Private Ip

Private Ip

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private IP address

By

Alexander S. Gillis,
Technical Writer and Editor

TechTarget Contributor

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A private IP address is a range of non-internet facing IP addresses used in an internal network. Private IP addresses are provided by network devices, such as routers, using network address translation.
Internet Protocol ( IP ) addresses identify a device on either the internet or a local network. IP addresses also enable information to be sent between devices on a network.
Private IP addresses are commonly used for local area networks in residential, office and enterprise areas. Every device that connects to an internet network -- such as computers, smartphones, tablets or printers -- will have a private IP address. Routers need a way to identify these devices, and the devices may also need to identify each other, which is where private IP addresses come in. Private IP addresses are generated by a router for identification.
Private IP addresses were originally designated to delay the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses -- one of the main types of IP addresses. Originally it was thought that IPv4's 32-bit IP addressing system -- with 4,294,967,296 theoretical IP addresses -- would be adequate for all purposes. But as more internet-connected devices were produced, it became apparent that something had to fill the gap between IPv4 and a future system. Private IP addressing and network address translation began filling that initial gap with a range of private IP addresses. Later, a new addressing system, Internet Protocol Version 6 ( IPv6 ), was introduced. IPv6 increases IP address lengths from 32 bits to 128 bits and is 1,028 times larger than the number of IPv4 addresses.
Private addresses can be assigned by the router using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or be manually set, after which the addresses can communicate with one another through the router.
Private IP addresses are commonly used for residential and corporate networks, as the addresses cannot be seen outside the private network. Internet service providers ( ISPs ) may also allocate a single routable IPv4 address to residential customers. To translate that one address to multiple addresses, so multiple devices can have the assigned address, a network address translator/port address translator gateway is used. This method can connect multiple hosts.
Corporate networks use private IP addresses for security, since they make it difficult for an external host to connect to a system. Organizations also use private IP addresses to restrict internet access to internal users, which helps increase security.
Most individuals do not need to know their IP address, but in some scenarios the knowledge comes in handy, such as when connecting a computer to another device on the network.
The steps for finding a device's IP address differ by platform.
Other devices can be checked from the connected router. The steps to do this will differ by router, however.
Private IP addressing uses both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Private IPv4 addresses have the following class configurations:
The range of private IP addresses seems relatively small because they can be reused on different private networks without consequence. This differs from public IP addresses, which all need to be uniquely identifiable.
IPv6 private address ranges include the following:
IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal, which uses four bits, meaning an IPv6 address is made up of 32 hexadecimal digits. The numbers are grouped in fours, with a total of eight blocks, or groups.
Both public and private IP addresses have attributes indicative of their roles. For example, differences between public and private IP addresses include how private IP addresses are used for communicating within a private network, or with other devices in a home network or office. They cannot be directly contacted over the internet. Meanwhile, public IP addresses are used to communicate over the public internet, outside a private network. Public IP addresses are unique and cannot be reused unlike private IP addresses, which can be reused. Private IP addresses are assigned to a device by a router within the network, while an ISP assigns public IP addresses. In addition, public IP addresses can be any combination of numbers that do not fall within private IP address ranges.
Private IP addresses also have an extra layer of security because they are only located within private networks, and not to the internet as a public IP address would be.
Learn the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, and how many addresses IPv6 supports .
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An IP address is a set of numbers and dots that identifies a device. Private IP ranges are series of numbers blocked from public use.
You can use a public IP address to access the internet, create your own server, gain remote access to your device, and more. Many people want public IP addresses for these benefits. Unfortunately, there aren’t enough of them to go around.
As a result, experts recommend that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) give their clients private IP addresses pulled from private IP ranges set aside for that purpose.
Anyone with a private IP address can't get direct-sent internet traffic. Instead, they work with Network Address Translation (or NAT), which allows multiple devices to use the same public IP address. In essence, you're part of a network that all shares one resource.
Private IPv4 address ranges include:
fc00::/7 address block = RFC 4193 Unique Local Addresses (ULA)
fec0::/10 address block = deprecated (RFC 3879)
If you’re not sure if you’re working within a public or private IP address network, try www.MyIP.com . In seconds, you’ll get a report that tells you exactly how you’re connected.
Using private IP ranges enhances your security. Your public IP isn't visible to those that might harm you, and your NAT could protect other devices within your home.
Companies could, in theory, save a little money and effort by sticking with private IP networks. Rather than exposing their company to multiple security risks from all of the devices their employees might use, they only have one public risk to worry about.
But sharing resources can make managing networks tough. If you're hoping to combine two networks, you could end up with IP address duplications and plenty of troubles along the way.
Do you have more questions about IP addresses and how they work? Check out our blog post about the Domain Name System.
Address Allocation for Private Internets . (February 1996). Network Working Group.
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Launch your terminal.
Type command hostname -I and press Enter .

As a result you’ll see your private IP:

Hints

You can extract IP by executing the ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}' command.

The command ip route has several aliases:

ip r
ip route
ip r list
ip route list

Hints

You can extract IP by executing the ifconfig | grep -oP '(?<=inet addr:)\S+(?=.*)' command.

Hints

You can extract IP by executing the ip addr | grep -oP '(?<=inet )[^\s/]+(?=.*)' command.

The command ip addr has several aliases:

ip a
ip addr
ip a show
ip address
ip addr show
ip address show

Click network arrows icon on the system tray.
Choose the “Connection Information” option.

Your private IP is displyed next to the “IP Address” label within “IPv4” group:

Hints

You can open “Network” panel by typing “network” or “ip” in the “Search your computer” box.

Hints

Instead of en0 you should specify your network device name.
To find your network device name execute route get 8.8.8.8 | awk '/interface/{print $2}'
An one-liner command ipconfig getifaddr $(route get 8.8.8.8 | awk '/interface/{print $2}')

Hints

You can extract IP by executing the ifconfig | grep -oE 'inet \S+ | awk {print $NF}' command.

Hints

Press Ctrl + C to copy technical details of your connection.
First three steps can be simplified by pressing Win + R , typing ncpa.cpl and pressing Enter .
Another way to open “Network and Sharing Center” is to click on network icon in system tray.

Hints

Use the ipconfig | findstr /R /C:"IPv[46] Address" command to find all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Execute command ipconfig /all to display all details about your network connections.
To copy command line results right-click on it, select “Mark”, highlight text you want to copy, and press Enter .

There are more commands allowing you to find additional info about your network:

netsh interface ip show addresses
netstat -an
nbtstat -S
arp -a
wmic NICConfig

Hints

Also you can start PowerShell from Start Menu → All Programs → Accessories → Windows PowerShell .
Powershell can run the same tools and commands as CMD.

Additional ways of how you can get your IP address using Powershell:

(Test-Connection -ComputerName $env:ComputerName -Count 1).IPV4Address.IPAddressToString
(Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration).IPAddress
ipconfig | Select-String "IPv4.+ (\S+)" | % {$_.Matches.Groups[1].Value}

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