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In their Political Declaration, Ministers from the region, expressing concern about the impact of drug trafficking and organized crime on security and development, pledged to address these threats as a high priority. States committed themselves to a long and detailed list of measures, from taking steps to improve drug prevention and treatment, to strengthening the enforcement of legislation and international judicial cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking, organized crime and terrorism. In order to improve regional cooperation and coordinate the delivery of technical assistance, Ministers established the Santo Domingo Partnership Mechanism. It draws on lessons learned from the Paris Pact which was created in to stem the flow of Afghan heroin. In his address to the meeting, the Executive Director of UNODC, Antonio Maria Costa who had just arrived from official visits to Cuba and Haiti , stressed the need for prevention, criminal justice and regional cooperation. He urged Caribbean countries to 'tighten gun control in line with the UN Firearms Protocol in order to bring down one of the highest murder rates in the world'. He highlighted the need to steer young people away from drugs and crime. He also observed that in many Caribbean jails, child offenders serve their time alongside adults: 'do not forget that jails are the best university for crime in the world', he warned. He therefore called for more school, family, and community programmes to empower young people, greater investment in drug prevention and treatment, urban renewal projects to create safer cities, and alternatives to imprisonment, like drug treatment courts. To strengthen criminal justice, the head of UNODC offered technical assistance to improve forensic capability, like witness protection, counter-kidnapping, and special measures to prevent violence against women and girls. He pointed out that thanks to the UNCAC, bank secrecy should no longer be an impediment to criminal investigations. He urged Ministers to 'close loopholes in your legislation to prevent corruption, money laundering, and the theft of assets'. Since organized crime is a transnational problem, Mr. Costa called for greater regional counter-narcotics cooperation. He underlined the need for improved regional intelligence-sharing, training for investigators and prosecutors in special investigative techniques, increased contacts among anti-organized crime agencies, the creation of a regional centre on maritime security, and greater international cooperation in prosecuting criminal matters, including extradition, mutual legal assistance, and confiscating the proceeds of crime. Political Declaration English - pdf. Political Declaration Spanish - pdf. United Nations. Office on Drugs and Crime. Site Search. Santo Domingo Pact strengthens regional cooperation to fight drugs and crime in the Caribbean 10 March - At a recent Ministerial Conference in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, agreement was reached to strengthen regional cooperation to fight drugs, crime and terrorism in the Caribbean. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

Dominican Republic

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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. The Dominican Republic is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. The phenomenon predominantly takes the form of sexual exploitation, but forced labour and marriage are also known forms of trafficking that occur in the country. Victims of human trafficking, either locals or foreign nationals transiting the Dominican Republic, are headed for a number of different potential destinations, most prominently the United States, Europe and South America. Victims from other countries may also be trafficked into the Dominican Republic where they are subjected to sexual exploitation or forced labour. Recent years have seen an influx of Venezuelan and Haitian trafficking victims, but Colombian nationals are vulnerable to exploitation in the country as well. Recruitment of Dominicans is done by networks operating throughout the country under false pretences, using deceptive practices to lure victims. The criminal market for human smuggling is large, with the Dominican Republic seeing a large portion of the human-smuggling cases in the Caribbean. The Dominican Republic is a transit country for Haitians moving to South America irregularly, as well as a source country for migrants smuggled to other countries in the region, such as Chile, the United States and, particularly, nearby Puerto Rico. While the use of falsified documentation is a common practice, COVIDrelated border closures and internal confinement measures have reduced migrant smuggling that relies on irregular migrants hiding within formal and mixed migration flows. The Dominican Republic is a destination market for illegal small arms and light weapons. The United States plays a significant role in the arms market in the Dominican Republic, with reports suggesting that illicit arms flows originate in Florida and enter the country by sea. The porous Haitian border is another known entry point for arms into the Dominican Republic. In line with regional trends, the Dominican Republic has a high incidence of death by firearms. The country has, however, witnessed a downward trend in homicides in the recent decade. There is some evidence that military and police