Richard Dick Best
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↑ Hernandez, Daniel V. (with Lt. CDR Richard H. Best, USN Ret.): SBD-3 Dauntless and the Battle of Midway . Valencia, Spain: Aeronaval Publishing, 2004, p. 7. ISBN 84-932963-0-9
↑ Bowers, Peter M. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 . Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1990. pp. 183-184 and 397. ISBN 0-87021-792-5
↑ http://cv6.org/ship/logs/ph/org-am-19411207.htm
↑ http://cv6.org/ship/logs/ph/ela19411210.htm
↑ http://cv6.org/ship/logs/action19420201-vb6-1015.htm
↑ http://cv6.org/1942/midway/default.htm
↑ Robert J. Cressman: A Glorious Page in our History. The Battle of Midway 4-June 6, 1942 . Pictoral Histories Publishing Co., Missoula 1990, pp. 101-102. ISBN 0-929521-40-4
↑ Jonathan Parshall, Anthony Tully: Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway , Washington 2005, p. 257. ISBN 978-1-57488-923-9
↑ Jonathan/Tully, pp. 241-242
↑ Parshall/Tully say that it is difficult to asses who hit Hiryu (p. 326).
↑ Gordon W. Prange: Miracle at Midway . Penguin Books, London/New York 1982, pp. 273-274. ISBN 0-14-006814-7 ; Best's battle account: http://www.immf-midway.com/narrative.html
↑ Hernandez, p. 7.
↑ http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rhbest.htm
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Lieutenant Commander Richard Halsey "Dick" Best , USN , (March 24, 1910 – October 28, 2001) was a dive-bomber pilot in the United States Navy, during World War II.
Richard H. Best was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in 1928, and he graduated with honors in 1932. Following his graduation he served for two years aboard the light cruiser USS Richmond (CL-9) . In 1934 he was transferred to the Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida, as a naval aviation student. He completed his flight training in December 1935 and was assigned to Fighting Squadron Two (VF-2B) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-2) , flying the Grumman F2F . In June 1938, he was given the choice to either join a patrol squadron at Panama or Hawaii or become a flight instructor at Pensacola. Best chose to go to Pensacola and was assigned to Training Squadron Five, which trained carrier aviation, aerobatics, aerial combat and gunnery, dive-bombing, torpedo dropping, formation flying, and instrument flying. As instrument flying became a mandatory requirement, Best also trained the flight instructors.
On May 31, 1940, Best received orders to join Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6) . Upon arrival at Naval Air Station North Island , California, on June 10, Best became Flight Officer (operations officer) of VB-6. Up to early 1942 Best advanced to Executive Officer and finally Commander of VB-6. [1]
In 1940 VB-6 was equipped with the Northrop BT-1 dive bomber, and converted in late 1941 to the Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless . In the spring of 1942 the SBD-3 replaced the SBD-2, being equipped with an uprated engine, armor, self-sealing fuel tanks and better armament. [2]
On December 7, 1941, the Enterprise was operating 330 km (150 mi) south of Pearl Harbor . At about 06:15 the carrier launched 18 SBDs to search ahead of the carrier, the Commander of the Enterprise Air Group , LtCdr. Howard L. Young, 12 planes of Scouting Squadron Six (VS-6) and five from VB-6, Best not being among them. Of VB-6, the crew of plane "6-B-3" was lost over Pearl Harbor . [3] On December 10 two pilots of VB-6 would sink the Japanese submarine I-70 at 23°45′N 155°35′W / 23.75°N 155.583°W / 23.75; -155.583 ( USS Enterprise sinks I-70 ) . [4]
VB-6 pilots in January 1942: Best is seated 3rd from the left.
Best himself saw his first action on February 1, 1942. At dusk VB-6 attacked Japanese shipping off Kwajalein under his command; before noon he led eight SBDs from VB-6 and one from VS-6 to attack Taroa Island , Maloelap Atoll. [5]
On February 24, 1942, Best took part in the attack of Wake Island by the Enterprise Air Group, and on March 4 Marcus Island was attacked. After these raids Enterprise returned to Pearl Harbor and accompanied the USS Hornet (CV-8) during the " Doolittle Raid " in mid-April. Both carriers then sped to the south,but were too late to take part in the Battle of the Coral Sea . Both carriers and their sister ship USS Yorktown (CV-5) were then recalled to counter a new Japanese threat at Midway Islands. Enterprise and Hornet left Pearl Harbor on May 28, the hastily repaired Yorktown two days later to take part in what became known as Battle of Midway , from 4 to June 6, 1942. [6]
After contact reports of Midway-based PBY Catalina patrol aircraft on the morning of June 4, 1942, Enterprise started to launch her air group starting on 07:06h. Under the overall command of the air group commander (CEAG) Lt.Cdr. Wade McClusky was 14 TBD-1 Devastator torpedo bombers of Torpedo Squadron 6 (VT-6), 34 SBDs of VB-6, the CEAG section, and VS-6, and ten F4F-4 Wildcat fighters of Fighting Squadron 6 (VF-6). However, the squadrons became separated and reached the Japanese independently. Only the dive bombers stayed together and reached the enemy by 09:55h. At about 10:22h the Enterprise dive bombers started to attack two Japanese carriers, which proved to be the Kaga , and the Akagi .
