Реферат: Pesticides Effects Essay Research Paper There are
👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ВСЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ДОСТУПНА ЗДЕСЬ ЖМИТЕ 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻
Pesticides Effects Essay, Research Paper
There are many important issues in the world regarding the environment and it’s
affects on the average person. Though, the one that hits closest to home,
worldwide, is the trust that individuals have in the food that they consume. Yet
pesticides are still found daily in foods all around the world. Pesticides are
toxins that are used by produce growers universally to control pests that can
destroy crops. These toxins are being ingested by humans in the forms of fruits
and vegetables that have remaining toxins on them. How safe are these toxins to
humans and what is being done to safeguard the environment as well as the health
of individuals? Does the average person consume harmful amounts of poison at
every meal? If the levels are unsafe, why is this problem continuing to get a
blind eye from the people who are supposed to protect society? These questions
when asked only lead to more questions. Until things are done to change the
systems of pesticide usage universally, society can never be sure as to the long
term effects on our environment and what they are eating or giving to the future
of our world, the children. In some foreign countries pesticides are used more
frequently with legislative control than in the United States. In Mexico and
South America, for example, many of the pesticides that the United States and
Europe have banned, wind up being used on a majority of their produce crops. The
largest problem with this is that Europe and the United States import from South
America for produce all of the time. What good does it do to ban harmful
agricultural chemicals to be used on domestically grown crops if crops in other
countries are grown with these same harmful chemicals, and are then allowed to
be imported? Mexico and South America are the leading suppliers of produce for
the earth’s population because their climate is very conducive to year around
crops. Unfortunately those countries are also known for their large amount of
insects of all varieties. These insects are steadily becoming more and more
immune to toxins that are sprayed on crops. More than five hundred insects, one
hundred and fifty plant diseases and two hundred and seventy weeds are now
resistant to pesticides. Results are that U.S. growers as well, are steadily
forced to apply more and stronger toxins. As the amount and the strength of the
toxin increases, the immunity of the targeted insects to these toxins also
increases. Total U.S. crop losses from insect damage has nearly doubled since
1945. Insecticide use during this same time has increased tenfold. This war will
go on being waged until the game plan is changed. The produce export trade in
some cities and countries constitutes the majority of their economy and they
will protect the resulting income at all costs. These places have very little
legislation to control chemical usage, and follow up on almost none of its
effects. Officials do not care how it affects consumers, being adults or
children. Even their own agricultural worker’s health is of no concern. These
officials only care about producing crops and exporting them with as little
overhead as possible. The bottom line is, always has been, and always will be
money. In Villa Juarez, Mexico, many children who work in the produce fields are
coming down with mysterious illnesses and some people in this region put the
blame directly on those children’s contact with the chemical acephate and other
pesticides that are used in that area. The use of acephate is illegal in the
United States, but is perfectly legal in Mexico. Doctors in Juarez are treating
unusually high amounts of cancer and also fifty to eighty cases of chemical
poisoning per week in their agricultural workers. This continues to happen
because the government and the growers do not take these illnesses seriously;
the workers are expendable. Growers in Culcan Valley, Mexico use chemicals to
increase production of produce sold in the U.S. every winter. Unfortunately,
studies that were preformed by the Government Accounting office in Mexico showed
that at least six pesticides that are illegal in the U.S. were still on the
produce when it was exported. Moving on to South America, in Chile there are no
clear guidelines governing the use of agricultural chemicals on produce crops.
