Private Type

Private Type

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12 years, 9 months ago

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In day 2 of the go tutorial there is this exercise:
Why may it be useful to have a private type with exported fields?
Notice that point is lowercase and thus not exported, whereas the fields X and Y are uppercase and thus are. It seems to me, that in order to have access to one of the exported fields, you would have to be able to write something like.
But in order for that to be possible, p would have to have a declaration like such:
This however is not possible (afaik), since the type declaration for point isn't exported.
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But you could have a public constructor, right?
So if you had a NewGeometryPoint func defined, then you maybe could do (haven't tested against the compiler)
When using the JSON package (http://golang.org/pkg/json/). You need to have exported fields, to pass a type to json.Marshal(), but you might not want to have that type publicly available to other external packages.
This same question is presented in this Go course as:
[...]You may even have a private type with exported fields. Exercise:
when is that useful?
As presented here you can access externally an element defined as internal to a package, you just can't access it directly. In the case of the structure "point" in your example, it means you CANNOT access elements of point directly, as in
But you CAN use the defined point to export elements that use its exported internal elements, as in
Result -> Vector: geometry.Vector{Start:geometry.point{X:10, Y:10}, End:geometry.point{X:10, Y:10}}
So, in my view, this mechanism is meant to give you flexibility in declaring internal data structures.
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Used at the module level to declare private variables and allocate storage space.
Private [ WithEvents ] varname [ ( [ subscripts ] ) ] [ As [ New ] type ]
[ , [ WithEvents ] varname [ ( [ subscripts ] ) ] [ As [ New ] type ]] . . .
The Private statement syntax has these parts:
Private variables are available only to the module in which they are declared.
Use the Private statement to declare the data type of a variable. For example, the following statement declares a variable as an Integer :
You can also use a Private statement to declare the object type of a variable. The following statement declares a variable for a new instance of a worksheet:
If the New keyword isn't used when declaring an object variable, the variable that refers to the object must be assigned an existing object by using the Set statement before it can be used. Until it's assigned an object, the declared object variable has the special value Nothing , which indicates that it doesn't refer to any particular instance of an object.
If you don't specify a data type or object type, and there is no Deftype statement in the module, the variable is Variant by default.
You can also use the Private statement with empty parentheses to declare a dynamic array. After declaring a dynamic array, use the ReDim statement within a procedure to define the number of dimensions and elements in the array. If you try to redeclare a dimension for an array variable whose size was explicitly specified in a Private , Public , or Dim statement, an error occurs.
When variables are initialized, a numeric variable is initialized to 0, a variable-length string is initialized to a zero-length string (""), and a fixed-length string is filled with zeros. Variant variables are initialized to Empty . Each element of a user-defined type variable is initialized as if it were a separate variable.
The Private statement cannot be used inside a procedure; use the Dim statement to declare local variables.
This example shows the Private statement being used at the module level to declare variables as private; that is, they are available only to the module in which they are declared.
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Optional. Keyword that specifies that varname is an object variable used to respond to events triggered by an ActiveX object . WithEvents is valid only in class modules . You can declare as many individual variables as you like by using WithEvents , but you can't create arrays with WithEvents , nor can you use New with WithEvents .
Required. Name of the variable; follows standard variable naming conventions.
Optional. Dimensions of an array variable; up to 60 multiple dimensions may be declared. The subscripts argument uses the following syntax: [ lower To ] upper [ , [ lower To ] upper ] . . . When not explicitly stated in lower , the lower bound of an array is controlled by the Option Base statement. The lower bound is zero if no Option Base statement is present.
Optional. Keyword that enables implicit creation of an object. If you use New when declaring the object variable, a new instance of the object is created on first reference to it, so you don't have to use the Set statement to assign the object reference. The New keyword can't be used to declare variables of any intrinsic data type . It also can't be used to declare instances of dependent objects, and it can't be used with WithEvents .
Optional. Data type of the variable; may be Byte , Boolean , Integer , Long , Currency , Single , Double , Decimal (not currently supported), Date , String (for variable-length strings), String length (for fixed-length strings), Object , Variant , a user-defined type , or an object type . Use a separate As type clause for each variable being defined.

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использует защитную технологию, которая является устаревшей и уязвимой для атаки. Злоумышленник может легко выявить информацию, которая, как вы думали, находится в безопасности.

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Specifies that one or more declared programming elements are accessible only from within their declaration context, including from within any contained types.
If a programming element represents proprietary functionality, or contains confidential data, you usually want to limit access to it as strictly as possible. You achieve the maximum limitation by allowing only the module, class, or structure that defines it to access it. To limit access to an element in this way, you can declare it with Private .
You can also use the Private Protected access modifier, which makes a member accessible from within that class and from derived classes located in its containing assembly.
Access Level. All code within a declaration context can access its Private elements. This includes code within a contained type, such as a nested class or an assignment expression in an enumeration. No code outside of the declaration context can access its Private elements.
Access Modifiers. The keywords that specify access level are called access modifiers . For a comparison of the access modifiers, see Access levels in Visual Basic .
The Private modifier can be used in these contexts:

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