Red Fox
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Red Fox
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A red fox photographed in Lincoln, Nebraska
A red fox photographed in Lincoln, Nebraska
Average Life Span In The Wild : 2 to 4 years
Size : Head and body: 18 to 33.75 inches; tail: 12 to 21.75 inches
IUCN Red List Status : ? Least concern
Foxes are nocturnal, solitary creatures that tend to fight less than other canids. But these two foxes were captured on camera fighting on a sidewalk in north London.
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This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. Follow us on Instagram at @natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for the latest submissions and news about the community.
This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. Follow us on Instagram at @natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for the latest submissions and news about the community.
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Red foxes live around the world in many diverse habitats including forests, grasslands, mountains, and deserts. They also adapt well to human environments such as farms, suburban areas, and even large communities. The red fox's resourcefulness has earned it a legendary reputation for intelligence and cunning.
Red foxes are solitary hunters who feed on rodents, rabbits, birds, and other small game—but their diet can be as flexible as their home habitat. Foxes will eat fruit and vegetables, fish, frogs, and even worms. If living among humans, foxes will opportunistically dine on garbage and pet food.
Like a cat's, the fox's thick tail aids its balance, but it has other uses as well. A fox uses its tail (or “brush”) as a warm cover in cold weather and as a signal flag to communicate with other foxes.
Foxes also signal each other by making scent posts—urinating on trees or rocks to announce their presence.
In winter, foxes meet to mate. The vixen (female) typically gives birth to a litter of 2 to 12 pups. At birth, red foxes are actually brown or gray. A new red coat usually grows in by the end of the first month, but some red foxes are golden, reddish-brown, silver, or even black. Both parents care for their young through the summer before they are able to strike out on their own in the fall.
Red foxes are hunted for sport, though not extensively, and are sometimes killed as destructive pests or frequent carriers of rabies.
WATCH: A Fierce Fox Fight on a City Sidewalk
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Alternate titles: Vulpes vulpes, common fox
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Related Topics:
silver fox
Samson fox
cross fox
black fox
Old World red fox
... (Show more)
The preferred habitat of red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) is a mixed landscape—made up of patches of forests, grasslands, and other land-use types—but they live in environments ranging from Arctic tundra to arid desert.
Widely held as a symbol of animal cunning, the red fox is the subject of considerable folklore. (See Sidebar: Most...
A red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) near a snow-covered hill.
See a red fox family in the fields of Germany, the mother bringing a deer leg to her hungry pups
A red fox taking a deer leg to her hungry pups.
In the Old World the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) ranges over virtually all of Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa. In the New World it inhabits most of North America. Introduced to Australia, it has established itself throughout much of that continent.
See red fox kits squabbling for food
View a female red fox feeding and caring her newborn kits in an underground den
Learn how a female red fox cares for her newborn kits during their first weeks of life in this video.
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
red fox , ( Vulpes vulpes ), also called common fox , species of fox (family Canidae ) found throughout Europe , temperate Asia , northern Africa , and North America . It has the largest natural distribution of any land mammal except human beings. First introduced to Australia in the 19th century, it has since established itself throughout much of the continent .
Widely held as a symbol of animal cunning, the red fox is the subject of considerable folklore . In addition, red foxes are hunted for sport and for their fur and are raised commercially for pelts.
Red foxes are generally about 90–105 cm (36–42 inches) long—about 35–40 cm (14–16 inches) of this being the tail—and stand about 40 cm tall at the shoulder. Most adults weigh about 5–7 kg (10–15 pounds), but the largest individuals may approach 14 kg (31 pounds). The red fox has a coat of long guard hairs and soft fine underfur that is typically a rich reddish brown. Its tail is often white-tipped, and it has black ears and legs . Its colour, however, is variable. In North America, black and silver coats are found, with a variable amount of white or white-banded hair occurring in a black coat, and these animals are sometimes called silver foxes . A form called the cross, or brant, fox is yellowish brown with a black cross extending between the shoulders and down the back. It is found in both North America and the Old World. The Samson fox is a mutant strain of red fox found in northwestern Europe. It lacks the long guard hairs, and the underfur is tightly curled.
The preferred habitat of red foxes is a mixed landscape—made up of patches of forests , grasslands , and other land-use types—but they live in environments ranging from Arctic tundra to arid desert . Red foxes adapt very well to human presence, thriving in areas with farmland and woods, and populations can be found in many large cities , suburbs, and other urban ecosystems . Mice , voles , and rabbits , as well as eggs , fruit , and birds , make up most of the diet, but foxes readily eat other available food such as carrion, grain (especially sunflower seeds), garbage, pet food left unattended overnight, and domestic poultry .
