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Rasht was originally a bastion located between the two rivers Goharrood and Sayahrood, and has a long history. But in terms of urban history, the first time Hamda … Mostofi mentioned it in the eighth century AH. The old name for Rasht was Daralmorz or Daralaman, which was referred to as Bihar before the two. In the dictionaries, the river or estuary has been designated between the two rivers, and it seems that the reason for its naming is to be located between the two rivers, which were considered as shields and walls of the city. The plaster is also said to make the house white; the sludge; the soils; the soils;. Dehkhoda believes that since the city of Rasht was built in the year AH, so the name of this place has been used as a matter of history and the word Rasht is in the name of Abjad. The development of the city of Rasht started from the time of Shah Abbas Safavi, who was then a Qusayr, and during the Qajar period, due to the economic development of Iran and Russia, the old name of the localities of the city of Rasht, which mostly reflects the occupation of its inhabitants. This ancient texture, while being a part of the cultural heritage and reminiscent of the relics, traditions and traditions of ancient times, can be one of the significant problems in the urban context of this city. Rasht, known as the city of silver rains. It is the capital of Guilan province, and for the first time its name is mentioned in the book about al-Alam, written in the year AH, with a large area. This led to the great owners and Iranian, Russian, Greek, and Armenian merchants who were silk merchants of Silk, and the city of Rasht grew dramatically. Murgunov, a Russian tourist who had traveled to Rasht in the year 6 AH, wrote in his memoirs that the city had two houses, a shop, and two people at that time. In his view, Rasht was a city well endowed with beautiful seaside homes where traders from India, Bukhara, Rome and the Ottomans traveled in silk soda. The independence movement of the jungle, the expansion of cities, the establishment of numerous schools and the promotion of the culture of the citizens of Rasht made it one of the most progressive cities in the country. Geographical location of Rasht metropolis. The plaster is also said to make the house white; the sludge; the soils; the soils; Dehkhoda believes that since the city of Rasht was built in the year AH, so the name of this place has been used as a matter of history and the word Rasht is in the name of Abjad.

