Psilocybe

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Psilocybe

Psilocybe merdaria

Psilocybe

Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer

Psilocybe

Наш сайт сайт обнаружил, что Вы используете устаревший и небезопасный браузер. Это не позволит Вам использовать данный сайт. Пожалуйста, установите современный браузер. The main compounds responsible for its psychedelic effects are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae. A formal description of the species was published by Elsie Wakefield in in the Transactions of the British Mycological Society, based on a specimen she had recently collected at Kew Gardens. She had begun collecting the species as early as The mushroom is not generally regarded as being physically dangerous to adults. Since all the psychoactive compounds in P. However, since most people find them overly bitter and they are too small to have great nutritive value, this is not frequently done. Psilocybe cyanescens can sometimes fruit in colossal quantity; more than , mushrooms were found growing in a single patch at a racetrack in England. Psilocybe cyanescens, like many other psilocybin containing mushrooms, is sometimes cultivated. Due to the fruiting requirements of the species, it is challenging but possible to get P. Outdoor cultivation in an appropriate climate is relatively easy. Yield per pound of substrate is low when compared to other psilocybin containing mushrooms for both indoor and outdoor cultivation. The combination of poor yield and difficulty may explain why P. Psilocybe cyanescens mycelium is much easier to grow than actual fruits are, can be grown indoors, and is robust enough that it can be transplanted in order to start new patches. Mycelium can also be propagated via stem butt transplantation. Many of the cultivation techniques used with other members of the genus Psilocybe can be used to grow P. Cultivated P. Psilocybe cyanescens spores. Appearance Psilocybe cyanescens has a hygrophanous pileus cap that is caramel to chestnut-brown when moist, fading to pale buff or slightly yellowish when dried. Caps generally measure from 1. The color of the pileus is rarely seen in mushrooms outside of the P. Most parts of the mushroom, including the cap and Lamellae gills, underneath the cap can stain blue when touched or otherwise disturbed, probably due to the oxidation of psilocin. The lamellae are adnate, and light brown to dark purple brown in maturity, with lighter gill edges. There is no distinct annulus, but immature P. Both the odor and taste are farinaceous. According to some authors, the holotype collection of the species from Kew Gardens featured no pleurocystidia, but North American collections are characterized by common clavate-mucronate pleurocystidia. However, pleurocystidia are present in the holotype collection but not easily to observe since hymenium is collapsed. In European collections of P. In , an epitype from Hamburg, Germany was designated. Fresh sporocarps and mycelia of P. This staining is most noticeable on the stem which is white when undisturbed but can also occur on other parts of the mushroom, including the gills, cap, and mycelium. This staining is due primarily to the oxidation of psilocin. Psilocybin cannot be oxidized directly, but is quickly converted via enzymatic action to psilocin at injury sites which can then be oxidized, so even specimens with little psilocin still generally blue. Psilocybe cyanescens in situ Related species Other related species may include P. There is phylogenetic evidence that there are two distinct clades in the complex, one consisting of P. A very close relative of P. It is often difficult or impossible to distinguish between members of the P. Although not closely related, Psilocybe cyanescens has been at least occasionally confused with Galerina marginata with fatal results. The two mushrooms have generally similar habits and appearances, and bear a superficial resemblance to each other such that inexperienced mushroom-seekers may confuse the two. The two species can grow side-by-side, which may add to the chance of confusion. The two mushrooms have different colored spores, making a spore print essential to proper identification. Psilocybe cyanescens grows today primarily on wood chips, especially in and along the perimeter of mulched plant beds in urban areas, but can also grow on other lignin-rich substrates. Fruitings have been reported in natural settings previously although most appear to be migrations from mulched plant beds. The species does not typically grow on mulch that is made from bark. In the United States, P. The range in which P. This rapid expansion of range may be due in part to the simple expedient of P. Although it has been speculated that P. Fruiting is dependent on a drop in temperature. Psilocybe cyanescens often fruits gregariously or in cespitose clusters, sometimes in great numbers. Solitary fruits are sometimes also found. The fruits of P. It has also been shown that P. Indole content has been shown to be higher in North American specimens of P. This was, however, caused by the fact that Gartz did not analyze the genuine P. North American fruiting bodies of P. European fruiting bodies have been shown to have between 0. North American specimens of P. Its potency means that it is widely sought after by users of recreational drugs in those areas where it grows naturally. Psilocybe cyanescens specimens do not fall under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances because the convention does not cover naturally occurring plants that incidentally contain a scheduled drug. However, many countries choose to prohibit possession of psilocybin containing mushrooms, including P. Countries that have banned or severely regulated the possession of P. Although this is difficult to enforce since no species of Psilocybe mushroom has spores containing psilocybin or psilocin. Because of this, Psilocybe cyanescens spores are not illegal to possess in many US states. It is illegal to possess spores in Georgia and Idaho, and illegal to possess them with the intent to produce mushrooms in California.

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Psilocybe

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