought he had murdered her father, John D'Costa, but, as the revolver is empty, she cannot fire. Aslam explains that Zafar had murdered her father, and framed Aslam, to which Julie believes him. Things are looking up, but the coolies uncover a banking and housing scandal against them. After a series of run-ins with the corrupt parties, Iqbal finds himself in a fight to the death with Zafar. Salma returns at a very pivotal scene in the film, during the election standoff between the communist workers under Iqbal and the capitalist lords under Zafar with her old memories intact and she publicly testifies against Zafar and how he destroyed her family. In the crowd is an old man, who turns out to be Iqbal's long-lost father Aslam. Also, Iqbal's uncle recognizes a birthmark on Sunny, proving that Sunny was indeed the son he thought he had lost in the great flood. The family is reunited, much to the fury of Zafar, who then proceeds to shoot Aslam but accidentally shoots and kills Iqbal's beloved mamu (maternal uncle) who cared for him in his youth. Zafar then abducts Salma. Iqbal and Sunny both chase after the evildoers, killing Mr. Puri (who dies from a heart attack due to the mental pressure of the chase) and Vicky (who falls out of Zafar's car and fatally hits his head on a truck) in the process, until Iqbal corners Zafar in a masjid . The holy shroud from the dargah shrine flies onto Iqbal's chest, and Iqbal defiantly faces Zafar with the belief in God's protection from harm with His name on his chest. He is shot several times by Zafar, but he continues to chase Zafar up the minaret , saying a part of the shahada with each shot. With the last of his strength, he cries the takbir and pushes Zafar off the parapet , killing him instantly, and Iqbal collapses into his mother's arms. Coolies from all faiths pray hard for his recovery, and Iqbal recovers from his injuries to the joy of all.

Shabbir Kumar was used for the first time to provide playback for Amitabh Bachchan.

The script was written by Kader Khan , who also stars as the film's antagonist. In addition to having Bachchan play a Muslim protagonist, Khan incorporated elements of Islamic Sufi mysticism into the script, including various Sufi motifs and references. [2]

Before the film started Bachchan asked Kannada legendary actor Rajkumar to make his cameo in the film. [3] [4] There was mutual respect between Amitabh and Rajkumar and they were both admirers of each other.

The film became famous even before its release when Amitabh Bachchan was critically injured on 26 July 1982 in the intestines while filming a fight scene with co-star Puneet Issar at the Bangalore University campus, which almost cost him his life.

In the fight scene, Bachchan was supposed to fall onto a table but miss-timed his jump. This resulted in an internal abdominal injury. He was transferred to a Mumbai hospital, where according to the actor, he went into a "haze and coma-like situation", and was "clinically dead for a couple of minutes".

While he was in the hospital, there were reports of widespread mourning, and prayers were offered by many Indians in the country and abroad. According to reports, Rajiv Gandhi canceled a trip to the United States to be with him.

Bachchan received 60 bottles of blood from 200 donors, one of whom was carrying the Hepatitis B virus. Bachchan recovered from the accident but discovered in 2000 that the virus had resulted in cirrhosis of the liver, which damaged about 75% of his liver. Bachchan later spoke out about his experience to raise awareness about the Hepatitis B vaccine. [5]

Despite the critical injury, Bachchan recovered remarkably and resumed shooting on 7 January 1983. In the final cut of the film, the fight scene during which he got injured was frozen and a message appears marking the scene as the one in which he was injured. Manmohan Desai did this on Amitabh's wish.

Due to Bachchan's injury, the ending was also changed. The original script showed Amitabh dying after Kader Khan shot him. But later on, after the injury-and-recovery episode, Manmohan Desai , thinking that this would have a negative impact on the movie as well as a bad feeling in the audience, decided to change the ending. The modified ending has the hero recover after his operation. [6] [7]

The music was by Laxmikant-Pyarelal and the lyrics were penned by Anand Bakshi. Manmohan Desai put Shabbir Kumar as a singer for multiple songs in the soundtrack due to the fact that his voice sounded like Mohammed Rafi's voice, who Manmohan admired as a singer.