In the city of Rancaga, a large fruit growing region, a study was done to check
the risks that rural workers face, and what they found was astounding. Dr. Maria
Mella found that there is an alarming amount of sterility and birth defects due
to exposure to chemical pesticides in agricultural workers. Congenial
deformities were five times higher, and multiple deformities were a shocking
four times higher than normal in this part of South America. These studies were
conducted by the Women’s Institute and were based on ten thousand infants born
in this region. Dr. Mella insists that these chemicals cause deformities in
infants, sterility in workers, and induced miscarriages. Horribly, she
approximates that up to sixty percent of pesticides used on wheat in South
America are still present on the bread when it is consumed. Seeing how harmful
pesticides can be to the workers who create the produce, one must wonder how
much it can affect the consumer, maybe it depends on the strength and the
harmfulness of the chemicals. In Chile, many pesticides are derived from
Thalidomide, a sleeping pill used in the 1950’s, but it was removed from the
United States when it was found to be responsible for severe deformities in
infants, infants born without limbs. Other pesticides that are used in Chile are
parathon, paraquat, and lindane. They have already been banned in most other
countries. Chile is among the countries with the weakest and least restrictive
legislation on the control of pesticides. They also use products like
pentachlophenal, which is a highly toxic fungicide used on their crops. It
usually ends up seeping into ground water, which in turn is consumed by
individuals and attacks the central nervous system. We import strawberries and
grapes from Chile every day in America that probably contains one or more of
these harmful chemicals. We also import a great percentage of our bananas from
Costa Rica. The banana industry runs the government there because banana
exportation is the major economic income for Costa Rica and they donate much of
their efforts to keeping up the banana crops. In Costa Rica, banana production
accounts for five percent of the land, twenty percent of their export revenues,
and a whopping thirty-five percent of their pesticide business. Workers start
applying toxins early in the production of bananas because they are susceptible
to insects. They apply about thirty kilograms of active pesticides per acre, per
year and they spray fungicide up to forty times per year. This is ten times
higher than the normal amount used on produce. The Worldwide Health Organization
says that the pesticides used in South America are the most dangerous in the
world. Growers use chemicals like fenamifos, etoprop, and paraquat, all of which
are banned or are being reviewed. Exposure of workers to these chemicals has
caused blindness, sterility and even death. The growers use such high amounts of
chemicals because worm infestation is high in fledging bananas. Therefore,
workers tie bags of pesticides directly on young banana bunches, but when the
wind blows, the bags are swept into streams and rivers. It is the people of
Costa Rica who pay a high price for bananas. Many well-known names in the banana
business grow their bananas in Costa Rica. Chiquita, Dole, and Del Monte are
just a few, for example, that have fields there. They claim that they are
concerned for the health of the consumers and workers, but they have actually
done very little to change the way pesticides are being handled and tested. The
Costa Rican regulatory service is responsible for checking up on banana growers,
but the head of the department has admitted that he has never visited a banana
plantation because he has no funding for vehicles. What kind of dummy
organization is this? The only checks that are being conducted are randomly done
when they are exporting the bananas. There has never been a case when the
bananas entering the United States, were checked, did not exceed the limits of
pesticide residue. Growers are more concerned with how their bananas look that
if they are harmful to the consumer. This leads to the question, why does the
United States allow the produce into its supermarkets? Who is getting paid? Over
half of the U.S. House of Representatives has agreed to sign a new bill that
will weaken the federal laws regarding high-risk pesticides in foods and water.
Maybe this is because these same representatives have been traced to thirteen
million dollars donated to them in the name of campaign contributions. Who
contributed this money? The pesticide industry contributed most of the thirteen
million, and they have steadily filled the pockets of our trusted
representatives for sometime. But what about Americans, they spend ten percent
of their incomes and food for their families, but for what? To be poisoned? The
Food and Drug Administration and the USDA share responsibility for checking the
levels of toxins in the U.S. foods, but the toxins are still being allowed to
exceed the U.S. definitions of safety for adults, but not for children. The
toxins that are included in these guidelines derive from an unlikely source. Not
only are the pesticides that we are using harming produce, the fertilizers as
well are just as harmful. Farmers think they are helping there are plants, but
instead they are really creating toxic foods. Pollution industries send millions
of pounds of toxic waste, which include lead, dioxin and arsenic. These are
wastes, which would otherwise be subject to rigorous, and hazardous waste
disposal laws are sold to fertilizer and pesticide companies under the disguise
of "recycling." These wastes are incorporated into commercial
pesticides and fertilizers and then applied to the nation’s farmland. The
Environmental Working Group discovered that two hundred and seventy-one million
pounds of toxic waste were delivered to farms, fertilizer, and pesticide
manufacturers between 1990 and 1995. There were sixty-nine toxins in all. The
EWG has identified more than six hundred companies in forty-four states that
sent toxic waste to farms in thirty-eight states. What is this saying about
farmers who purchase these products? Do they really know what they are buying?
