Private Public C

Private Public C

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C# Access Modifiers (Public, Private, Protected, Internal)

using System; namespace Tutlane {  class User  {    public string Name;    public string Location;    public int Age;    public void GetUserDetails()    {      Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);      Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);      Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);    }  }  class Program  {    static void Main( string [] args)    {      User u = new User();      u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;      u. Location = "Hyderabad" ;      u. Age = 32 ;      u. GetUserDetails ();      Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );      Console . ReadLine ();    }  } }
using System; namespace Tutlane {  class User  {    private string Name;    private string Location;    private int Age;    private void GetUserDetails()    {      Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);      Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);      Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);    }  }  class Program  {    static void Main( string [] args)    {      User u = new User();      // Complier Error      // These are inaccessible due to private specifier      u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;      u. Location = "Hyderabad" ;      u. Age = 32 ;      u. GetUserDetails ();      Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );      Console . ReadLine ();    }  } }
using System; namespace Tutlane {   class User   {     protected string Name;     protected string Location;     protected int Age;     protected void GetUserDetails()     {       Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);       Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);       Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);     }   }   class Program   {     static void Main( string [] args)     {       User u = new User();       // Complier Error       // These are inaccessible due to protected specifier       u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;       u. Location = "Hyderabad" ;       u. Age = 32 ;       u. GetUserDetails ();       Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );       Console . ReadLine ();     }   } }
using System; namespace Tutlane {  class User  {    protected string Name;    protected string Location;    protected int Age;    protected void GetUserDetails()    {      Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);      Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);      Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);    }  }  class Program: User  {    static void Main( string [] args)    {      User u = new User();      Program p = new Program();      // Complier Error      // protected members can only accessible with derived classes      //u.Name = "Suresh Dasari";      p. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;      p. Location = "Hyderabad" ;      p. Age = 32 ;      p. GetUserDetails ();      Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );      Console . ReadLine ();    }  } }
In c#, the struct members cannot be protected because the struct cannot be inherited.
using System; namespace Tutlane {   class User   {    internal string Name;    internal string Location;    internal int Age;    internal void GetUserDetails()    {      Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);      Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);      Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);    }   }   class Program   {    static void Main( string [] args)    {      User u = new User();      u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;      u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;      u. Location = "Hyderabad" ;      u. Age = 32 ;      u. GetUserDetails ();      Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );      Console . ReadLine ();    }   } }
using System; namespace Tutlane {  class User  {    protected internal string Name;    protected internal string Location;    protected internal int Age;    protected internal void GetUserDetails()    {      Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);      Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);      Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);    }  }  class Program  {    static void Main( string [] args)    {     User u = new User();     u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;     u. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;     u. Location = "Hyderabad" ;     u. Age = 32 ;     u. GetUserDetails ();     Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );     Console . ReadLine ();    }  } }
using System; namespace Tutlane {  class User  {    private protected string Name;    private protected string Location;    private protected int Age;    private protected void GetUserDetails()    {     Console . WriteLine ( "Name: {0}" , Name);     Console . WriteLine ( "Location: {0}" , Location);     Console . WriteLine ( "Age: {0}" , Age);    }  }  class Program: User  {    static void Main( string [] args)    {      User u = new User();      Program p = new Program();      // Complier Error      // protected members can only accessible with derived classes      //u.Name = "Suresh Dasari";      p. Name = "Suresh Dasari" ;      p. Location = "Hyderabad" ;      p. Age = 32 ;      p. GetUserDetails ();      Console . WriteLine ( "\nPress Enter Key to Exit.." );      Console . ReadLine ();    }  } }
In c#, Access Modifiers are the keywords used to define an accessibility level for all types and type members.
By specifying an access level for all types and type members, we can control whether they can be accessed in other classes or the current assembly or other assemblies based on our requirements.
The following are the different types of access modifiers available in the c# programming language.
Using these four access modifiers, we can specify the following six levels of accessibility for all types and type members based on our requirements.
Generally, in c# only one access modifier is allowed to use with any member or type, except when we use protected internal or private protected combinations.
In c#, we are not allowed to use any access modifiers on namespaces because the namespaces have no access restrictions.
Only certain access modifiers are allowed to specify based on the context in which a member declaration occurs. If we didn’t mention any access modifiers during member declaration, then the default access modifiers will be used depending on the member declaration context.
For example, the top-level types which are not nested in any other type can only have public or internal accessibility. The default accessibility for top-level types is internal .
In c#, the public modifier is used to specify that access is not restricted, so the defined type or member can be accessed by any other code in the current assembly or another assembly that references it.
Following is the example of defining members with a public modifier in the c# programming language.
If you observe the above example, we defined a User class with required variables and method using public access modifier and trying to access those variables and method in another class with an object reference of User class .
When you execute the above c# program, you will get the result as shown below.
If you observe the above result, we are able to access the variables and methods of the User class in another class because of specifying with public specifiers based on our requirements.