At this point, the attack became confused, as all 34 Dauntlesses started to attack Kaga , and none the Akagi . Obviously, Best expected to attack according to the U.S. dive bomber doctrine. This was that VB-6 would attack the nearer carrier (in that case Kaga ) and VS-6 the one further away (here Akagi ). The three-plane CEAG section was expected to attack last, as their planes were equipped with cameras to assess the damage later. However, evidently, McClusky was not aware of this, having been a fighter pilot until becoming CEAG. Therefore, McClusky began his dive on Kaga , being followed by VS-6, and Best's VB-6 was also attacking Kaga according to doctrine. Lieutenant Best noticed the error and broke off with his two wingmen to attack the Akagi . [7]
The flight deck of USS Enterprise on May 15, 1942: The first SBD is either Best's ("B-1") or that of the CO of VS-6 ("S-1").
At 10:26h Best's three SBDs attacked the Akagi . The first bomb, dropped by Lt.(jg) Edwin John Kroeger, missed. The second bomb, aimed by Ens. Frederick Thomas Weber , landed in the water, near the stern. The force wave of that hit jammed the Akagi' s rudder. [8] The last bomb, dropped by Best, punched through the flight deck and exploded in the upper hangar, in the middle of 18 Nakajima B5N2 planes, parked there. That hit doomed the Akagi . [9] Later that day, Lieutenant Best participated in the attack on the last remaining Japanese carrier - the Hiryu , possibly scoring one of the four hits. [10] After the battle, Best was awarded the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross.
However, on the morning flight Best had tested an oxygen bottle to be sure that it was not leaking caustic soda . Best's first inhalation was then filled with gas fumes. He snorted the gas fumes out, not thinking about it anymore. The next day Best began to cough up blood repeatedly. The flight surgeon found out that the gas fumes had activated latent tuberculosis. He entered the hospital at Pearl Harbor on June 24, 1942. After undergoing 32 months of treatment, Richard Best retired from the US Navy in 1944. [11]
After his retirement from the Navy Best moved to Santa Monica, California, where he lived for the rest of his life. After discharge from the hospital, Best worked in a small research division of the Douglas Aircraft Corporation. This division became part of the Rand Corporation in December 1948, where Best headed the security department until his retirement in March 1975. [12] He died in October 2001 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Best was married and had a daughter - Barbara Ann Llewellyn and a son - Richard Halsey Best II. [13]
October 28, 2001 ( 2001-10-28 ) (aged 91)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
^ "FamilySearch" . www.familysearch.org . Retrieved 2020-03-07 .
^ Hernandez, Daniel V.; Best, Richard H. (2004). SBD-3 Dauntless and the Battle of Midway . Valencia, Spain: Aeronaval Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 84-932963-0-9 .
^ Cressman and Wenger, Steady Nerves and Stout Hearts , p.53
^ "Bombing Six Action Report: 1 February 1942" . cv6.org . Retrieved 2019-04-10 .
^ "Battle of Midway: June 4–6, 1942" . cv6.org .
^ Robert J. Cressman: A Glorious Page in our History. The Battle of Midway 4 – June 6, 1942 . Pictoral Histories Publishing Co., Missoula 1990, pp. 101–102. ISBN 0-929521-40-4
^ Parshall and Tully, p. 239; Cressman, et al., p. 103
^ Jonathan/Tully, pp. 241–242
^ "Midway 42: IJN Carrier Damage"
^ Jonathan Parshall, Anthony Tully: Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway , Washington 2005, p. 257. ISBN 978-1-57488-923-9
^ Parshall/Tully say that it is difficult to assess who hit Hiryū (p. 326).
^ Jump up to: a b Moore 2014 , p. 289
^ "Navy.togetherweserved: Best, Richard H., LCDR"
^ "Richard Best – Recipient" . valor.militarytimes.com . Retrieved 2020-02-19 .
^ Moore 2014 , p. 355
^ "VB-6 action report, 4–6 June 1942"
^ Gordon W. Prange: Miracle at Midway . Penguin Books, London/New York 1982, pp. 273–274. ISBN 0-14-006814-7 ; Best's battle account: http://www.immf-midway.com/midway_itow_best.html
^ Hernandez, p. 7.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ed Skrein Wants Midway To Honor All Of The Men Who Fought In That Battle" . cinemablend.com . November 8, 2019 . Retrieved November 6, 2020 .
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Halsey Best .
Richard Halsey Best (March 24, 1910 – October 28, 2001) was a dive bomber pilot and squadron commander in the United States Navy during World War II. Stationed on the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise , Best led his dive bomber squadron at the 1942 Battle of Midway , sinking two Japanese aircraft carriers in one day, before being medically retired that same year due to damage to his lungs caused by breathing bad oxygen during the battle.
