Реферат: The Republic Of Colombia Essay Research Paper
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The Republic Of Colombia Essay, Research Paper
The Republic of Colombia is the fourth largest country in South
at the north-western tip of the continent. Its neighbors are Brazil and
Panama to the north-west, and Ecuador and Peru to the south. Colombia
American country that’s coast is on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean
islands under Colombian rule, and they are San Andres, Providencia, San
Rosario, Isla Fuerte, Gorgona, Gorgonilla, and Malpelo.
Colombia’s terrain is about 45% mountainous. The major mountain chain
Andes, which is the longest and second highest mountain chain in the
mountain ranges in Colombia that form the Andes. These are known as
means range. The Cordillera Occidental is 680 miles long and is about
range is on the western area that stretches from the equator to the
Cordillera Oriental is the longest range, at 750 miles long, and 8,530
northern Colombia to southern Colombia. The Cordillera Central is
the country and is 689 miles long and 10,827 ft. high making it the
highest mountain point in Colombia is the Sierra Nevada at 19,055 ft.
volcanoes in Colombia. The Cumbal is 17,500 ft. high, the Chiles is
Purace is 17,060 ft. high, and the Pan de Azucar is 16,840 ft. high.
The eastern region of Colombia is a grassy lowland. 1/6 of Colombia is
Colombia has many rivers. The most important river is the Magdalena
miles long and flows north to the Caribbean Sea. Others are the Meta,
Guaviare, and the Putamayo. There aren’t many lakes in Colombia. The
Colombia is Lake Cocha and is not very important.
If it wasn’t for the Andes mountain location, Colombia would have an
climate since it is near the equator. However, Colombia’s climate is
altitude of the land and varies greatly from section to section. The
an average temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit, and are from sea level
feet. This area is along the Pacific coast and in the eastern jungle
to six thousand feet above sea level have an average temperature of 65.5
This area is in the northern section of the Andes and are mostly
to nine thousand feet above sea level have an average temperature of
Fahrenheit, and are considered cold. Most Colombians live in this
above nine thousand feet above sea level are the severely cold regions
average temperature of below 53 degrees Fahrenheit.
The winter months in Colombia are May, June, July, August, September,
and November. This is the rainy part of the year. Summer months are
February, March, and April. This is the dry part of the year. Spring
The rainiest part of Colombia is the Choco area on the Pacific coast.
and evenings every day of the rainy season. It averages 400 inches of
driest spot is the Guijara Peninsula. It is located in the northern tip
Caribbean Sea. It averages 10 inches of rain yearly.
Because of Colombia’s assorted climate it can grow a wide range of
percent of Colombia’s land is used for farming, although there is much
for farming. Coffee is the chief agricultural product, and Colombia is
largest producer, after Brazil, because coffee beans grow best at an
and 6,600 feet. Sugarcane is grown in the hot temperate areas of the
also grown in the warm areas. Maize is grown under most climatic
highest elevation. This crop is important to the poor people of the
the hot and humid regions. A major problem that Colombia faces is the
drugs. The marijuana plants are grown in the Guajira Peninsula, because
and the soil is perfect from growing it.
Also, the fact that the peninsula is on the Caribbean coast, makes it
Colombia supplies half of the marijuana purchased in the Unites States.
that cocaine is grown in Colombia, because most of the cartels that
Colombia, but it is not. It is grown in Peru and Bolivia.1
Other major crops are cotton, potatoes, manioc, wheat, barley, tobacco,
Colombia is one of the predominate livestock producing country in South
The amount of cattle in Colombia is almost as many as people there.
horses, mules, donkey’s, pigs, sheep, and goats.
Colombia’s aquatic wildlife is found mainly in the Amazon and Orinoco
the Oceans. The Orinoco River holds many freshwater species such as
and arapaima, which is the largest freshwater fish in the world. The
piranhas, which travel in schools of 100 to 1,000, that tear flesh off
The Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea hold dolphins and stingray. Among
are the anaconda, a water snake, and numerous lizards, and crocodiles.
wildlife there are the gray-brown puma, the spotted ocelot which hunt on
jaguar which lives near the streams to feed on the water animals. A
tapir, with it’s skinny legs, dainty hooves, and long snout. The
found in Colombia, more than anywhere in the world. Colombia has over
birds such as the hummingbird, eagle, the shiny green jacamar,
tropical bird, the parakeet, and the toucan.
Colombia’s history began at about 5,000 B.C. when Indian groups roamed
territory. About one third of them were of the Chibca tribe, who lived
located. The town Bogota, which is currently the country’s capital, was
Chibchan chief2. The Chibchans lived in villages and were organized by
people’s rank was inherited from their mother. They mined gold, and
and potatoes. Another tribe was the Quimbaya, who lived on the western
Cordillera Central. Like the Chibcha, these people were very skilled
such as nose rings, ornaments, and necklaces.
The rumors and stories of these Indian tribes making gold objects, lead
explorers to come to Colombia looking for El Dorado. There was a legend
kingdom of gold known as El Dorado who’s where abouts were unknown.
Colombia is named after Christopher Columbus, although he never been on
Colombian mainland. On 1502 he sailed the Colombian shores. Colombia
discovered by Alonso de Ojeda, who was one of Christopher Columbus’s
was looking for El Dorado, but didn’t find it. Him and his men stole
the Indian tribes, who were very skilled goldsmiths, and took them back
From the period of 1499 to 1550, Colombian conquest and colonization
Rodrigo de Bastidas founded the first permanent settlement in 1525
1533 another explorer named Pedro de Heredia founded a settlement called
1536 the first expedition into Colombia’s interior was made by Gonzalo
He lead his expedition up the Magdalena River. He eventually founded
Bogota. All these conquerors conquered the land for the possession of
In 1549, King Charles V of Spain created something called an audencia
An audencia is an administrative body headed by a representative of the
courts, a legislature, and a civil government for Colombia. The
Colombia the Spanish language, the Roman Catholic Church and the Spanish
literature. In 1717 Colombia was made part of a kingdom which included
Ecuador, and Panama. This kingdom was called "The Kingdom of New
owned by Spain, but in more distant way when Colombia was separate.
By 1795 the New Granada people were unsatisfied with the way the
Taxes were way to high, and it all went to Madrid. Also, they weren’t
humanely by Spain. Word had spread out around the area of French
independence. When Napoleon’s forces invaded Spain, the leaders
advantage of Spain’s weakness and proposed independence on July 20,
and reestablished it’s self control over New Granada. On August 7,
Venezuela organized and lead an attack, and defeated the Spanish forces
Boyaca. A few months later, Venezuela and Colombia were united to form
Colombian Confederation. Simon Bolivar was President. In 1830, the
because Venezuela wanted independence.
Today, Colombia is a parliamentary republic with presidential elections
four years. The congress holds sessions every year between July and
of two houses the Chamber of Deputies, which has 131 elected members,
with 63 members. The President appoints cabinet members and cheifs of
Colombia is divided into 23 departments, and the president appoints a
department. The current president is Cesar Gaviria Trujillo.
Colombia’s population today is approximately 34,296,000. 95% of these
Roman Catholic. The capital, Bogota has an estimated 4,921,00 people,
largest city, Cali, has 1,624,00 people. After Mexico and Brazil,
populolus country in Latin America.3 About one half of the population
mixture of Indian and European descent.4 Europeans are about one fifth
and and there are some blacks, and about 400 Indian tribes.
Название: The Republic Of Colombia Essay Research Paper
Раздел: Топики по английскому языку
Тип: реферат
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