personnel have been involved in the criminal market for small arms and light weapons in the Dominican Republic. There is a critical lack of evidence on the nature and scope of the environmental crime markets in the Dominican Republic. Nevertheless, illicit trade is known to occur in non-renewable resources such as timber and charcoal, as well as endangered species. The Dominican Republic is rich in various non-renewable resources and has a number of limestone, clay and salt mines. Notably, artisanal and unregulated mining is taking place at some sites. The Dominican Republic also plays an important role in the illicit gold trafficking market, acting as a transit country for illegal gold of Venezuelan origin. Illegal trafficking of Venezuelan gold is perpetrated by transnational criminal organizations and networks, which are simultaneously engaged in other forms of trafficking, such as drug trafficking. The main forms of flora-related crimes in the Dominican Republic are the illegal harvesting of timber and the illegal mining of charcoal. These illegal timber and charcoal products are believed to circulate regionally. Additionally, the Dominican Republic is a transit country for illegal Amazonian timber destined for Mexico and the United States, and appears to be a destination country for illegal timber originating in Peru. The Dominican Republic is rich in biodiversity and the country houses a large number of endangered species that are in demand on the black market. A large number of fauna species, in particular turtles, are sold as souvenirs for tourists and there is also a larger illicit economy in sea turtle products such as eggs, meat and shells. Another profitable commodity in the Dominican Republic is the American eel, which is in high demand in Asian countries, largely for culinary purposes. The Dominican Republic is an important trans-shipment point for cocaine, heroin, Ecstasy and fentanyl, and a destination country for cannabis. Cocaine constitutes the largest single criminal market in the Dominican Republic. The country is believed to be the leading Caribbean transit hub for cocaine from Venezuela destined for North America or Europe. Cocaine is primarily transported in the country into the country by go-fast boats and shipping containers. Similarly, the territories of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Anguilla, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands provide opportunities for organized crime groups to ship cocaine to France and the UK. Traffickers also often target Spain, where there is a substantial Dominican diaspora. This is how Spain has become the principal European entry point for cocaine from the Dominican Republic. Domestic drug consumption is primarily concentrated in metropolitan and tourist areas. While the cocaine trade is the most pervasive drug market in the Dominican Republic, cannabis is the most consumed drug in the country. Cannabis is trafficked into the country primarily across the land border with Haiti, where the drug is cultivated, and from Jamaica. Criminal networks from both the Dominican Republic and Haiti work collaboratively in the trafficking of cannabis, which is often imported into the country by truck, either camouflaged or hidden among other products. The Dominican Republic is also an important regional transit hub for heroin, often destined for the US market, but some domestic heroin consumption does take place. Additionally, the Dominican Republic is a small trans-shipment point for Ecstasy moving from its countries of origin, the Netherlands and Belgium, to North America, and potentially also for fentanyl coming from Mexico. Inside the Dominican Republic, gangs known as naciones and pandillas dominate the organized crime landscape. These groups have a presence in the larger cities of both the Dominican Republic and the US, and are involved in drug retailing, extortion, racketeering and money laundering. While the influence of these gangs may have waned in recent years, they still appear to have significant territorial control and often have the capacity to provide services within their territories. While evidence suggests that organized crime in the Dominican Republic is dominated by gangs, criminal networks play important roles in the human trafficking, human smuggling and drug trafficking markets, as well as some of the smaller criminal markets such as the environmental or natural resources market. Criminal markets, including the narcotics market, rely heavily on transnational links: to Dominican nationals operating abroad, to foreign networks and to foreign individuals living and operating in the Dominican Republic. State-embedded actors are involved in various criminal activities, particularly in the drug trade. There have been multiple cases of military and police personnel participating in drug trafficking, and of links between drug traffickers and high-level officials and politicians. Leaders in the Dominican Republic have made a number of statements warning of the threat of organized crime and drug trafficking in particular, but the rhetoric has yet to be followed up with concrete and effective action. Without a dedicated anti-corruption institution, the Dominican Republic has major flaws in its framework for combating and deterring corruption. The Dominican Republic has signalled that it is committed to international cooperation on anti-organized crime and is party to a number of treaties and conventions