Private Php
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Private Php
What is the difference between public, private, and protected in PHP?
Difficulty Level :
Hard
Last Updated :
15 Oct, 2018
public $tag_line = "A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!" ;
echo $this ->tag_line. "" ;
// A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!
// A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!
// A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!
echo $sum = $this ->x- $this ->y . "" ;
function mul() //Multiply Function
echo $sub = $this ->x* $this ->y;
private $name = "A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!" ;
echo "This is private method of base class" ;
// Uncaught Error: Call to private method demo::show()
protected $protected = 'Protected' ;
private $private = 'Private' ;
echo $this -> protected ;
echo $obj -> protected ; // Cannot access protected property
echo $obj -> private ; // Cannot access private property
$obj ->Display(); //Displays all properties
public $public = 'Public Sub Class' ;
protected $protected = 'Protected Sub Class' ;
echo $this -> protected ;
echo $obj2 -> protected ; // Cannot access protected property
echo $obj2 -> private ; // Cannot access priavte property
$obj2 ->Display(); //Displays all properties
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Public, private and protected are called access modifiers. Just like C++, PHP also have three access modifiers such as public, private and protected. The visibility of a property, a method or a constant can be defined by prefixing the declaration with these keywords.
Public Access modifier: This modifier is open to use inside as well as outside the class.
Example:
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code
Protected Access modifier: This modifier is open to use within the class in which it is defined and its parent or inherited classes.
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brightness_4
code
Private Access modifier: This modifier is open to use within the class that defines it. ( it can’t be accessed outside the class means in inherited class).
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brightness_4
code
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To set the access rights for class methods and variables we use access modifiers which are nothing but PHP keywords. We can even assign some of these access modifiers to the class itself to make the class behave in a special way.
Following are the PHP keywords which are used as access modifiers along with their meaning:
We cannot use all the available access modifers with class, its varibales and methods. In the table below, we have specified which access specifier is applied to what:
Now that we know which access modifier is used where, lets learn about the access modifiers in details along with examples.
If we do not specify any access modifiers, all classes and its members are treated as public by default.
As mentioned in the table above, public , private or protected access modifiers cannot be used with class. Let's see what happens if we do,
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'public' (T_PUBLIC) in ...
But for class methods and variables we should specify the access specifiers although by default they are treated as public.
This is a simple example of a PHP class:
In the code above, we have used the keyword var before the class variable. If we do not use var , we will get a parse error.
But instead of using var we can also use access modifier keywords before the class variable decalaration, for example:
This is how we should create a PHP class, it is good programming practice to specify the access modifiers along with class varibles and methods.
We can use the private access modifier for class variables and methods but not for PHP class. When a class member - a variable or a function, is declared as private then it cannot be accessed directly using the object of the class. For example:
In the above code, $fname and $lname are private class variables, hence we cannot directly access them using the class object.
So, when we try to execute the following line of code:
Fatal error: Cannot access private property Person::$fname in ...
But we can easily access the private variables of a class by defining public functions in the class. We can create separate functions to set value to private variables and to get their values too. These functions are called Getters and Setters .
We should have getter and setter methods for all the private variables in the class.
Just like the private access modifier, protected access modifer also restricts the access of class variables and methods outside the class. But the protected class variables and functions can be accessed inside the class and inside the subclass(a class that inherits the class).
We will learn how to create a subclass and about the concept on Inheritance in the upcoming tutorials.
Let's take a quick and simple example:
In the program above, we have defined two classes, Human and Male . The class Male is a subclass of the Human class.
In the Human class all the class variables and methods are protected , hence they cannot be accessed from outside the class, but they can be accessed inside the subclass of the class Human .
Don't worry if this looks confusing due to the concept of Inheritance , we will again re-visit this, when we will learn about Inheritance.
The abstract access modifier is used with PHP class and its functions. It cannot be used for class variables.
If a class has even a single abstract method. then the class must also be defined as abstract .
Also, PHP doesn't allow instantiating the abstract class i.e. you cannot create object of an abstract class, although these classes can be inherited.
We will learn about this access modifier in detail when we will cover Abstract class and Interfaces.
When we declare a class as final , using this access modifier, then that class cannot be inherited.
Similarly, when we define a class function as final , PHP restricts the subclasses of that class from overriding that function which is declared as final .
Again, we will explain this with help of examples when we will learn about Inheritance.
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