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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when the tissue and muscles of the pelvic floor no longer support the pelvic organs resulting in the drop (prolapse) of the pelvic organs from their normal position. The pelvic organs include the vagina, cervix, uterus, bladder, urethra, and rectum. The bladder is the most commonly involved organ in pelvic organ prolapse.
Supporting muscles and tissue of the pelvic floor may become torn or stretched because of labor or childbirth or may weaken with age. Other risk factors for POP include: genetic predisposition, connective tissue disorder, obesity and frequent constipation.
Many women have some degree of POP, although not all women have symptoms. Women who have symptoms may experience pelvic discomfort or pain, pressure and other symptoms including:
It is important for women to consult with their health care provider for proper diagnosis of POP.
After obtaining a detailed medical history and completing a thorough physical exam, your health care provider can recommend treatment options for your pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Nonsurgical or surgical treatment is usually effective but it may not completely solve all symptoms associated with POP such as pelvic pain or pressure.
Examples of nonsurgical treatment options for POP include:
Not every woman with POP will need surgery. Surgery may be recommended for women with significant discomfort or pain from POP that impairs their quality of life. If surgery is recommended, factors to consider include:
Surgery to repair POP can be done through either the vagina or abdomen, using stitches (sutures) alone or with the addition of surgical mesh. Surgical options include restoring the normal position of the vagina, repairing the tissue around the vagina, permanently closing the vaginal canal with or without removing the uterus (colpocleiesis).
It is also possible that women with POP may experience problems with urine leakage (incontinence). During surgery, a procedure to prevent or decrease urine leakage (which may also use surgical mesh) may be performed.
The FDA identified serious complications associated with the use of urogynecologic surgical mesh. Detailed information on its safety and effectiveness can be found in: Urogynecologic Surgical Mesh: UPDATE ON THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF Transvaginal PLACEMENT for Pelvic Organ Prolapse .
If you had surgery with mesh to repair your POP transvaginally, you should:
If you have had transvaginal POP surgery but do not know whether your surgeon used mesh, ask your surgeon at your next scheduled visit.

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Clin Colon Rectal Surg

v.20(2); 2007 May

PMC2780179

Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 May; 20(2): 125–132.
1 Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
Address for correspondence and reprint requests: David P. O'Brien IV M.D. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2123 Auburn Ave., Ste. 524, Cincinnati, OH 45219, ude.cu@ddneirbo
Copyright © Thieme Medical Publishers
Keywords: Rectal prolapse, laparoscopy, rectopexy, colon, rectum
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Articles from Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery are provided here courtesy of Thieme Medical Publishers
1. Corman M L. Rectal prolapse, solitary rectal ulcer, syndrome of the descending perineum, and rectocele. Colon and Rectal Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 1408. [ Ref list ]
2. Schwenk W, Haase O, Neudecker J, Muller J M. Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD003145. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
3. Delaney C P, Kiran R P, Senagore A J, Brady K, Fazio V W. Case-matched comparison of clinical and financial outcome after laparoscopic or open colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2003; 238 :67–72. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
4. Madoff R D, Mellgren A. One hundred years of rectal prolapse surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999; 42 :441–450. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
5. Broden B, Snellman B. Procidentia of the rectum studied with cineradiography. A contribution to the discussion of causative mechanism. Dis Colon Rectum. 1968; 11 :330–347. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
6. Shorvon P J, McHugh S, Diamant N E, Somers S, Stevenson G W. Defecography in normal volunteers: results and implications. Gut. 1989; 30 :1737–1749. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
7. Hull T L. Rectal prolapse: abdominal approach. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2003; 16 :259–262. [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
8. Madiba T E, Baig M K, Wexner S D. Surgical management of rectal prolapse. Arch Surg. 2005; 140 :63–73. [ PubMed ]
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