pertaining to organized crime. The Dominican Republic has domestic legislation specifically targeting some criminal markets, including the importing of weapons, parts and ammunition, the possession and trafficking of drugs, and money laundering. However, the country does not appear to have domestic legislation specific to organized criminal groups, and there is no evidence to suggest that membership of a criminal group is criminalized. Although nominally independent, the judiciary often suffers from political interference, corruption and a lack of adequate resources and personnel. Recent years have demonstrated that the judiciary of the Dominican Republic sometimes fails to prosecute criminal and corrupt individuals. The country has two types of prisons — traditional prisons and so-called rehabilitation centres. The former often suffer overcrowding and a high number of pre-trial detainees, while no such issues are reported in relation to the latter. Law enforcement in the Dominican Republic is challenged by high levels of corruption. At the same time, however, there have been some improvements and the national police in the Dominican Republic has established dedicated units for narcotics, human trafficking and cybercrime. The Dominican Republic has one of the more dynamic economies in the Caribbean and has experienced sustained growth for a number of years. Although poverty rates have been successfully reduced, there is a significant informal economy embedded within the country, and private-sector development is restrained by factors such as the lack of a robust economic regulatory framework. The risk of money laundering in the Dominican Republic is moderate. Numerous factors, including corruption, a large informal sector and weak financial controls, make the country vulnerable to money laundering and illicit financial flows. Moreover, the Dominican Republic has a weak asset forfeiture regime that is not aligned with international standards. On the other hand, the Dominican Republic is not a major secrecy jurisdiction and fares reasonably well when it comes to banking transparency. The penal code in the Dominican Republic guarantees victims and witnesses of crime the right to protection. However, the efficiency of the witness protection programme has been questioned in the past. The government has launched initiatives for assisting drug users, for instance through the introduction of an opioid substitution programme and initiatives that introduce alternatives to imprisonment for drug offenders. The government has introduced crime-prevention strategies such as a community policing force focused on crime prevention and public safety. Furthermore, a community youth police programme is in operation. The country is home to many active civil- society organizations and movements and the government has taken steps to increase the space for civil society. Press freedom is still often undermined and many journalists self-censor due to fear of violence. Nevertheless, the Dominican Republic has seen a steady improvement in freedom of the media in recent years. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Santo Domingo. Income group Upper middle income. Population 10,, Geography type Coastal. Criminal markets 5. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 6. Human smuggling 6. Arms trafficking 4. Flora crimes 4. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 4. Heroin trade 6. Cocaine trade 8. Cannabis trade 5. Synthetic drug trade 4. Criminal actors 5. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 5. Criminal networks 5. State-embedded actors 5. Foreign actors 4. Political leadership and governance 5. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 7. National policies and laws 5. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 4. Law enforcement 4. Territorial integrity 5. Anti-money laundering 4. Economic regulatory capacity 5. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 4. Non-state actors 5. Analysis Download full profile english spanish. People The Dominican Republic is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. Trade The Dominican Republic is a destination market for illegal small arms and light weapons. Environment There is a critical lack of evidence on the nature and scope of the environmental crime markets in the Dominican Republic. Drugs The Dominican Republic is an important trans-shipment point for cocaine, heroin, Ecstasy and fentanyl, and a destination country for cannabis. Criminal Actors Inside the Dominican Republic, gangs known as naciones and pandillas dominate the organized crime landscape. Leadership and governance Leaders in the Dominican Republic have made a number of statements warning of the threat of organized crime and drug trafficking in particular, but the rhetoric has yet to be followed up with concrete and effective action. Criminal justice and security Although nominally independent, the judiciary often suffers from political interference, corruption and a lack of adequate resources and personnel. Economic and financial environment The Dominican Republic has one of the more dynamic economies in the Caribbean and has experienced sustained growth for a number of years. Civil society and social protection The penal code in the Dominican Republic guarantees victims and witnesses of crime the right to protection. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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