What is this saying about the fertilizer and pesticide companies? What is this
saying about our government for allowing this to continue? Is it fair that
ignorance is forced upon parents who allow their babies to consume the fruit and
vegetables, which are tainted with deadly poisons? Everyday children are pushed
by their parents to eat more produce than anyone else is in the name of healthy
eating. When thinking of children, if the levels of toxins in possible sources
of food do not account for small children then what about infants? If a large
portion of our produce is imported from South America and Mexico, then some of
this produce is ending up in baby food products. There is not enough protective
legislation for the use of pesticides on produce that go into baby food, and
what there is, is becoming more laxed every year. The Environmental Working
Group commissioned a laboratory test of eight baby food products produced by
three main manufacturers. These manufacturers are Heinz, Gerber and Beechnut.
They found sixteen different pesticides within them. There are three suspected
carcinogens, five known carcinogens, eight neurotoxins, and the last five are
the most toxic chemicals. It is estimated by some doctors that everyday about
one million children under the age of five ingest unsafe levels of pesticide
toxins. The American Association of Poison Control centers estimates that there
are one million human pesticide poisonings, and about twenty thousand of them
result in death every year. That is a statistic that the House of
Representatives would not like their constituents to know. Our heavy use of
chemicals and pesticides in the environment is not just harmful towards humans,
our wildlife pays a heavy as well. Animal and insect reproductive patterns are
being affected, populations are declining and many species are experiencing an
extordinary increase in deformities. Frogs for example, are being extremely
affected. In the summer of 1995, a group of teenage students took a hike near a
pond in Minnesota. Suprisingly, these frogs were found to have an unusual number
of appendages. These frogs had anywhere from two to six legs total. In fact, on
of the frogs spotted had three feet on one leg. Minnesota scientists have cited
the likely cause as being chemical toxins. Since this incident, deformed frogs
have been found at one hundred and seventy-four sites in several northern U.S.
states. Aside from having deformities, the number of frogs in these areas are
dwindiling in numbers. The frog population is also decreasing in countries like
Australia, India, Europe, Central and South America, and in the majority of the
western United States. The Declinig Amphibians Population Task Force was set up
by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, and has backing from
many governments, including the United States. Their scientists are continuilly
looking for reasons for the mysterious population decreases. It has been thought
that pesticides used by nearby farms is the leading cause. Scientists have
discovered that not only are the appendeges of frogs being affected by
pesticides and chemicals, but the hormonal makeup of other wildlife is being
affected as well. Many pesticides and other chemicles released into our
enviornment funtion as endocrine disrupters, alter the hormonal makeup of
wildlife and humans. Problems in the reproductive system have been discovered in
harbor seals, snapping turtles, and double crested cormorants. Behavorial
abnormalities have been cited in different species of gulls and terns, and
immune suppression in beluga whales, common terns and gulls has been documented,
according to the National Wildlife Federation. An NWF study reprts that
endocrine Disruptors have resulted in animal offspring whose gender distinctions
are unclear. "Alligators, western gulls and rainbow trout have emerged with
rudimentary sexual organs, and western and herring gulls have been observed
exhibiting mating behaviors of both genders.." Most people, no matter what
their view is on pesticide usage, will agree that to maintain a healthy
lifestyle, eating properly outweighs the risk of ingesting possible residues.
After all, society knows that fruits and vegetables are very important to
maintain a balanced diet. So produce must be protected and maybe there are safer
ways of doing it. In some countries like China, they encourage the service and
population of spiders and other insect-eating creatures within their rice crops.
When we spray poisons to kill pests, we are also killing that pest’s natural
predators. The only way individuals can protect themselves and their children is
to rinse fruit and vegetables thoroughly under running water. Also peeling
fruits helps to remove surface residue. Another way to prevent the intake of
pesticides is to throw away the outer leaves of vegetables. Cooking and baking
foods also helps to kill residues and bacteria. If society is going to stop the
escalation of pesticides, then alternative solutions must be explored and put
Adhous, Peter. "Ween Chemical: The Pieces Fall in Place." Science 6
Nov 992:893. Online. Internet. 13 Oct.1998. Available http://207.82.250/251/cigibin/getmsg?
Cook, Ken. "Toxic Waste from Steel Mills?’Recycled’ by Fertilizer
Companies for Crop Use." Media Advisory from Fenton Communications 26 Mar.
