Психоделики — TheQuestion

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Can we derive values from psychedelic experience? That is to say what, if anything, does psychedelic experience tell us about how to live our lives? Some related questions came up: Is there a common set of values that unites the psychedelic community? To what extent are values actually imbued by the psychedelic experience, and to what extent do they already exist in individuals? This post takes a closer look at some of the psychedelic literature in light of these questions and suggests some answers. Openness is one of five personality traits in the Big Five or Five Factor Model, a standard and well validated psychometric measurement in personality psychology. Here is a quick definition of trait openness from Wikipedia:. Openness reflects the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity and a preference for novelty and variety a person has. It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent and depicts a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine. High openness can be perceived as unpredictability or lack of focus. A study by Maclean et al. They were given personality tests before their sessions, immediately after, months after, then 14 months after. Openness was measured according to 6 facets:. The facets of Openness are Fantasy e. Mystical experience has a special role to play here, as we will see in much of this research. Participants were also assessed along three separate measures of altered states of consciousness to measure intensity of mystical experience. Moreover, in participants who met criteria for having had a complete mystical experience during their psilocybin session, Openness remained significantly higher than baseline more than one year after the session. This is the first study to demonstrate changes in personality in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event. A study by Wagner et al. Participants here went through two introductory psychotherapy sessions with psychiatrists, two sessions using MDMA, and then up to four integration sessions for each MDMA session. The researchers found persisting personality change: More interesting is the effect of change in Openness and the overall trend for all subjects to have higher scores on openness post-treatment. Individuals scoring higher on Openness tend to seek out new experiences and be open to self-examination, factors that can serve to enhance therapeutic change in both behaviors and cognitions. Qualitatively, and consistently with previous work, therapeutic change seemed to be associated with an epiphany-type experience that subjects consistently reported following the MDMA-assisted psychotherapy sessions and reiterated in the long-term follow-up. These findings are consistent with the notion that increased openness may be a mechanism of therapeutic change. A study by Nour et al. Ego dissolution is a key facet of mystical experience and this is further supporting evidence for the importance of mystical experience for lasting personality change. A paper by Carhart-Harris et al. A sense of disconnection is a feature of many major psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, and a sense of connection or connectedness is considered a key mediator of psychological well-being, as well as a factor underlying recovery of mental health. One of the most curious aspects of the growing literature on the therapeutic potential of psychedelics is the seeming general nature of their therapeutic applicability , i. This raises the question of whether psychedelic therapy targets a core factor underlying mental health. We believe that it does, and that connectedness is the key. Post-treatment, participants referred to feeling reconnected to past values, pleasures and hobbies as well as feeling more integrated, embodied and at peace with themselves and their often troubled backgrounds. There is again a strong relationship between mystical experience, ego dissolution, and connectedness:. The unitive experience is closely related to the construct of connectedness. Conceptually, one can consider the ego as a counter-force to connectedness. The same Nour et al. In this study, psychedelic use but not cocaine or alcohol use was associated with liberal and anti-authoritarian political views, openness to new experiences, and nature relatedness, using a large, anonymous Internet survey. Furthermore, the degree of ego dissolution experienced during the most intense recalled psychedelic experience was positively associated with these same four variables, providing evidence for the predictive validity of the Ego-Dissolution Inventory and the potential impact of ego-dissolution experiences on attitudes and beliefs. Again, mystical experience and ego dissolution appear to play an important causal role: Results of our study tentatively suggest that experience with classic psychedelic substances may have lasting effects on the way people perceive nature and how strongly they engage in ecological behavior. Specifically, results show that lifetime experience with psychedelic substances as opposed to other recreationally consumed substance classes uniquely predicts self-reported nature relatedness, specifically the degree to which people incorporate nature into their self-construal, which in turn predicts self-reported engagement in pro-environmental behavior. The more people had experience with classic psychedelics, the more they enjoyed spending time in nature, and the more they construed their self as being a part of nature. Thereby, the present research adds to the contemporary literature on the beneficial effects of psychedelic substance use on mental wellbeing, hinting at a novel area for future research investigating their potentially positive effects on a societal level. Further research demonstrates that nature relatedness is associated with reduced anxiety and increased wellbeing. This research shows that psychedelics, in particular psychedelic-induced mystical experience, increases personality trait openness in a way never seen before in experimental studies. It makes sense that, as we also see, that psychedelic use predicts higher than average trait openness in individuals. Psychedelic experience — again with the value weighted heavily on mystical experience — provides a sense of connectedness with the world, other people, and oneself, which has a broad range of psychological and therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, psychedelic use predicts liberal and anti-authoritarian libertarian political views. Psychedelic use is also associated with connection to nature and in particular the sense that one is part of nature, which in turn is associated with increased happiness and subjective wellbeing. Some of these effects are undeniably positive, namely the general sense of connectedness as described by Carhart-Harris et al. Trait openness is not inherently good or bad, although it does show some association with happiness, positive affect, and quality of life. Liberal and libertarian political views are obviously a little more contentious, depending on where you fall on the political spectrum. To the degree that it has been politicized, so is pro-environmental sentiment and behaviour. This is certainly the case when it comes to personality trait, value and behavioural change. In fact, most of the lasting effects of psychedelic experience discussed here do not occur without mystical experience, and all are enhanced and strengthened by it. So what is mystical experience, and why is it seemingly so transformative? What happens at the level of subjective awareness and that of the biological brain when one undergoes mystical experience? Nice post man, interesting read. I remember reading that psychs also leads to people leading a more politically active lifestyle I think in Doblins chapter in The Divine Spark , so there is certainly a lot to think about here how psychs can change society. Look forward to the next part! Psychedelics Increase Big Five Trait Openness Openness is one of five personality traits in the Big Five or Five Factor Model, a standard and well validated psychometric measurement in personality psychology. Here is a quick definition of trait openness from Wikipedia: Psilocybin and Openness A study by Maclean et al. Openness was measured according to 6 facets: Psychedelics and Connectedness A paper by Carhart-Harris et al.

Психоделики — TheQuestion

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