Private Spend
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Private Spend
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A word of warning: you can't derive the view key from the private key for non deterministic wallets.
– user36303
Jul 27 '16 at 7:09
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Monero Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for developers and users of the secure, private and untraceable cryptocurrency Monero. It only takes a minute to sign up.
What is the difference between a private spend key and mnemonic seed?
Can both be used to sign a transaction? Are there any things that I can derive from one but not the other?
Thanks to deterministic key derivation, the private spend key is an alternate representation of the mnemonic seed. Both the mnemonic seed and private spend key can be used to derive all other keys
The private spend key is used to sign Monero transactions.
Simplewallet mnemonics seed are comprised of 25 words with the last word being used as a checksum. Those words correspond to a 256-bit integer, which is the account's private spend key. With simplewallet the spendkey is the mnemonic seed The private view key is derived by hashing the private spend key with Keccak-256, producing a second 256-bit integer. The corresponding public keys are then derived from the private keys.
MyMonero works in a similar manner but with 13 word mnemonic seeds with the last word being the checksum The 13 words correspond to a 128-bit integer that is used for both spend and view key derivation. With MyMonero the spendkey is the hashed mnemonic seed
Deterministic wallets make wallet recovery and key derivation easy. It is worth noting that you cannot derive the view key from the private key for non deterministic wallets.
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private spending - это... Что такое private spending ?
mymonero - private spend key versus mnemonic seed - Monero Stack Exchange
moneroexamples/spendkey: Recover Monero address using the private spend key
private spending - Russian translation – Linguee
private spending - определение - английский
int main ( int ac, const char * av[]) {
// get command line options
xmreg::CmdLineOptions opts {ac, av};
// if help was chosen, display help text and finish
if (opts. help_requested ())
{
return 0 ;
}
// default language for the mnemonic
// representation of the private spend key
string language { " English " };
// get private spend key options
auto spendkey_opt = opts. get_option ( " spendkey " );
auto mnemonic_opt = opts. get_option ( " mnemonic " );
// get the program command line options, or
// some default values for quick check
string spendkey_str = spendkey_opt ? *spendkey_opt : " af6082af29108abda69cc385dfed2102b892a871695367cb22a4b9b6df8b3206 " ;
string mnemonic_str = mnemonic_opt ? *mnemonic_opt : " spout midst duckling tepid odds glass enhanced avatar ocean rarest eavesdrop egotistic oxygen trying future airport session nanny tedious guru asylum superior cement cunning eavesdrop " ;
crypto::secret_key private_spend_key;
if ((spendkey_opt && !mnemonic_opt) || (!spendkey_opt && !mnemonic_opt))
{
// if spend key is given or nothing is provided by the user,
// then derive the mnemonic using either key provided or the default one
if (spendkey_opt)
{
// use provided spend key by the user
spendkey_str = *spendkey_opt;
}
// parse string representing given private spend key
if (! xmreg::parse_str_secret_key (spendkey_str, private_spend_key))
{
cerr << " Cant parse the spend key: " << spendkey_str << endl;
return 1 ;
}
// derive the mnemonic version of the spend key.
// 25 word mnemonic that is provided by the simplewallet
// is just a word representation of the private spend key
if (! bytes_to_words (private_spend_key, mnemonic_str, language))
{
cerr << " \n Cant create the mnemonic for the private spend key: "
<< private_spend_key << endl;
return 1 ;
}
}
else if (!spendkey_opt && mnemonic_opt)
{
// if mnemonic is given, then derive the spend key
if (! words_to_bytes (*mnemonic_opt, private_spend_key, language))
{
cerr << " \n Cant create private spend key for the mnemonic: "
<< *mnemonic_opt << endl;
return 1 ;
}
}
cout << " \n "
<< " Mnemonic: " << mnemonic_str << endl;
// the seed for generation of private view key later on
// is the private spend key.
cout << " \n "
<< " Hexadecimal seed : " << private_spend_key << endl;
cout << " \n "
<< " Private spend key: " << private_spend_key << endl;
// we have private_spend_key, so now
// we need to get the corresponding
// public_spend_key
crypto::public_key public_spend_key;
// generate public key based on the private key
crypto::secret_key_to_public_key (private_spend_key, public_spend_key);
cout << " Public spend key : " << public_spend_key << endl;
// now its time to get the view keys.
// in monero's simplewallet, the private view key
// is generated using keccak hash of the private spend
// key. in other words, the hash of the private spend key
// is used for generating the private view key,
// and subsequently, its corresponding public view key.
crypto::hash hash_of_private_spend_key;
// calculate keccak hash of the private spend key
xmreg::keccak_hash (private_spend_key, hash_of_private_spend_key);
crypto::secret_key private_view_key;
crypto::public_key public_view_key;
// get the view keys using the hash_of_private_spend_key
// as the seed.
crypto::generate_keys (public_view_key, private_view_key,
xmreg::get_key_from_hash(hash_of_private_spend_key),
true /* recover keys */ );
cout << " \n "
<< " Private view key : " << private_view_key << " \n "
<< " Public view key : " << public_view_key << endl;
// once we have both private view and spend keys, we can get our
// address. Monero's address is a combination of the two
// public keys.
