Roman Latin

Roman Latin




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Roman Latin
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Posted By: Dattatreya Mandal
June 4, 2018
Previously, we had covered the 25 Incredible Ancient Roman Quotes , though translated in their English forms. This time around, we decided to include the original Latin phrases and sayings uttered by the various eminent ancient Roman poets, philosophers, generals, and even emperors. So without further ado, let us take a gander at 30 ancient Roman Latin phrases and sayings you should know.
Marcus Tullius Cicero or simply Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) is often considered to be one of the greatest Roman orators and prose stylists of his time. Hailing from a wealthy Roman equestrian family, Cicero was also a philosopher, politician, lawyer, political theorist, and constitutionalist, who introduced neologisms such as evidentia , humanitas , qualitas , quantitas , and essential . 
Interestingly enough, it should be noted that Cicero himself was killed at the orders of Mark Antony ( Marcus Antonius ). Apparently, Cicero’s last words to his captors were – “There is nothing proper about what you are doing, soldier, but do try to kill me properly.” In any case, here are some of the ancient Roman Latin phrases and sayings mentioned by Cicero –
Virgil or Publius Vergilius Maro (70 BC – 19 BC), was one of ancient Rome’s greatest poets corresponding to the Augustan period. His massive contribution to Latin literature is espoused by three significant works – the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics , and the epic Aeneid . The latter literary specimen is often considered ancient Rome’s national epic, with the work following the traditions of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey . Here are two of the ancient Roman Latin phrases mentioned by Virgil –
Horace or Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65 BC – 8 BC), was the foremost Roman lyric poet contemporary to the Augustan period, who dabbled in both hexameter verses and caustic iambic poetry. He was also an officer in the republican army that was defeated at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC.
But later on, he was offered amnesty by Octavian, and thus Horace became a spokesman for the new regime (though he lost his father’s estate to a colony of veterans). Here are some of the ancient Roman Latin phrases and sayings mentioned by Horace –
Lucius Annaeus Seneca, also known as Seneca the Younger (5 BC – 65 AD), was a Roman Stoic philosopher and a dramatist who also tried his hand at humor. One of the sons of Seneca the Elder, Lucius also acted as the Imperial adviser and tutor to Roman Emperor Nero.
Unfortunately, his very connection to political affairs brought forth his demise – when Lucius was forced to commit suicide for his alleged role in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate Nero. Here are some of the ancient Roman Latin phrases and sayings mentioned by Cicero (mostly in his version of Oedipus ) –
Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis or Juvenal (55-60 AD to post 127 AD) is counted among the most famous of ancient Rome’s poets. He was renowned for his collection of satirical poems known as the Satires . And while not much is known about his private life, it has been hypothesized that Juvenal was possibly a son (or adopted son) of a rich freedman, and was born in Aquinum, central Italy.
It is also conjectured that Juvenal was a pupil of Quintilian and a practitioner of rhetoric, while his career as a satirist began late in his life. And furthermore, like many of his fellow Roman poets, Juvenal might have been exiled (by either Emperor Trajan or Domitian), though the place of his exile is debated in the academic world. Here are some of the ancient Roman Latin phrases and sayings mentioned by Juvenal –
And lastly, we have compiled the remaining Latin phrases and quotes uttered by the crème de la crème of ‘friends, Romans, and countrymen’, including Pliny the Elder, Quintilian, Ovid, Julius Caesar, and Augustus.
It pertains to the Latin translation of the first two Greek lines of the Aphorismi , one of the treatises of the Corpus – the renowned collection of ancient medical works often attributed to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. As for the historical side of affairs, Hippocrates, often heralded as the ‘Father of Medicine’, was probably born circa 460 BC, on the Greek island of Kos.
The Latin phrase is derived from the Vulgate and in the narrative is presented as being spoken by Jesus to Peter. According to historical estimation, the Gospel of Mark was written during the 1st century (at least before 90 AD, possibly between 66–70 AD) – which makes it the earliest known written gospel, though the authorship still remains anonymous.
Pliny the Elder or Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – 79 AD), was an ancient Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher – known for his encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia . Like some eminent Romans of his time, Pliny also had a career in the military with his high-status post as a naval and army commander in the early Roman empire . Pliny later died in the catastrophic eruption of Mouth Vesuvius (AD 79) on the beach at Stabiae, and hence was one of the famous (yet unfortunate) eye-witnesses to the destruction of Pompeii ( reconstructed in this article ).
Augustus (63 BC – 14 AD), born Gaius Octavius , was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor who ruled till his death in 14 AD (additionally he was also Julius Caesar’s adopted heir). The reign of Augustus kick-started what is known as Pax Romana (the Roman Peace), an extensive period of almost two centuries when the Roman realm was not disturbed by any long-drawn major conflict, in spite of the empire’s ‘regular’ territorial expansions into regions like Egypt , Dalmatia, Pannonia, Germania and complete annexation of Hispania.
An ancient Roman rhetorician from Hispania, Quintilian or Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, was born in circa 35 AD and was known for opening his public school of rhetoric during the chaotic period of the Year of the Four Emperors (circa 69 AD). There were some eminent names among his students, including Pliny the Younger and possibly Tacitus and Juvenal. And such was his influence in Rome and its circle of education (especially for the ruling class)that later on he was made a consul by Emperor Vespasian.
Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC), was a Roman statesman and notable author of Latin prose. But he is mostly known for being the greatest Roman general of his time, who completed the conquest of Gaul and launched the first Roman invasion of Britain .
Ovid or Publius Ovidius Naso (43 BC – 17 AD), was a contemporary Roman poet of the older Virgil and Horace, and together these three formed the ‘holy trinity’ of Latin canonical literature during the Augustan period. To that end, Ovid is mainly known for his mythological narrative – the Metamorphoses , along with collections of love poetry like the Amores (“Love Affairs”) and Ars Amatoria (“The Art of Love”).
Counted among one of the most famous of English and Latin phrases, in context, the full translation is “ dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux ” (“And said God let there be light, and there was light”). The Vulgate Latin version is obviously derived from the Hebrew phrase vayo’mer ‘Elohim, yehi ‘or vayehi ‘or , found in Genesis 1:3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible.
According to Merriam Webster, the (possibly) ancient Latin phrase is associated with the sale of goods – “In early Roman law, sales of goods were governed by caveat emptor : buyers were advised to scrutinize the goods before purchase because sellers had few obligations. Over time, the imperative of caveat emptor has been softened by warranties, both express and implied.”
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Whether it’s Shakespeare or Stephen King, you probably know a lot about your favourite writer. But what about how writing systems came to be in the first place? Take this quiz to find out.
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Latin alphabet , also called Roman alphabet , the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and the languages of most of Europe and those areas settled by Europeans. Developed from the Etruscan alphabet at some time before 600 bce , it can be traced through Etruscan, Greek , and Phoenician scripts to the North Semitic alphabet used in Syria and Palestine about 1100 bce . The earliest inscription in the Latin alphabet appears on the Praeneste Fibula , a cloak pin dating from about the 7th century bce , which reads, “MANIOS MED FHEFHAKED NUMASIOI” (in Classical Latin: “Manius me fecit Numerio,” meaning “Manius made me for Numerius”). Dated not much later than this is a vertical inscription on a small pillar in the Roman Forum , and the Duenos inscription on a vase found near the Quirinal (a hill in Rome ) probably dates to the 6th century bce . Although experts disagree on the dating of these objects, the inscriptions are generally considered to be the oldest extant examples of the Latin alphabet.
The Classical Latin alphabet consisted of 23 letters, 21 of which were derived from the Etruscan alphabet. In medieval times the letter I was differentiated into I and J and V into U , V , and W , producing an alphabet equivalent to that of modern English with 26 letters. Some European languages currently using the Latin alphabet do not use the letters K and W , and some add extra letters (usually standard Latin letters with diacritical marks added or sometimes pairs of letters read as one sound).
In ancient Roman times there were two main types of Latin script, capital letters and cursive. There were also varieties of writing that mixed capitals and cursive or semicursive letters; Latin uncial script developed from such a mixed form in the 3rd century ce . In the Middle Ages many different Latin scripts developed from capital, cursive, and uncial forms. The round “humanistic” handwriting, used for copying books, and a more angular cursive script, used for legal and commercial purposes in 15th-century Italy, gave rise, respectively, to the roman and italic typefaces currently used in printing.
The table shows the Latin alphabet.