It was the highest grossing Bollywood film of 1983, with ₹ 180 million (US$17.76 million) in gross revenue. It was declared "super-hit" by Boxoffice India in 2009. [8] The film made over ₹ 10 million (US$986,397.58) per territory, a rare achievement for the time and was a huge blockbuster. [9] [10] In 1984, it was estimated that the film had sold 70 million tickets. [11] According to Bollyviewsyt.com , the film was an "All Time Blockbuster" in reference to the time of its release. [12]

Kader Khan Smt. Jeevanprabha M. Desai K.K. Shukla
Aasia Films Pvt. Ltd. M.K.D. Films Combine
"Sari Duniya Ka Bojh Hum Uthate Hai"


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Collective term for the tribes of India who are considered indigenous people of India
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Adivasi" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( June 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ Barnes: "Although regarded by some British scholars as inferior to caste Hindus, the status of "adivasis" in practice most often paralleled that of the Hindus [...] In areas where they accounted for a large proportion of the population, adivasis often wielded considerable ritual and political power, being involved in investiture of various kings and rulers throughout central India and Rajasthan [...] In central India there were numerous "adivasi" kingdoms, some of which survived from medieval times to the nineteenth century. [3]

^ ;Educational & Cultural Safeguards
The Hindu Marriage Act is not applicable to the members of the Scheduled Tribe as per Section 2(2) of the Hindu Marriage Act. If that be so, the directions issued by the Family Court under Section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act is not applicable to the appellant."
Art. 15(4) – Special provisions for advancement of other backward classes (which includes STs);
Art. 29 – Protection of Interests of Minorities (which includes STs);
Art. 46 – The State shall promote, with special care, the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes, and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation,
Art. 350 – Right to conserve distinct Language, Script or Culture;
Art. 350 – Instruction in Mother Tongue.

Social Safeguard
Art. 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and beggar and other similar form of forced labour
Art. 24 – Forbidding Child Labour.

Economic Safeguards
Art.244 – Clause(1) Provisions of Fifth Schedule shall apply to the administration & control of the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in any State other than the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura which are covered under Sixth Schedule, under Clause * (2) of this Article.
Art. 275 – Grants in-Aid to specified States (STs &SAs) covered under Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution.

Political Safeguards
Art.164 (1) – Provides for Tribal Affairs Ministers in Bihar, MP and Orissa
Art. 330 – Reservation of seats for STs in Lok Sabha
Art. 332 – Reservation of seats for STs in State Legislatures
Art. 334 – 10 years period for reservation (Amended several times to extend the period
Art. 243 – Reservation of seats in Panchayats
Art. 371 – Special provisions in respect of NE States and Sikkim
Fifth and Sixth schedules of Indian constitution

Safeguards under Various laws
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,1989 and the Rules 1995 framed there under.
Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976 (in respect of Scheduled Tribes);
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act1986;
States Acts & Regulations concerning alienation & restoration of land belonging to STs;
Forest Conservation Act 1980; Forests Right's Act 2006 ;
Panchayatiraj (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996;
Minimum Wages Act 1948.



^ Jump up to: a b c d e Encyclopædia Britannica, Adivasi

^ Jump up to: a b c Rousseleau, Raphael (7 February 2013). "Claiming Indigenousness in India" . Books & Ideas .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Robert Harrison Barnes; Andrew Gray; Benedict Kingsbury (1995), Indigenous peoples of Asia , Association for Asian Studies, ISBN 978-0-924304-14-9 , retrieved 25 November 2008 , The Concept of the Adivāsi: According to the political activists who coined the word in the 1930s, the 'adivāsis' are the original inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent ...

^ Jump up to: a b "Bangladesh - The World Factbook" . Cia.gov . Retrieved 10 July 2021 .

^ "2011 Census Primary Census Abstract" (PDF) . Censusindia.gov.in .

^ "SCs, STs form 25% of population, says Census 2011 data – Indian Express" . archive.indianexpress.com .

^ "CPI(M) demands reservation for SCs, STs in private sector" . DNA India . 16 April 2015.

^ "Bangladesh | World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples" . Minority Rights Group . 19 June 2015 . Retrieved 10 July 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Reich et al. 2009 .

^ Jump up to: a b Basu et al. 2016 .

^ Jump up to: a b Narasimhan, Patterson & et al. 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b "TRIBAL LANGUAGES IN INDIA – INTRODUCTION (1/4)" . Wordsinthebucket.com . 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019 . Retrieved 24 September 2019 .

