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Private Protected Access Modifier In C#

Varun Bhandarkar

Updated date Feb 21, 2019

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Understanding Access Modifiers In C# (Video)

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Access Modifiers are special keywords used in a C# program to specify the scope of the members of the class. We will learn about the newly introduced Private Protected Access Modifiers in this article.
In December 2017, Microsoft released C# version 7.2 and within that, it introduced a new compound access modifier - Private Protected. While the existing modifiers have become very common across the C# developer community, there is still confusion going on about private protected. Let's take a closer look at all the access modifiers available in C# along with their behavior.
Access Modifiers are special keywords used in a C# program to specify the scope of the members of the class. Each access modifier has its own behavior which is used to achieve a very important principle of OOP; i.e., encapsulation.
With the addition of a new compound access modifier in C# 7.2, the count of access modifiers available in C# goes to six.
If any of the above explanations is confusing to you, don't worry. I have demonstrated the behavior of all of the access modifiers through the code below.
Please keep in mind that private protected requires version 7.2 of C#. To accomplish this,
Now, let’s take a look at the code.
I hope I was able to demonstrate the behavior of all access modifiers along with Private Protected and this article will help you for better understanding of the concept. Your feedback is always welcomed.
©2022 C# Corner. All contents are copyright of their authors.

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How to access private/protected method outside a class in C++
Difficulty Level :
Medium Last Updated :
05 Aug, 2021
// C++ program to demonstrate private
        cout << "This is the public disp"
             << " method of Parent class" << endl;
// Child class inherit to parent class
    // Private method which will be called
    // Override the method of parent class
        cout << "This is the private disp "
             << "method of child class "
             << secret_key << endl;
    // Constructor of the child class
    Child( int key) { secret_key = key; }
    // Create object of child class
    // Function call of child class
// C++ program to demonstrate protected
        cout << "This is the public disp"
             << " method of Parent class"
// Child class inherit to parent class
    // Private method which will be called
    // Override the method of parent class
        cout << "This is the protected disp "
             << "method of child class "
             << secret_key << endl;
    Child( int key) { secret_key = key; }
    // Create object of child class
    // Function call of child class
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Private: The class members declared as private can be accessed only by the functions inside the class. They are not allowed to be accessed directly by any object or function outside the class. Only the member functions or the friend functions are allowed to access the private data members of a class.
We can access private method in other class using the virtual function , A virtual function is a member function which is declared within a base class and is re-defined (Overridden) by a derived class. Referring to a derived class object using a pointer or a reference to the base class can call a virtual function for that object and execute the derived class’s version of the function.
Program 1: To demonstrate the private access modifier
In the above program, parent class has a function void disp() which is a virtual function. The child class has created another function with the same name i.e., void disp() but that function is private which means it is not allowed to be accessed directly by any object or function outside the class. In main() we are first creating an object of child class and passing a parameter to initialize the secret_key variable in the child class, After that, we are storing the address of the object of child class in a base class pointer this is also called upcasting . Now the base class pointer holds the address of child class object, but when calling a function using base class pointer it will call base class functions only. But if want it to call child class functions to make the base class functions virtual . This is also called as runtime polymorphism.
Protected: Protected access modifier is similar to that of private access modifiers, the difference is that the class member declared as Protected are inaccessible outside the class, but they can be accessed by any subclass(derived class) of that class.
Program 2: To demonstrate protected access modifier
In the above example, the parent class has function void disp() which is a virtual function. The child class has created another function with the same name i.e., void disp() but that function is private which means it is not allowed to be accessed directly by any object or function outside the class. In main() we are first creating an object of child class and passing a parameter to initialize the secret_key variable in the child class, after that we are storing the address of the object of child class in a base class pointer this is also called upcasting . Now the base class pointer holds the address of child class object, but when calling a function using base class pointer it will call base class functions only. But if want it to call child class functions to make the base class functions virtual . This is also called as Runtime Polymorphism .
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In this tutorial, we will learn to use public, protected and private inheritance in C++ with the help of examples.
In C++ inheritance , we can derive a child class from the base class in different access modes. For example,
Notice the keyword public in the code
This means that we have created a derived class from the base class in public mode . Alternatively, we can also derive classes in protected or private modes.
These 3 keywords ( public , protected , and private ) are known as access specifiers in C++ inheritance.
public , protected, and private inheritance have the following features:
Note: private members of the base class are inaccessible to the derived class.
Here, we have derived PublicDerived from Base in public mode .
Since private and protected members are not accessible from main() , we need to create public functions getPVT() and getProt() to access them:
Notice that the getPVT() function has been defined inside Base . But the getProt() function has been defined inside PublicDerived .
This is because pvt , which is private in Base , is inaccessible to PublicDerived .
However, prot is accessible to PublicDerived due to public inheritance. So, getProt() can access the protected variable from within PublicDerived .
Here, we have derived ProtectedDerived from Base in protected mode .
As we know, protected members cannot be directly accessed from outside the class. As a result, we cannot use getPVT() from ProtectedDerived .
That is also why we need to create the getPub() function in ProtectedDerived in order to access the pub variable.
Here, we have derived PrivateDerived from Base in private mode .
As we know, private members cannot be directly accessed from outside the class. As a result, we cannot use getPVT() from PrivateDerived .
That is also why we need to create the getPub() function in PrivateDerived in order to access the pub variable.
C++ friend Function and friend Classes
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