cryptonote::account_public_address address {public_spend_key, public_view_key};
cout << " \n "
<< " Monero address : " << address << endl;
cout << " \n "
<< " End of program. " << endl;
return 0 ;
}
Mnemonic: spout midst duckling tepid odds glass enhanced avatar ocean rarest eavesdrop egotistic oxygen trying future airport session nanny tedious guru asylum superior cement cunning eavesdropspout midst duckling tepid odds glass enhanced avatar ocean rarest eavesdrop egotistic oxygen trying future airport session nanny tedious guru asylum superior cement cunning eavesdrop
Hexadecimal seed : < af6082af29108abda69cc385dfed2102b892a871695367cb22a4b9b6df8b 3206>
Private spend key: < af6082af29108abda69cc385dfed2102b892a871695367cb22a4b9b6df8b 3206>
Public spend key : < 7aff30fbdc005ecb03f57a11e250e0d665621ffde1d44c6aa84a8212cc0d 1236>
Private view key : < 157874dc4e2961c872f87aaf4346146d0f596e2f116a51fbac01b693a8e3020a >
Public view key : < 25c1b6920540fbcfcb0e36bd2c88f5c1e62e5ef1d621279e7230b47648e64a 63>
Monero address : < 46HSxE7KoiDaxWFWR1wmJfcrunNj4TLiPJqiCJkQn345A4JJzgBNhUvbkrYWJX4EVJZS4kJGfGj7CTW8GEUHsbEZCEupMt 6>
./spendkey -s 11830f8a232b7b0152a709340bb653357d2aa92985f83b6e0dcf7cb2bf11330d
Mnemonic: spout midst duckling tepid odds glass enhanced avatar ocean rarest eavesdrop egotistic oxygen trying future airport session nanny tedious guru asylum superior cement cunning eavesdropsiblings together icing idols sovereign sprig suture aloof egotistic speedy diplomat impel wise glass long cafe perfect awakened ought enforce voted mime fight goggles egotistic
Hexadecimal seed : < 11830f8a232b7b0152a709340bb653357d2aa92985f83b6e0dcf7cb2bf11330d >
Private spend key: < 11830f8a232b7b0152a709340bb653357d2aa92985f83b6e0dcf7cb2bf11330d >
Public spend key : < 269e626955fe97f3853d768e0ad02bf92d0a95a8c03704fd8a96d5ad6a38c42a >
Private view key : < 21e63fb10d4adad609a327395e42d737bbd772dce53d64d2733c4aacc69eb 300>
Public view key : < b4e0cf1d4c7c60b590081db50e877e7576a36fb2c257f5f94932222d23d34b 36>
Monero address : < 435zP7PmQwYhjTJu7AmU8SigKVMsY9j3yjQfnwnfjRZM89Jp2ZxEpsyXNPKkr5hfwBLeYTiZeqfaLihPNWWEzbgN77gqFHp >
./spendkey -m " essential future brunt cajun upper ammo incur smelting usual tyrant tattoo virtual long hectare idols guarded blender usage ghost sample eagle shelter does dozen usage "
Mnemonic: essential future brunt cajun upper ammo incur smelting usual tyrant tattoo virtual long hectare idols guarded blender usage ghost sample eagle shelter does dozen usage
Hexadecimal seed : < 0a0214cf7716292246d277214830411b20d3cd08cd119dcd9e149d7bd1151e 02>
Private spend key: < 0a0214cf7716292246d277214830411b20d3cd08cd119dcd9e149d7bd1151e 02>
Public spend key : < 7e9f73449c1b3a9a83c25a641a95c8f74f7ccd309dd3fba5222ce349052af 567>
Private view key : < bd613fbad795df25b8218a7e4f80f4e3158db0646d1cb7d22d84f0b603a0f60b >
Public view key : < fad7d278ee9fedf0034da1812115c5a369d6bd67e1b076afbc4aee579a609ce 3>
Monero address : < 46RRCV68frZSqzBsh9TWf9iNDrYhPkABUUd16zFLoPECJPjd3AtuTyeh9RhSWAqiCLULKGf9SC1UHWPra64ykRiTSg3RPmW >
# download the source code
git clone https://github.com/moneroexamples/spendkey.git
# enter the downloaded sourced code folder
cd spendkey
# create the makefile
cmake .
# compile
make
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Monero simplewallet has a command called spendkey which prints
out your private spend key. However, its not clear what to do with this private key.
It turns out, that this private key is the hexadecimal representation of the 25 word
mnemonic seed, which simplewallet gives you when you create a new wallet. For example, the following mnemonic seed:
corresponds to this private spend key:
Since mnemonic seed allows you to restore deterministic simplewallet wallet address. The same thing can be done
with just the private spend key. This includes recovery of your private view key.
More on Monero's keys and addresses can be found on Address Generation Tests website.
Monero address is as a combination of public spend and view keys. The public keys
are obtained directly from the corresponding private spend and view keys, respectively.
The private view key is obtained from the private spend key (in simplewallet ),
which in turn can be obtained from the mnemonic seed. This means that
spend key is much more important than the view key, since it allows
to recover your private view key (revers is not true). So what it means, is that you should not be disclosing your private spend key to strangers!
Please note that this is not the only way of deriving private keys. For example, MyMonero is using a different procedure, which is not compatible with that in simplewallet . The procedure presented here is same as the one used in simplewallet . More on this is
here
and here .
The example was tested on Ubuntu 16.04 x64 and Monero 0.9.
Instruction for Monero 0.9 compilation and setup of Monero's header files and libraries are at:
The most interesting C++ file is main.cpp .
Therefore, I will present only that file here. Full source code is
at github . The github's version can
also be slightly different than the code presented here, as it might be updated
more frequently.
So for the latest version
of this example, please check the github repository directly.
This is the main file of the example. The program takes
two input arguments:
These results agree with those obtained using
Address Generation Tests website.
These results also agree with those obtained using
Address Generation Tests website.
These results also agree with those obtained using
Address Generation Tests website.
The dependencies are same as those for Monero, so I assume Monero compiles
correctly. If so then to download and compile this example, the following
steps can be executed:
After this, spendkey executable file should be present in spendkey
folder.
Constructive criticism, code and website edits are always welcome. They can be made through github.
Recover Monero address using the private spend key
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