Private Double
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Private Double
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public class Circle
{
private double _radius ;
private Color _color ;
private Point _origin ;
public Circle ( double radius , Color color , Point origin )
{
this . _radius = radius ;
this . _color = color ;
this . _origin = origin ;
}
public double Circumference => 2 * Math . PI * this . _radius ;
public double Diameter => 2 * this . _radius ;
public void Draw ( Graphics graphics )
{
//...
}
}
public class CircleData
{
private double _radius ;
private Color _color ;
private Point _origin ;
public CircleData ( double radius , Color color , Point origin )
{
this . _radius = radius ;
this . _color = color ;
this . _origin = origin ;
}
public double Radius => this . _radius ;
public Color Color => this . _color ;
public Point Origin => this . _origin ;
}
public class Circle
{
private CircleData _circleData ;
public Circle ( double radius , Color color , Point origin )
{
this . _circleData = new CircleData ( radius , color , origin );
}
public double Circumference => 2 * this . _circleData . Radius * Math . PI ;
public double Diameter => this . _circleData . Radius * 2 ;
public void Draw ( Graphics graphics )
{
//...
}
}
^ "D-Pointer" . Retrieved 7 January 2017 .
Private class data is a design pattern in computer programming used to encapsulate class attributes and their manipulation.
The following documentation categories for the private class data design pattern follows the design pattern documentation style precedent set by the Gang of Four .
The private class data design pattern seeks to reduce exposure of attributes by limiting their visibility. It reduces the number of class attributes by encapsulating them in single Data object. It allows the class designer to remove write privilege of attributes that are intended to be set only during construction, even from methods of the target class.
PIMPL (Private IMPLementation) or Opaque pointer
A class may expose its attributes (class variables) to manipulation when manipulation is no longer desirable, e.g. after construction. Using the private class data design pattern prevents that undesirable manipulation.
A class may have one-time mutable attributes that cannot be declared final . Using this design pattern allows one-time setting of those class attributes.
The motivation for this design pattern comes from the design goal of protecting class state by minimizing the visibility of its attributes (data).
This design pattern applies to any class in many object oriented languages.
The consequences of using this design pattern include the following:
The private class data design pattern solves the problems above by extracting a data class for the target class and giving the target class instance an instance of the extracted data class .
The following C# code illustrates an opportunity to use the private class data design pattern:
The attributes radius , color , and origin above should not change after the Circle() constructor. Note that the visibility is already limited by scoping them as private , but doing methods of class Circle can still modify them.
The excess exposure of the attributes creates a type of (undesirable) coupling between methods that access those attributes. To reduce the visibility of the attributes and thus reduce the coupling, implement the private class data design pattern, as follows:
The Circle class in the resulting code has an attribute of type CircleData to encapsulate the attributes previously exposed to all of the methods of the class Circle . That encapsulation prevents methods from changing the attributes after the Circle() constructor. Note, however, that any method of Circle can still retrieve the values of the encapsulated attributes.
The Qt framework uses the private class data pattern in its shared libraries. [1] The classes that implement the pattern include a "d-pointer" to the data class. Methods are provided for manipulating member variables in the data class, allowing changes without breaking binary compatibility.
Ulearn-Csharp1/AccountingModel.cs at master...
Private class data pattern - Wikipedia
Difference between private , public, and protected modifiers in C++
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Data hiding is one of the important features of Object Oriented Programming which allows preventing the functions of a program to access directly the internal representation of a class type. The access restriction to the class members is specified by the labeled access modifiers − public, private, and protected sections within the class body.
The default access for members and classes is private.
A public member is accessible from anywhere outside the class but within a program. You can set and get the value of public variables without any member.
A private member variable or function cannot be accessed, or even viewed from outside the class. Only the class and friend functions can access private members.
A protected member variable or function is very similar to a private member but it provided one additional benefit that they can be accessed in child classes which are called derived classes.
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