Реферат: Untitled Essay Research Paper AbstractCigarette smoking is
🛑 👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ДОСТУПНА ЗДЕСЬ ЖМИТЕ 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻
Cigarette smoking is of interest to the National Institute on Drug Abuse
the public health problems associated with this form of substance abuse and
behavior represents a prototypic dependence process. In the past few years
government has made every effort to reach the masses, in an attempt to curb
exploitation of tobbacco use, and its acceptance among Americas Youngsters.
cigarette smoking among adolescents is on the rise.
The premise that the behavior of adolescents is influenced by the behavior
parents is central to many considerations of health and social behavior (Ausubel,
Montemayor, & Svajiian, 1977; Bandura & Walters, 1963). Many young
10-18 years of age experiment with smoking, smoking is a personal choice,
exploratory in nature. Typically, it takes place in rather young people and
dependent on: first, the availability of opportunity to engage in the behavior,
having a fairly high degree of curiosity about the effects of the behavior;
it a way of expressing either conformity to the behavior or others (such
siblings or peers), forth, as in “Miller and Dollar’s” explanation of
Learning, The Copying behavior effect.
This research is to examine the effects of parental smoking (behavior), has,
decision of teens to smoke cigarettes. Due to prior studies using global
may or may not include South Eastern North Carolina. The Fayetteville/Fort
was chosen for this study to pinpoint the effects in this particular locale.
Pope Air Force Base have a very diverse socieo-economic and culturally diverse
population, which will have a positive effect on randomness of sample selection.
this association in mind, this researcher is interested in knowing if there
of Parental influence on Teen Smoking within this Military Community.
The prevalence of cigarette smoking among young teenagers
problem in the United States, many young people between the ages of 10-18
experimenting with tobacco. During the 1040’s and 50’s smoking was popular
socially acceptable. Movie stars, sports heroes, and celebrities appeared
advertisements that promoted and heavily influenced teens. Influence also
Television and other media sources. The desires to be accepted and to feel
among the most common reasons to start smoking. Yet, even though teenagers
sometimes smoke to gain independence, and to be part of the crowd parental
plays the strongest role as to whether or their children will smoke, Journal
Medical Association (JAMA), 1991. Children are exposed to and influenced
parents, siblings, and the media long before peer pressure will become a
should not smoke during pregnancy, nicotine, which crosses the placental
affect the female fetus during an important period of development so as to
brain to the addictive influence of nicotine. Prenatal exposure to smoking
been linked with impairments in memory, learning, cognition, and perception
growing child. (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 1995) Subsequent follow-up
years suggest that regardless of the amount or duration of current or past
smoking, the strongest correlation between maternal smoking and a daughter’s
occurred when the mother smoked during pregnancy. NIDA also reported that
mothers and their first born adolescents with a mean age of 12 1/2, the analysis
that 26.6% of the girls whose mother smoked while pregnant had smoked in
The 1991 smoking prevalence estimate of 25.7% is virtually no different from
previous year’s estimate of 25.5%. If current trends persist, we will not
nation’s health objectives, particularly a smoking prevalence of no more
year 2000. When comparing the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other drugs,
cigarette use did not decline substantially among high school senior among
In contrast studies performed by “household survey” by the NIDA and the CDC,
for Disease Control) in 1991 and 92 respectively, suggested that the strongest
on teenage smoking is parents. Research also revealed that approximately
of adult regular smokers smoke their first cigarette before the age of 18.
acquired while trying to determine the brand preferences of young smokers
what encouraged them to smoke and to suggest smoking prevention or smoking
strategies, the studies found that in over 80% of the households surveyed,
parents smoked. Many teenagers begin smoking to feel grow-up. However, if
still smoking when they reach 30, the reason is no longer to feel like an
point, they are smoking from habit. Goodwin, D. W., Guze, S. B. (1984).
Young children who see older children or family members smoking cigarettes
to equate smoking with being grown up. Patterns of both drinking and smoking,
are closely associated, are strongly influenced by the lifestyles of family
and by the environments in which they live. Minimal, moderate, and heavy
drinking, smoking, and drug use, among family members are strongly associated
very similar patterns of use among adolescents. Bentler, P., Newcoomb, M.,
Parents who smoke and wish they didn’t should concentrate on their own efforts
and hope that their offspring get the message.
Another good view of smoking among young people can be obtained from the
government’s Annual National Survey of drug use among seniors, and now other
school students. Reports of cigarette use in the past years have declined
almost 40% in 1975. The 30% mark was crossed in 1981, with a very gradual
decline to 25.7% in 1991 and increased to 27.8% in 1992, Johnston, O’Malley,
According to cognitive social learning theory, boys and girls learn appropriate
through reinforcement and modeling. To date, numerous studies have examined
influence on teenage smoking and has yielded equivocal results Due to the
of cigarette smoking behavior for the public health and the view that smoking
prototypical dependence process. Research taken from the TAPS (Teen-age Attitudes
and practices Survey) 1992, reported that if parents smoke, their children
to smoke. In regions of the United States that was surveyed, it was documented
9135 of 11609 (79%), of the respondents to the survey of teenage smokers
households where one or both parents/guardians smoked tobacco. This information
taken from household samples of adolescents ages 12-18 done by a computer
Telephone interviewing system (CAT). The goal of this research is to focus
systematic compilation of data collected in this survey/correlation study
basis for designing feasible and effective treatment strategies as well as
understanding of dependence associated with cigarette smoking and substance
Questions will be of nominal and rating format (attached), Non respondents
included in the study. The questions (10), will be on a 8 1/2x 11 sheet of
questions will be divided into three categories, (health history of parents
habits, and general. The Dependent variable used in this study is adolescent
A total of 500 teens male and female 14-18 years old, randomly selected from
areas around the Fort Bragg, Pope Air Force Base, and Fayetteville area.
Questionnaires will be given to individuals upon their approval to participate
study, a number two pencil will be used to write with.
Participants will be chosen at random from either the Post Exchange and the
theaters of the Fort Bragg area. Participation will be voluntary after an
study. Since this research involve minors, each participants will sign a
Each respondent will be allotted 15 minutes to complete the questionnaire,
discuss the contents with other participants. However participants, will
can discuss this issue with parents/guardians. A phone number of the researcher
given to each respondent in case of any afterthoughts. Non respondents will
included in the study. The questions (10), will be on a 8 1/2x 11 sheet of
consist of both, true/false, and nominal data, yes/no. The questions will
three categories, (health history of parents present smoking habits, and
square and t-distribution statistics will be used to identify significant
Bauman, K. E., Foshee, V. A., Linzer, M. A., Koch, G.
parental smoking classification on the association between parental and
smoking. Addictive-behaviors, 15,(5), 413-422.
Horevitz, M. J., (1985). Disasters and psychological responses
Hu, F. B. Flak, B. R., Hedeker, D. (1995). The inlfence
parental smoking on adolescent smoking behavior. Journal of Applied Social
Jessor, R. (1993). Successful adolescent development among
American Psychologist, 48, 117-126.
Johnston, L., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J. (1988). Drug use
school students, College students and other young adults. National trends
Research Monograph Series, (1979). Cigarette Smoking as
Process. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 23
Название: Untitled Essay Research Paper AbstractCigarette smoking is
Раздел: Топики по английскому языку
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Реферат: Untitled Essay Research Paper AbstractCigarette smoking is
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