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According to Wikipedia.org ,
Latin is a classical language and it belongs to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was spoken by people in Rome, known as Latium. With the growth of the power of the Roman Republic, the Latin language gained a lot of popularity. It became the dominant language in Italy and the western Roman Empire. Latin is similar to the English language. Latin roots are used in English descriptions and are used in exploring sciences, medicine, and law. Latin had been standardized into Classical Latin and the colloquial form of the language is spoken in many parts of the world. Late Latin was the written language in the 3rd century. It was then developed in the 6th to 9th centuries and became a part of the Romance languages like Italian, Sardinian, Venetian, Neapolitan, Sicilian, Piedmontese, Lombard, French, Franco-Provençal, Occitan, Corsican, Ladin, Friulan, Romansh, Catalan/Valencian, Aragonese, Spanish, Asturian, Galician, Portuguese and Romanian. Early Modern Latin and New Latin became the first international communication until the 18th century.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alphabet used to write the Latin language
This article is about the alphabet used to write the Latin language. For modern alphabets derived from it used in other languages and applications, see Latin script and Latin-script alphabet .
12 sovereign states and 1 supranational organization
Numerous Latin alphabets ; also more divergent derivations such as Osage
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )

^ Michael C. Howard (2012), Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies. p. 23 .

^ Cappelli, Adriano (1990). Dizionario di Abbreviature Latine ed Italiane . Milano: Editore Ulrico Hoepli. ISBN 88-203-1100-3 .

^ Liberman, Anatoly (7 August 2013). "Alphabet soup, part 2: H and Y" . Oxford Etymologist . Oxford University Press . Retrieved 3 October 2013 .

^ Crystal, David (4 August 2003). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521530330 – via Google Books.

^ Kazakh language to be converted to Latin alphabet – MCS RK . Inform.kz (30 January 2015). Retrieved on 28 September 2015.


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