Private Public C
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Private Public C
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All types and type members have an accessibility level. The accessibility level controls whether they can be used from other code in your assembly or other assemblies. Use the following access modifiers to specify the accessibility of a type or member when you declare it:
The following examples demonstrate how to specify access modifiers on a type and member:
Not all access modifiers are valid for all types or members in all contexts. In some cases, the accessibility of a type member is constrained by the accessibility of its containing type.
Classes and structs declared directly within a namespace (in other words, that aren't nested within other classes or structs) can be either public or internal . internal is the default if no access modifier is specified.
Struct members, including nested classes and structs, can be declared public , internal , or private . Class members, including nested classes and structs, can be public , protected internal , protected , internal , private protected , or private . Class and struct members, including nested classes and structs, have private access by default. Private nested types aren't accessible from outside the containing type.
Derived classes can't have greater accessibility than their base types. You can't declare a public class B that derives from an internal class A . If allowed, it would have the effect of making A public, because all protected or internal members of A are accessible from the derived class.
You can enable specific other assemblies to access your internal types by using the InternalsVisibleToAttribute . For more information, see Friend Assemblies .
Class members (including nested classes and structs) can be declared with any of the six types of access. Struct members can't be declared as protected , protected internal , or private protected because structs don't support inheritance.
Normally, the accessibility of a member isn't greater than the accessibility of the type that contains it. However, a public member of an internal class might be accessible from outside the assembly if the member implements interface methods or overrides virtual methods that are defined in a public base class.
The type of any member field, property, or event must be at least as accessible as the member itself. Similarly, the return type and the parameter types of any method, indexer, or delegate must be at least as accessible as the member itself. For example, you can't have a public method M that returns a class C unless C is also public . Likewise, you can't have a protected property of type A if A is declared as private .
User-defined operators must always be declared as public and static . For more information, see Operator overloading .
Finalizers can't have accessibility modifiers.
To set the access level for a class or struct member, add the appropriate keyword to the member declaration, as shown in the following example.
Interfaces declared directly within a namespace can be public or internal and, just like classes and structs, interfaces default to internal access. Interface members are public by default because the purpose of an interface is to enable other types to access a class or struct. Interface member declarations may include any access modifier. This is most useful for static methods to provide common implementations needed by all implementors of a class.
Enumeration members are always public , and no access modifiers can be applied.
Delegates behave like classes and structs. By default, they have internal access when declared directly within a namespace, and private access when nested.
For more information, see the C# Language Specification . The language specification is the definitive source for C# syntax and usage.
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Difference between Public and Private in C++ with Example
Difficulty Level :
Basic
Last Updated :
15 Oct, 2019
// C++ program to demonstrate public
return 3.14 * radius * radius;
// accessing public data member outside class
cout << "Radius is: " << obj.radius << "\n" ;
cout << "Area is: " << obj.compute_area();
// C++ program to demonstrate private
void compute_area( double r)
// member function can access private
double area = 3.14 * radius * radius;
cout << "Radius is: " << radius << endl;
cout << "Area is: " << area;
// creating object of the class
// trying to access private data member
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All the class members declared under public will be available to everyone. The data members and member functions declared public can be accessed by other classes too. The public members of a class can be accessed from anywhere in the program using the direct member access operator (.) with the object of that class.
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In the above program, the data member radius is public so we are allowed to access it outside the class.
The class members declared as private can be accessed only by the functions inside the class. They are not allowed to be accessed directly by any object or function outside the class. Only the member functions or the friend functions are allowed to access the private data members of a class.
Example:
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Difference between Public and Private
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All the class members declared under public will be available to everyone.
The class members declared as private can be accessed only by the functions inside the class.
The data members and member functions declared public can be accessed by other classes too.
Only the member functions or the friend functions are allowed to access the private data members of a class.
The public members of a class can be accessed from anywhere in the program using the direct member access operator (.) with the object of that class.
They are not allowed to be accessed directly by any object or function outside the class.
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