Section Controls
Karim 카림In Abaqus/Standard section controls are used to select the enhanced hourglass control formulation for solid, shell, and membrane elements. This formulation provides improved coarse mesh accuracy with slightly higher computational cost and performs better for nonlinear material response at high strain levels when compared with the default total stiffness formulation. Section controls can also be used to select some element formulations that may be relevant for a subsequent Abaqus/Explicit analysis.
In Abaqus/Explicit the default formulations for solid, shell, and membrane elements have been chosen to perform satisfactorily on a wide class of quasi-static and explicit dynamic simulations. However, certain formulations give rise to some trade-off between accuracy and performance. Abaqus/Explicit provides section controls to modify these element formulations so that you can optimize these objectives for a specific application. Section controls can also be used in Abaqus/Explicit to specify scale factors for linear and quadratic bulk viscosity parameters. You can also control the initial stresses in membrane elements for applications such as airbags in crash simulations and introduce the initial stresses gradually based on an amplitude definition.
In addition, section controls are used to specify the maximum stiffness degradation and to choose the behavior upon complete failure of an element, once the material stiffness is fully degraded, including the removal of failed elements from the mesh. This functionality applies only to elements with a material definition that includes progressive damage (see “Progressive damage and failure,” Section 21.1.1; “Connector damage behavior,” Section 28.2.7; and “Defining the constitutive response of cohesive elements using a traction-separation description,” Section 29.5.6). In Abaqus/Standard this functionality is limited to
- cohesive elements with a traction-separation constitutive response that includes damage evolution,
- any element with a plane stress formulation that can be used with the damage evolution model for fiber-reinforced composites,
- any element that can be used with the damage evolution models for ductile metals,
- any element that can be used with the damage evolution law in a low-cycle fatigue analysis, and
- connector elements with a constitutive response that includes damage evolution.