Ruby Throat
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Ruby Throat
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Tiny, with long wings and bill. Dusky below with a bright red throat, black mask, and green crown.
Tiny bird with emerald green back and brilliant red throat. The throat is iridescent and looks black or dark red, then lights up when viewed at the correct angle.
In some lights the throat of the adult male can appear black.
Hovers with pinpoint precision, beating wings so fast they're almost invisible. Drinks nectar by probing flowers with long, thin bill.
Feeds on a variety of flowering plants. Tiny, with long wings and bill. Mostly white below, with buffy flanks, a dusky mask, and green upperparts.
Upperparts bright metallic green, and short tail is black and forked.
Eats insects in addition to nectar, often plucking them from spiderwebs or taking them from a sapsucker's sap wells.
Upperparts bright metallic green, and short tail is mostly black with white tips to the outer feathers.
Immature males have some red feathers on the throat.
Nestlings have shorter bills than adults. Nest is thimble-sized, made with spiderweb that stretches as the young birds grow.
Sometimes perches prominently on exposed branches.
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The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is a small hummingbird with a slender, slightly downcurved bill and fairly short wings that don’t reach all the way to the tail when the bird is sitting.
Same size as a Black-chinned Hummingbird
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are bright emerald or golden-green on the back and crown, with gray-white underparts. Males have a brilliant iridescent red throat that looks dark when it’s not in good light.
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds fly straight and fast but can stop instantly, hover, and adjust their position up, down, or backwards with exquisite control. They often visit hummingbird feeders and tube-shaped flowers and defend these food sources against others. You may also see them plucking tiny insects from the air or from spider webs.
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds live in open woodlands, forest edges, meadows, grasslands, and in parks, gardens, and backyards.
Hummingbirds (Order: Caprimulgiformes, Family: Trochilidae )
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Hundreds of kinds of hummingbirds nest in the American tropics, and more than a dozen in the western U.S., but east of the Great Plains there is only the Ruby-throat. There it is fairly common in summer in open woods and gardens. Hovering in front of a flower to sip nectar, it beats its wings more than 50 times per second. Impressive migrants despite their small size, some Ruby-throats may travel from Canada to Costa Rica.
Hundreds of kinds of hummingbirds nest in the American tropics, and more than a dozen in the western U.S., but east of the Great Plains there is only the Ruby-throat. There it is fairly common in summer in open woods and gardens. Hovering in front of a flower to sip nectar, it beats its wings more than 50 times per second. Impressive migrants despite their small size, some Ruby-throats may travel from Canada to Costa Rica.
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Bald Eagle. Photo: Howard Arndt/Audubon Photography Awards
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At flowers, usually feeds while hovering, extending its bill and long tongue deep into the center of the flower. At feeders, may either hover or perch. To catch small insects, may fly out and take them in midair, or hover to pluck them from foliage. Sometimes takes spiders (or trapped insects) from spider webs.
2. White. Incubation is by female only, 11-16 days. Young: Female feeds the young. Nest stretches as young grow. Age of young at first flight about 20-22 days. Usually 1-2 broods per year, sometimes 3. Female may begin building second nest while still feeding young in the first.
Female feeds the young. Nest stretches as young grow. Age of young at first flight about 20-22 days. Usually 1-2 broods per year, sometimes 3. Female may begin building second nest while still feeding young in the first.
Mostly nectar and insects. Takes nectar from flowers, and will feed on tiny insects as well. Favors tubular flowers such as those of trumpet vine. Will also feed on sugar-water mixtures in hummingbird feeders.
In courtship display, male flies back and forth in front of female in wide U-shaped "pendulum" arc, making a whirring sound on each dive. Also buzzes back and forth in short passes in front of perched female. Nest site is in a tree or large shrub, 5-50 feet above the ground, usually 10-20 feet. Placed on horizontal branch or one that slopes down from tree, usually well surrounded by leafy cover. Nest (built by female) is a compact cup of grasses, plant fibers, spider webs, lined with plant down. The outside is camouflaged with lichens and dead leaves.
Text © Kenn Kaufman, adapted from
Lives of North American Birds
Almost all leave North America in fall, wintering from Mexico to Costa Rica or Panama. Some may cross Gulf of Mexico but many go around, concentrating along Texas coast. In spring, males move north earlier than females.
Almost all leave North America in fall, wintering from Mexico to Costa Rica or Panama. Some may cross Gulf of Mexico but many go around, concentrating along Texas coast. In spring, males move north earlier than females.
Audubon’s scientists have used 140 million bird observations and sophisticated climate models to project how climate change will affect this bird’s range in the future.
Zoom in to see how this species’s current range will shift, expand, and contract under increased global temperatures.
Choose a temperature scenario below to see which threats will affect this species as warming increases. The same climate change-driven threats that put birds at risk will affect other wildlife and people, too.
Spring heat waves endanger young birds in the nest.
Cities demolish bird habitat, and are often located in the places birds need.
Believed to imbue romantic powers, ‘chuparosas’ are widely sold in Mexico and, now, the United States, writes forensic ornithologist Pepper Trail.
Audubon’s Migratory Bird Initiative has already started to find out.
Playing audio clips of songs and calls is a common tool for getting better shots, but it can also be detrimental to birds and their chicks.
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Thought to have declined in some regions in recent years, but surveys show no distinct downward trend.
Gardens, wood edges. Summers in a variety of semi-open habitats, including open woods, clearings and edges in forest, gardens, city parks. Winters mostly in rather open or dry tropical scrub, not usually in rain forest. Migrants may pause in any open habitat with flowers.
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Ruby-Throated Hummingbird Identification
Melissa Mayntz is a bird expert, certified Master Naturalist, writer, and author with over three decades of experience. She's published in several national magazines, including National Wildlife Magazine, Bird Watcher's Digest, and WildBird Magazine. Melissa has studied hundreds of bird species around the world, traveling to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, the central Pacific, the Middle East, and more on birding expeditions.
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The ruby-throated hummingbird is not only the most common hummingbird in the United States but also the only breeding hummingbird east of the Mississippi River. By learning the precise aesthetics of ruby-throated hummingbirds, birders can identify different types of hummingbirds more quickly.
The male ruby-throated hummingbird is an industrious bird, constantly flitting among flowers and feeders , not only to feed but also to defend their territory from other hummingbirds. But when those other hummingbirds are nearby, it can be a challenge to identify the ruby-throats. Looking for these clues can help identify a ruby-throated hummingbird:
Many female hummingbirds look similar, particularly among the hummingbirds of North America . However, by understanding the clues that distinguish the female ruby-throated hummingbird from her western cousins, it's possible to tell different females apart. Watch for these clues for a confident identification:
Juvenile ruby-throated hummingbirds resemble their mothers with more camouflaged plumage , but as they mature, they begin to develop male coloration and patterns. During fall hummingbird migration , it may seem as though there are many more female hummingbirds about, but looking for these subtle clues can help birders distinguish which birds are actually male juvenile birds:
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