By the middle of the 20th century, wolves and other large predators, whose aggressive behaviour and territoriality tend to check the activities of red foxes, had been largely removed by humans from the urban and agricultural areas of Europe and North America. This development has allowed red foxes—as well as other medium-sized predators (or mesopredators ) such as coyotes and raccoons —to hunt, forage , and breed without fear of encountering a larger, more-aggressive competitor , which, in turn, has allowed red foxes to place substantial hunting pressure on birds and other prey. On the prairies of North America, it is estimated that red foxes kill close to one million wild ducks each year. Their impact on domestic birds and some wild game birds has led to their numbers often being regulated near game farms and bird-production areas.
Red foxes, like many species that have moved into urban areas, continue to adapt to conditions presented by human-dominated environments. Most of these adaptations are behavioral, such as becoming more nocturnal and more aggressive in urban ecosystems ; however, some biologists also note that urban foxes have developed shorter and wider snouts and smaller braincases compared with their rural counterparts.
The red fox is hunted for sport and for its pelt , which is a mainstay of the fur trade ( see also foxhunting ). Fox pelts, especially those of silver foxes, are commonly produced on fox farms, where the animals are raised until they are fully grown at approximately 10 months of age. In much of their range, red foxes are the primary carrier of rabies . Several countries, especially the United Kingdom and France , have extensive culling and vaccination programs aimed at reducing the incidence of rabies in red foxes.
Red foxes mate in winter . After a gestation period of seven or eight weeks, the female (vixen) gives birth to 1–10 or more (5 is average) young (kits, cubs, or pups). Birth takes place in a den, which is commonly a burrow abandoned by another animal. It is often enlarged by the parent foxes. The cubs remain in the den for about five weeks and are cared for by both parents throughout the summer . The young disperse in the fall once they are fully grown and independent.
The red fox is infinitely adaptable, and can survive and flourish in just about any environment that it finds itself in.
Because it’s so common, the red fox has become the popular face of the fox family. And thanks to being made famous by Disney films ( The Fox and the Hound), countless documentaries about the natural world, literature ( The Fantastic Mr. Fox and literally hundreds of other stories), and the subject of paintings and murals all over the world, the red fox has become part of our everyday lives, and even though it’s regarded as being one of the worlds hundred most invasive species, this wily canine has managed to inveigle its way into almost every single aspect of modern life.
But what do you actually know about the red fox? How much do you know about this species that has made its mark in almost every corner of the globe?
The red fox is a surprisingly versatile, and fascinating animal, and with the help of our comprehensive guide to the instantly familiar Vulpes archetype, you’ll discover everything that you ever wanted, and need, to know about this incredible creature.
Contrary to popular opinion, red foxes aren’t quite as small as you may have been led to believe. They tend to be around two feet, or twenty-four inches, tall and three feet, or thirty-six inches, long. Their faces, backs, sides, and most of their tails are covered in red fur, which is where the species, whose scientific designation is Vulpes vulpes (Vulpes being the Latin word for fox), get its name from.
However, even though the majority of its body is covered in crimson fur, the red fox’s paws tend to black, while its chest and stomach are covered in grayish, white fur, and the tip of its tail is usually capped in fluffy, white fur. It also has a long snout and pointed ears, both of which are common to all foxes and members of the canine species.
Being a member of the canine species, the red fox shares a lot of dog-like characteristics. It’s a long, slender animal that looks a lot like a small to medium-sized domestic dog, and in the low light of dusk can often be mistaken for just another neighborhood pooch out for a late-night stroll.
In fact, due to the red foxes’ bold and curious nature, and their ability to easily adapt to, and live in almost any environment, they’re becoming increasingly common in urban as well as rural areas. So, if you do spot a strange, reddish-brown dog in your residential area, think twice about offering it a treat or calling it over for a fuss. It might not be the dog that you think it is, it might actually be a fox.
Melanism is the genetic predisposition to black pigmentation, which means that some members of the red fox family can be covered in black fur, and don’t have the same gray and white hair on their chests and tails as stereotypical members of the species do.
Unlike other canines, red foxes aren’t pack animals and tend to be solitary hunters, until they mate and from that point on, live in small family groups. T
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