His grandfather Edward Best emigrated to the United States from England in the 1800s, living first in Wisconsin where he mustered into "F" Company of the 13th Wisconsin Infantry during the American Civil War , and later moving to California and then Oregon in his old age. Edward's son Burt Best, born in California in 1878 would later be the father of Richard H. Best. Richard H. Best was born in New Jersey in 1910. Richard married Doris Avis Albro (November 21, 1914 - December 6, 1968) on June 24, 1932, in Washington, D.C and they divorced on January 24, 1966. [1]
Richard H. Best was appointed to the United States Naval Academy (USNA) in 1928. Having graduated with honors in 1932, he served for two years aboard the light cruiser USS Richmond . In 1934 he was transferred to the Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida , as a naval aviation student. He completed his flight training in December 1935. His first assignment was Fighting Squadron Two (VF-2B) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Lexington , flying the Grumman F2F .
In June 1938, Best was given the choice to either join a patrol squadron at Panama or Hawaii , or become a flight instructor at Pensacola: he chose Pensacola, and was assigned to instruct Training Squadron Five. Anticipating what was probably coming, after a year and some months of instructing, Best decided that he could be of most use as a dive bomber pilot. He put in a request for a transfer to the Pacific Fleet in that capacity.
On May 31, 1940, Best received orders to join Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6), which was assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise . Upon arrival at the squadron's base on land, Naval Air Station North Island , California , on June 10, Best was made flight officer (operations officer) of the squadron, who was third-in-command. By early 1942, after the war in the Pacific had begun, he had advanced to executive officer (XO), a standard navy term for second-in-command, under his close friend and USNA classmate, William Hollingsworth, known as "Holly," as commander. Best subsequently became squadron commander in time for the Battle of Midway. [2]
On December 7, 1941, Best was aboard Enterprise awaiting her return to port when he learned (along with most of VB-6) that several of his squadmates on morning search had flown into the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . That evening, he flew in the first Enterprise strike of the war as one of six SBDs carrying smoke generators. His group was tasked with providing cover for Lieutenant Eugene E. Lindsey 's torpedo bombers should they find the Japanese carriers. However, the strike found nothing, and Best's group returned to Enterprise without incident, although he later called the resulting night landing "the worst...of [his] 330 carrier landings." [3]
Best saw his first real combat on February 1, 1942, flying in two strikes against the Marshall Islands . At dawn, he led VB-6's second division as part of a full-scale strike against Japanese shipping off Kwajalein . Before noon, he led eight SBDs from VB-6 and one from VS-6 to attack Taroa Island , Maloelap Atoll , a mission that would cost him one plane. [4] On February 24, 1942, Best took part in the attack of Wake Island by the Enterprise Air Group, and on March 4 Marcus Island was attacked. After these raids Enterprise returned to Pearl Harbor and accompanied USS Hornet during the Doolittle Raid in mid-April. Both carriers then sped to the south, but were too late to take part in the Battle of the Coral Sea . Both carriers and their sister ship USS Yorktown were then recalled to participate in what was to be the Battle of Midway . [5]
After contact reports from Midway-based PBY Catalina patrol aircraft on the morning of June 4, 1942, Enterprise started to launch her air group starting at 07:06. Under the overall command of the air group commander (CAG) Lt.Cdr. Wade McClusky were 14 TBD-1 Devastator torpedo bombers of Torpedo Squadron 6 (VT-6), 34 SBDs of VB-6 and VS-6, and ten F4F-4 Wildcat fighters of Fighting Squadron 6 (VF-6) . However, the squadrons became separated and reached the Japanese independently. Only the dive bombers stayed together and reached the Japanese by 09:55. At about 10:22, the Enterprise dive bombers (minus three that had dropped out with engine trouble) started to attack the two nearest Japanese carriers, Kaga and Akagi .
At this point, the attack became confused, as all 31 remaining Dauntlesses moved to attack Kaga . Best expected to attack according to U.S. dive bomber doctrine, which stated that the trailing squadron (VB-6) would attack the nearer target (in this case Kaga ), while the leading squadron (VS-6) would take the farther of the two (here Akagi ). However, McClusky, who had been a fighter pilot before becoming CEAG, was apparently unaware of this, and decided to lead VS-6 against Kaga . As the leading squadron dove past him, Best realized what was happening and broke off to attack Akagi . However, most of VB-6 missed his signal to abort and continued their dives on Kaga . Left with only his two wingmen, Best now had just three planes to attack Akagi . [6]
Best's three SBDs launched their attack at 10:26am. The first bomb, dropped by Lieutenant(jg) Edwin John Kroeger, hit the water opposite the carrier's bridge. The second bomb, dropped by Best, penetrated the flight deck and exploded in the upper hangar amongst 18 fuelled and armed Nakajima B5N 2 aircraft. [8] [9] The third bomb, dropped by Ensign Frederick Thomas Weber , exploded in the water near the stern
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