^ Sangeeta Dasgupta, "Adivasi studies: From a historian's perspective." History Compass 16.10 (2018): e12486 https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12486

^ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1968), The Selected Works of Mahatma Gandhi : Satyagraha in South Africa , Navajivan Publishing House , retrieved 25 November 2008 , ... The Adivasis are the original inhabitants ...

^ Lok Sabha Debates ser.10 Jun 41–42 1995 v.42 no.41-42 , Lok Sabha Secretariat, Parliament of India, 1995 , retrieved 25 November 2008 , ... Adivasis are the aborigines of India ...

^ Minocheher Rustom Masani; Ramaswamy Srinivasan (1985). Freedom and Dissent: Essays in Honour of Minoo Masani on His Eightieth Birthday . Democratic Research Service . Retrieved 25 November 2008 . The Adivasis are the original inhabitants of India. That is what Adivasi means: the original inhabitant. They were the people who were there before the Dravidians . The tribals are the Gonds, the Bhils, the Murias, the Nagas and a hundred more.

^ "Supreme Court verdict on harassment of tribal woman" . thehindu . 11 January 2011 . Retrieved 23 April 2021 .

^ S. Faizi & Priya K. Nair, 2016. "Adivasis: The World’s Largest Population of Indigenous People," Development, Palgrave Macmillan; Society for International Development, vol. 59(3), pages 350–353, December.

^ "Adivasi, n. and adj." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2017. Web. 10 September 2017.

^ Elst, Koenraad: (2001)

^ Louise Waite (2006), Embodied Working Lives: Work and Life in Maharashtra, India , Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-0876-5 , retrieved 25 November 2008 , The scheduled tribes themselves tend to refer to their ethnic grouping as adivāsis, which means 'original inhabitant.' Hardiman continues to argue that the term adivāsi is preferable in India as it evokes a shared history of relative freedom in precolonial times ...

^ "It's 'Adivasi' not 'Upajati' " . The Daily Star . 9 November 2012.

^ "INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AMONGST THE THARUS OF THE TERAI REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH" (PDF) . genecampaign.org . 2000 . Retrieved 14 July 2019 .

^ Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (1980), The Scheduled Tribes of India , Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-0-87855-692-2 , retrieved 25 November 2008 , I have stated above, while ascertaining the general attitude of Mr. Jaipal Singh to tribal problems, his insistence on the term 'Adivāsi' being used for Schedule Tribes... Sir, myself I claim to an Adivāsi and an original inhabitant of the country as Mr. Jaipal Singh pal... a pseudo-ethno-historical substantiation for the term 'Adivāsi'.

^ The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 [ circular reference ]

^ Jump up to: a b "Census of India 2011, Primary Census Abstract, Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes" . Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India. 28 October 2013 . Retrieved 6 October 2018 . PPT

^ "Marginal fall in tribal population in Jharkhand | Ranchi News – Times of India" . The Times of India .

^ "Jharkhand's population rises, STs' numbers decline" . dailypioneer.com . Retrieved 8 January 2017 .

^ Yadav, Anumeha. "In Jharkhand's Singhbhum, religion census deepens divide among tribals" . Scroll.in .

^ Bagchi, Suvojit (26 September 2013). "Chhattisgarh needs a tribal Chief Minister" . The Hindu .

^ "Feature" . pib.nic.in . Retrieved 8 January 2017 .

^ "Population growth rate declines in Naxalite and tribal areas of Chhattisgarh | Raipur News – Times of India" . The Times of India .

^ "Why Assam's adivasis are soft targets | India News – Times of India" . The Times of India .

^ "Adivasi vs Vanvasi: The Hinduization of Tribals in India" . Outlookindia.com . 3 February 2022.

^ "In Jharkhand, tribes bear the cross of conversion politics" . Hindustan Times . 1 December 2014.

^ "India, largely a country of immigrants – The Hindu" . The Hindu . 12 January 2011 . Retrieved 8 January 2017 .

^ Jump up to: a b Aloysius Irudayam; Jayshree P. Mangubhai; India Village Reconstruction; Development Project (2004), Adivasis Speak Out: Atrocities Against Adivasis in Tamil Nadu , Books for Change,
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