Sex With Transgender Issue

Sex With Transgender Issue
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Despite the dramatic progress of the transgender movement in the last decade, resulting in greater public awareness and significant legal victories, trans people continue to face blatant discrimination, high levels of violence, and poor health outcomes. Trans people of color often face markedly worse health and economic outcomes as they navigate multiple systems of oppression. We’ve highlighted some key issues below:
[1] James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality.
In 2018, trans funding in the United States reached a record high of $28.6 million. While this increase is welcomed, funding for trans communities does not match the need. For every $100 awarded by U.S. foundations only, 4 cents supports transgender communities.
Only $10.4 million, or 36 percent, of reported funds in 2018 supported trans-specific organizations, with only 17 percent of the funding for trans-specific organizations being awarded as multi-year support and only 5 percent being awarded in the form of capacity-building grants. Stable, long-term funding commensurate with community needs in this time of heightened crisis, and ongoing violence against transgender women in particular, remains elusive.
Learn more about the latest funding trends related to transgender communities with these resources:
To learn more about trans funding and explore how your foundation might become more inclusive and supportive of trans people through your grantmaking and decisionmaking, check out our Grantmakers United for Trans Communities (GUTC) Initiative at www.gutc.org .
Over the two-year period 2017-2018, the top foundations supporting transgender issues and communities accounted for 55 percent of all funding for transgender communities.
NOTE: Anonymous donors awarded $5.5 million between 2017-2018. If they were to be included in this list, they would rank as the second-largest funder of transgender communities.
This list of top funders includes dollars awarded for re-granting, so as to capture the full amount of funding flowing from (or through) each funder.
Over the two-year period 2017-2018, the top ten recipients of foundation funding for transgender issues and communities received 36 percent of all funding for transgender communities.
Funders have several opportunities to improve the lived experience of transgender communities:
To learn more about how your foundation might become more inclusive and supportive of trans people through your grantmaking and decisionmaking, check out our Grantmakers United for Trans Communities (GUTC) Initiative at www.gutc.org .
8. Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund
3. National Center for Transgender Equality

8. Annenberg Center for Health Sciences at Eisenhower

9. Planned Parenthood Federation of America

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Erickson-Schroth L, ed. General, sexual, and reproductive health. In: Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press; 2014.
Feldman J, et al. Primary care of transgender individuals. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 15, 2017.
AskMayoExpert. Transgender health. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2016.
Ten things transgender persons should discuss with their healthcare provider. GLMA. http://www.glma.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageID=692. Accessed Aug. 15, 2017.
Makadon HJ, et al. Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: American College of Physicians; 2015.
Nippoldt TB (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 5, 2017.
Gonzalez CA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Kasson, Minn. May 10, 2017.
Rohren CH (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. May 10, 2017.

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Health concerns for transgender people

Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations.
Know the important health issues transgender people face, and get tips for taking charge of your health.
Transgender people can have unique health care needs. Here's help understanding these concerns and how to address them.
"Transgender" is an umbrella term used to capture the spectrum of gender identity and gender-expression diversity. Gender identity is the internal sense of being male, female, neither or both. Gender expression — often an extension of gender identity — involves the expression of a person's gender identity through social roles, appearance and behaviors.
Many health concerns that transgender people face are due to minority stress, which is characterized by:
For example, minority stress is linked to transgender people seeking out less preventive care and screenings than that of cisgender people of similar ages, whose gender identity and expression match the sex they were assigned at birth. This might be due to a lack of gender-related insurance coverage, being refused care, difficulty finding a doctor with expertise in transgender care or fear of discrimination in a health care setting.
In addition, because of minority stress, transgender people are at risk of:
If you're a transgender person, don't avoid seeing a doctor out of fear of a negative encounter. Instead, look for a doctor who is empathetic and respectful of your specific needs. By doing so, your doctor can help identify ways to reduce your risk of health concerns, as well as identify medical conditions and refer you to specialists when necessary.
To find a doctor with transgender expertise, check the website for the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) or GLMA.
Once you're talking to your doctor, be honest. Share your gender identity. Tell your doctor about any medicines you take or have taken, any surgeries or procedures you've had, and any associated complications or concerns. Talk about any stress, discrimination, anxiety or depression you're experiencing and how you cope. Also, tell your doctor if you're sexually active. The more your doctor knows about your health history, the better the doctor will be able to help you.
Experts recommend that you take steps to protect your health based on your anatomy, regardless of your gender identity or expression. This might include:
Additional issues might need to be considered if you have had feminizing or masculinizing hormone therapy or surgery.
Your health is important — regardless of your gender identity or gender expression. If you're due for a screening or you have health concerns, don't put off seeing a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment help promote long-term health.
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The definition of “sex” seemed simple when Congress passed Title IX in 1972, outlawing sex discrimination in education . Webster’s Third New International Dictionary described it as “the sum of the morphological, physiological and behavioral peculiarities” that distinguish male and female for reproductive purposes.
This year the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals subtracted “morphological” and “physiological” from the equation, agreeing with the Obama administration that the term “sex” may be nothing more than an individual’s “internal sense of gender.”
Cute, but is it legal? (Photo by Sara D. Davis/Getty Images)
The court’s Jan. 27 decision kicked off a predictable culture war, with liberals saying it was long overdue and conservatives saying it was nonsense to allow gender identity determine which bathroom an individual could use.
“Virtually every civilization’s norms on this issue stand in protest,” wrote Fourth Circuit Judge Paul Neimeyer, who dissented from the January decision and last week urged the U.S. Supreme Court to take up the question of whether gender identity trumps biological sex when it comes to federal law.
Hiding within Neimeyer’s bombast are some very real problems with the arguments on both sides. Conservative critics too quickly dismiss the idea sex discrimination can include discrimination against people over how they look and act, for example, when courts have upheld suits for years over same-sex harassment and discrimination based on the failure to conform to gender stereotypes.
But lawyers representing Gavin Grimm, the transgender student in the Fourth Circuit decision, also cleverly limited their case to whether Grimm could use the bathroom of his choice. Neither they nor the Fourth Circuit majority addressed the thornier issue of locker rooms and showers, where the obvious physical differences between genetically male and female students pit the privacy rights of transgender students against the privacy rights of everyone else. Under the Obama administration’s rules, schools can’t shunt transgender students off to a unisex facility.
“I always said to clients, `put in a separate bathroom with a door,’” said Rosanna Sattler , a partner with Posternak Blankstein & Lund in Boston who focuses on employment law. “Now that’s a huge problem.”
Part of the problem with the fight over sex is people are muddling two separate legal issues when they argue about the term, said William Eskridge , a professor of constitutional law at Yale Law School who helped shape the legal debate over same-sex marriage. One issue is whether measures affecting transgender individuals can be discrimination under Title IX and Title VII, the broader federal antidiscrimination statute.
In a word, yes. Think of an employer who refuses to hire Protestants, Eskridge said. Clearly that would violate the Title VII prohibition against religious discrimination. But so would a policy of refusing to hire applicants who had converted from another religion, even though the discrimination wasn’t against a particular religion but the fact that an applicant had switched.
The same principle applies to sex, Eskridge said: Discrimination aimed at people based on their gender characteristics is the same as discrimination based on sex. It is often forgotten that Homer Plessy, the plaintiff in Plessy v. Ferguson , didn’t just argue it was unconstitutional for Louisiana to force him to ride in a “colored” car on the train; he also argued Louisiana was wrong to classify him as “colored” at all when he was seven-eighths Caucasian.
Transgender advocates use this sort of argument to justify making bathrooms available to individuals based on their gender identity. It is up to those individuals, not the state, to determine the appropriate place to pee or change clothes or shower, they say.
“Requiring transgender people to use facilities that don’t match their gender identity creates risk of outing them,” said Ilona Turner , legal director of the Transgender Law Center in Oakland, Calif. “All of a sudden people who didn’t know and don’t need to know he’s transgender will know that very personal information about him.”
The Justice and Education Departments agree, saying in a May 16 “Dear Colleague” letter to school officials that “sex” now means gender identity and educational institutions risk losing federal funding if they restrict students to bath and locker rooms based on the sex listed on their birth certificate.
But the Obama administration’s insistence that transgender students use the locker rooms of their choice raises the second issue in the fight over sex. Can schools and other institutions discriminate against transgender students anyway if they have other well-founded reasons for doing so?
Take college athletics. The “Dear Colleague” letter explicitly states students “of the same sex” means “of the same gender identity,” when it comes to athletics. Yet it doesn’t explicitly condemn National Collegiate Athletic Association’s policy on transgender athletes , which allows transgender students to play on any team consistent with their birth sex but prohibits male-to-female transgender students from playing on female teams unless they’ve had a year of testosterone suppression therapy. If they join earlier than that, it becomes a “mixed team” ineligible for participation in NCAA championships.
The rule reflects “sound medical science,” the NCAA says, and NCAA policy otherwise encourages students to participate in sports based on their gender identity. But the asymmetrical treatment of transgender women on female teams could raise legal challenges in the future.
So will locker rooms and showers. While male students may not object to women parading through their shower rooms in the nude, and colleges have had unisex bathrooms in dorms for years, some schools and employers may yield to complaints about undressing in front of transgender individuals who still have the anatomy and physical appearance of the other sex.
“You can say `yes, it’s sex discrimination,’ but also `here is the reason the state is cordoning off bathrooms based on appearance,’” said Eskridge. “Is there any basis for actual concern for that? I’ll leave it to the evidence-gatherers.”
So the definition of “sex” depends on the question you’re asking. It’s gender identity if someone is applying for a job, or, according to the Obama administration, participating in educational activities. It might be something different when it comes to female sports teams and shower rooms. Judges will make the ultimate decision.

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Americans' Complex Views on Gender Identity and Transgender Issues
See our research on: Economy | Abortion | Russia | COVID-19
See our research on: Economy | Abortion | Russia | COVID-19
Pew Research Center conducted this study to better understand Americans’ views about gender identity and people who are transgender or nonbinary. These findings are part of a larger project that includes findings from six focus groups on the experiences and views of transgender and nonbinary adults and estimates of the share of U.S. adults who say their gender is different from the sex they were assigned at birth .
This analysis is based on a survey of 10,188 U.S. adults. The data was collected as a part of a larger survey conducted May 16-22, 2022. Everyone who took part is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology . See here to read more about the questions used for this report and the report’s methodology .
References to White, Black and Asian adults include only those who are not Hispanic and identify as only one race. Hispanics are of any race.
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