As discussed, the public access specifier will make all the defined members or types available to all the types in our application.
In c#, the private modifier is used to specify that access is limited to the containing type, so the defined type or member can only be accessed by the code in the same class or structure .
Following is the example of defining members with a private modifier in the c# programming language.
If you observe the above example, we defined a User class with required variables and method using private access modifier and trying to access those variables and method in another class with an object reference of User class .
When you execute the above c# program, you will get compile-time errors like as shown below.
If you observe the above result, we are getting compile-time errors because the private modifier members of the User class are referred in another class .
As discussed, the private modifier type or member can be accessed only by code in the same class or structure .
In c#, the protected modifier is used to specify that access is limited to the containing type or types derived from the containing class , so the type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or in a derived class .
Following is the example of defining members with a protected modifier in the c# programming language.
If you observe the above example, we defined a User class with required variables and method using protected access modifier and trying to access those variables and method in another class with an object reference of User class .
When you execute the above c# program, you will get compile-time errors like as shown below.
If you observe the above result, we are getting compile-time errors because the protected modifier members of the User class are referred in another class .
As discussed, the protected members of a base class can be accessible in the derived class only when access occurs through the derived class type.
Following is the example of accessing a base class protected members in derived class through derived class type.
If you observe the above example, we are accessing base class ( User ) protected members using the reference of the derived class ( Program ). If we uncomment the commented code, we will get a compile-time error because we are trying to access protected members with base class ( User ) reference instead of the derived class ( Program ).
When you execute the above c# program, you will get the result as shown below.
This is how you can use protected modifiers in our c# applications to limit access to type or member in the same class or derived class based on our requirements.
In c#, the internal modifier is used to specify that access is limited to the current assembly. The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly but not from another assembly.
Following is the example of defining the members with an internal modifier in the c# programming language.
If you observe the above example, we defined a User class with required variables and method using internal access modifier and trying to access those variables and method in another class with an object reference of User class .
When you execute the above c# program, you will get the result as shown below.
If you observe the above result, we are able to access the variables and methods of the User class in another class because of specifying an internal specifier based on our requirements.
As discussed in c# the internal type or members are accessible within the same assembly files.
In c#, the protected internal modifier is used to specify that access is limited to the current assembly or types derived from the containing class. The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly or any derived class in another assembly.
Following is the example of defining members with a protected internal modifier in the c# programming language.
If you observe the above example, we defined a User class with required variables and method using protected internal access modifier and trying to access those variables and method in another class with an object reference of User class .
When you execute the above c# program, we will get the result as shown below.
If you observe the above result, we are able to access the variables and methods of the User class in another class because of specifying an internal specifier based on our requirements.
As discussed in c# the protected internal type or members are accessible from the current assembly or the types derived from the containing class in another assembly.
In c#, the private protected modifier is available from version 7.2 . It is used to specify that access is limited to the containing class or types derived from the containing class within the current assembly. The type or member can be accessed by code in the same class or a derived class within the base class assembly.
Following is the example of defining members with a private protected modifier in the c# programming language.
If you observe the above example, we are accessing base class ( User ) private protected members using the reference of the derived class ( Program ). If we uncomment the commented code, we will get a compile-time error because we are trying to access private protected members with base class ( User ) reference instead of the derived class ( Program ).
When you execute the above c# program, you will get the result as shown below.
This is how we can use a private protected modifier in c# applications to limit the containing class or types derived from the containing class within the current assembly.
It is used to specifies that access is not restricted.
It is used to specifies that access is limited to the containing type.
It is used to specifies that access is limited to the containing type or types derived from the containing class .
It is used to specifies that access is limited to the current assembly.
It specifies that access is limited to the current assembly or types derived from the containing class .
It is used to specifies that access is limited to the containing class or types derived from the containing class within the current assembly.

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In this tutorial, we will learn to use public, protected and private inheritance in C++ with the help of examples.
In C++ inheritance , we can derive a child class from the base class in different access modes. For example,
Notice the keyword public in the code
This means that we have created a derived class from the base class in public mode . Alternatively, we can also derive classes in protected or private modes.
These 3 keywords ( public , protected , and private ) are known as access specifiers in C++ inheritance.
public , protected, and private inheritance have the following features:
Note: private members of the base class are inaccessible to the derived class.
Here, we have derived PublicDerived from Base in public mode .
Since private and protected members are not accessible from main() , we need to create public functions getPVT() and getProt() to access them:
Notice that the getPVT() function has been defined inside Base . But the getProt() function has been defined inside PublicDerived .
This is because pvt , which is private in Base , is inaccessible to PublicDerived .
However, prot is accessible to PublicDerived due to public inheritance. So, getProt() can access the protected variable from within PublicDerived .
Here, we have derived ProtectedDerived from Base in protected mode .
As we know, protected members cannot be directly accessed from outside the class. As a result, we cannot use getPVT() from Protecte
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