Geographical location

Rasht buy coke

Health Scope. Nutritional concerns about cereal-based diets are important issues worldwide, especially vitamin and mineral deficiency in susceptible individuals such as children younger than five years and women at reproductive age 1. Mineral compounds are essential to daily food needs 2. Because of high consumption of wheat in a variety of food products, it is considered an important source of mineral compounds 1. Heavy metals are the most noxious materials, due to no biodegradability and their potential to cause inappropriate effects 4 , 5. The presence of heavy metals in food is determined by some factors such as environmental parameters, mode of production, and processing 6 , 7. The effect of environmental pollution on contamination of foods and on their safety for human consumption is a serious global issue 8 , 9. Many reports have investigated the heavy metals contents in foodstuff 10 - Some heavy metals such as lead Pb , cadmium Cd , and nickel Ni are extendedly used in various industrial centers These elements are non-essential materials for nearly all living creatures. Pb, Cd, and other heavy metals can enter wheat flour and then bread 10 , It has been reported that all types of grain contain trace metals such as iron Fe , manganese Mn , magnesium Mg , copper Cu , and zinc Zn , which might be due to environmental condition such as weather during cultivation, rain, and levels of contamination 5 , Application of chemical fertilizer and using sewage sludge during the cultivation of cereals will substantially increase the levels of Pb, Zn, and Cd 9. Food processing equipment and containers have been long recognized as a source of trace metals such as Fe, Cu, Pb, and chromium Cr in the processed foods Iranian breads like, Barbari, Lavash, Taftoon, and Sangak are mainly produced from wheat flours The important subject in field of food sciences is daily intake of food materials 1 , 2. The daily intake of bread in Iran is gram per person Mean daily intake of bread in the world is to gram per person The aim of this study was to determine the contents of heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, arsenic As in selected samples of breads that were baked in bakeries bakery stores of Rasht City in In addition, the daily intake of these heavy metals was determined based on bread per capita consumption. In this study, 40 samples of several types of bread were collected from bakeries in different areas of Rasht city, center of Guilan province, Iran. This research was performed by two duplicates with a replicates. There are different types of bakery in north provinces of Iran. These bakeries produce several types of bread such as Barbari, Lavash, Sangak, and Baguette. Forty pieces of these breads were randomly collected from bakeries at different areas of Rasht City in Bread samples were prepared according to Khaniki et al. First, the bread samples were left to air dry before sub-sample were taken from each group and then were ground with Titanium knives and stored in high-density polyethylene bottles with mL capacity. After cooling the samples, 2 mL of nitric acid, 0. Working condition of the used ICP instrument is presented in Table 1. The daily intake of heavy metals through bread consumption was determine with the following equation 1 , 2 :. According to Food and Drug Organization of Iran, average daily intake of bread in Iran is gram per person The results of this study showed that the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Co in the Barbari bread samples ranged respectively from 0 to 1. In this study, the concentration of As was below detection limits in all of the samples Table 2. In Table 2 , daily intake of the studied heavy metals was presented. We investigated the levels of heavy metals for the 40 samples of different breads collected from bakeries of Rasht city. In this research, the average values of Cr for the different breads were more than other heavy metals. The levels of Cr in the bread samples ranged from 0. The levels of Cr had no significant difference between different breads. Cd concentrations ranged from 0 to 3. The levels of Pb in the bread samples showed a large variation among the different breads; the highest content of Pb in Baguette bread was approximately three-times higher than the lowest level in Lavash bread. The levels of Ni in all breads ranged from 0. The Co levels in the studied breads ranged from 0 to 1. Barbari had the highest average levels of Co among other breads. In this study, As could not be detected in samples. Khaniki et al. In this study, variation of Pb, Cd, and Ni have been found to range respectively from 0. Jawad et al. Harmankaya et al. In another research, mean levels of Cd, Cr, and Ni in the flour of breads in Kalabar City Nigeria were determined as 0. Magomia et al. Tumir et al. In another research in Tenerif City of Spain, mean contents of Pb and Cd in the wheat of breads were determined as 0. Estimated daily intake of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co according to consumption of different breads was performed using market basket. Estimated daily intake of Cd through diet, calculated for a standard individual, was The daily intake of Pb from the breads samples were 4. Estimated Pb intake for a standard individual was Llobet et al. In this research, the mean daily estimated intake for Cr, Ni, and Co from different breads was respectively 6, 4. Different factors affect the heavy metals contamination in foodstuff and breads. One of the most important contaminations source of breads is environmental pollution, especially agricultural soils pollution with heavy metals In these areas, heavy metals are transferred to roots of agricultural plants such as wheat, rice, and other cereals. Another way of heavy metals contamination is preparation and processing operations in the consumed breads. During the processing and preparation of breads, some additive materials such as contaminated water, salt, yeast, and baking soda can contaminate the breads with heavy metals Secondary pollution with heavy metals in the breads includes packaging and urban and bakery air pollution are other ways of bread contamination. A review of the dietary intakes of chemical contaminants. Bull World Health Organ. Statement on tolerable weekly intake for Cadmium. Eur Food Saf Auth. Jahed Khaniki GR. Pakistan J Nutr. Fraga CG. Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health. Mol Aspects Med. Demirozu B, Saldamli I. Metallic contamination problem in a pasta production plant. Turkish J Eng Sci. Jawad I, Allafaji SH. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. Alomary A, Wedian F. Jordan j Chem. Assessment of heavy metals in wheat plants irrigated with contaminated wastewater. Pol J Environ Stud. Trace metal contaminants in Iranian flat breads. J Agric Soc Sci. Ame J Appl Chem. Content and daily intake of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and mercury from dietary supplements in Mexico. Food Chem Toxicol. Variation of heavy metal and micro and macro element concentrations of bread and durum wheats and their relationship in grain of Turkish wheat cultivars. Environ Monit Assess. Copper and zinc contents of Nigerian foods and estimates of the adult dietary intakes. Food Chem. Iran Health Ministry. Potassium Bromate and heavy metals contents of selected bread samples produced in Zaria, Nigeria. Int j Sci Tech. Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market. Food Control. Metals in wheat flour; comparative study and safety control. Nutr Hosp. European Food Safety Authority. Scientific opinion on lead in food. Eur Food Saf Aut J. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in common foods and estimated daily intake by children, adolescents, adults, and seniors of Catalonia, Spain. J Agric Food Chem. We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. They also allow us to analyze user behavior in order to constantly improve the website for you. Health Scope: Vol. Objectives: This research was aimed at investigating content of heavy metals in the different breads in Rasht metropolis of northern Iran. Results: The mean content of the As, Cd, and Pb in different breads were respectively as follows: Barbari, 0, 0. The mean concentration of Cr, Ni, and Co levels in the selected breads was respectively as follows: 1. The total daily intake of the studied heavy metals was determined The high levels Cr 8. Conclusions: The high contents of daily intake of Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg by the breads cause undesirable health effects on people. Prevention of heavy metals in to the durums and breads during wheat, rice, and other agricultural productions in cultivation, harvest, and grinding stages, storage of flour, and baking breads is necessary. Background Nutritional concerns about cereal-based diets are important issues worldwide, especially vitamin and mineral deficiency in susceptible individuals such as children younger than five years and women at reproductive age 1. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the contents of heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, arsenic As in selected samples of breads that were baked in bakeries bakery stores of Rasht City in Materials and Methods In this study, 40 samples of several types of bread were collected from bakeries in different areas of Rasht city, center of Guilan province, Iran. Table 1. Table 2. Figure 1. References 1. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. Leave a comment here:. Cookie Setting We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience.

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