1998. 1-2. Online. Internet. 14 Oct. 1998 Available http://www.ems.org/archive/cp_ma_835.260398.html
"Do Pesticides on Fruits and Vegetables Threaten Children?"
Environmental Threats on Children. EPA Sept. 1996. Online. Internet. 11 Oct.
1998. Available http://www.epa.gov/epadocs/child.htm Godoy, Hugo.
"Pesticides Pose Danger to Chilean Workers." Latinamerica Press 16
Dec. 1993. Online. Internet. 11 Oct. 1998. Available http://www.cnr.org.pe/na-1p/INDEX.HTM
Loops, Marilyn. "Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children: What Are
the Issues?" National Network for ChildCare Online. Internet. 11 Oct 1998.
Available http://www.exnet.iastate.edu/pages/nncc/Nutrition/pestic.infant.html
"Our Vanishing Wildlife." In Harmony. Online. Internet. 11 Oct. 1998.
Available http://www.inharmony.com./pestwild.htm "Pesticide and Food
Safety." California Environmental Protection Agency: Department of
Pesticide Regulation July 1997:1-2. Online. Internet. 11 Oct. 1998. Available
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov. "Pesticides and Food Safety." IFIC Jan. 1995:
1-13. Online. Internet. 13 Oct. 1998 Available http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/agfacts/pesticides/pesticides.html
Pimental, David. "Environmental and Economic Costs of Pesticides."
Bioscience Nov. 1998. Online. Internet. 13 Oct. 1998 Available
http://207.82.250/251/cgi-bin/getmsg? Wheat, Andrew. "Toxic Bananas."
Multinational Monitor Sept. 1996: 9-15 Online. Internet. 13 Oct. 1998. Available
http://www.essential.org/monitor/hyper/mm0996.04.html Zuckerman, Seth.
"Across the Great Divide." Sierra Sept. 1992: 20-21. Online. Internet.
7 Apr. 1998. Available http://207.82.250/251/cgi-bin/getmsg?
Название: Pesticides Effects Essay Research Paper There are
Раздел: Топики по английскому языку
Тип: реферат
Добавлен 00:37:16 05 ноября 2010 Похожие работы
Просмотров: 4
Комментариев: 15
Оценило: 2 человек
Средний балл: 5
Оценка: неизвестно Скачать
Срочная помощь учащимся в написании различных работ. Бесплатные корректировки! Круглосуточная поддержка! Узнай стоимость твоей работы на сайте 64362.ru
Привет студентам) если возникают трудности с любой работой (от реферата и контрольных до диплома), можете обратиться на FAST-REFERAT.RU , я там обычно заказываю, все качественно и в срок) в любом случае попробуйте, за спрос денег не берут)
Да, но только в случае крайней необходимости.
Реферат: Pesticides Effects Essay Research Paper There are
Рязанская Область Реферат
Дипломная работа: Биология белки и ее хозяйственное значение в Благовещенском районе
Контрольная работа по теме Соучастие в преступлении и совокупность преступлений. Необходимая оборона. Особенности уголовной ответственности и наказания несовершеннолетних
Курсовая работа по теме Основы политики занятости в России
Реферат по теме Эволюция биосферы, ее ресурсы и пределы устойчивости
Реферат: Чайковский в Петербурге
Курсовая работа: Іван Якович Франко
Дипломная работа по теме Разработка мероприятий по совершенствованию управления потребительским кредитованием ОАО 'Россельхозбанк'
Дипломная Работа Старость
Реферат: Поняття про волю теорії волі розвиток волі в дитячому віці
Лабораторная Работа 5 По Биологии Пономарева
Реферат: Совершенствование организации и оплаты труда механизатора на посеве кукурузы
Биосфера как система взаимодействия живого и неживого
Реферат На Тему Силос. Научные Основы Силосования И Факторы Влияющие На Этот Процесс
Контрольная Работа По Физике 6 Класс
Курсовая работа по теме Оценка асимметрии регионального развития: мониторинг исходных данных
Бархатные Революции Реферат
Сочинение Что Такое Счастье 7 Класс
Арбитражные суды
Реферат по теме Журналистика Швеции
Контрольная работа: Правоотношение
Контрольная работа: Земельно-правовые сделки
Реферат: Аттестация рабочего места /Укр./