Private Cloud
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Private Cloud
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Published November 6, 2019 •
3-minute read
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Private clouds are cloud environments solely dedicated to the end user, usually within the user’s firewall. Although private clouds traditionally ran on-premise, organizations are now building private clouds on rented, vendor-owned data centers located off-premise.
All clouds become private clouds when the underlying IT infrastructure is dedicated to a single customer with completely isolated access.
Private clouds rely on a handful of various technologies, but understanding how virtualization works is the key to understanding how private clouds work. A private cloud uses virtualization technology to combine resources sourced from physical hardware into shared pools. This way, the cloud doesn't have to create environments by virtualizing resources one at a time from a bunch of different physical systems. A scripted IT process can just grab all those resources from a single source—like a data supermarket.
Adding a layer of management software gives administrative control over the infrastructure, platforms, applications, and data that will be used in the cloud by helping cloud admins track and optimize use, oversee integration points, and retain or recover data. When the final automation layer is added to replace or reduce human interaction with repeatable instructions and processes, the self-service component of the cloud is complete and that bundle of technologies is now a private cloud.
Cloud infrastructure refers to the components needed for cloud computing. The basic elements of cloud infrastructure are the same whether you have a private cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud.
All clouds require operating systems—like Linux® —but the infrastructure can include a variety of bare-metal, virtualization, or container software that abstract, pool, and share scalable resources across a network.
You can build a private cloud on your own using resources dedicated solely to you, or use prepackaged cloud infrastructure like OpenStack®.
With private clouds, you're completely responsible for all costs at all times. You staff, manage, and maintain all underlying infrastructure. But private clouds can also be delivered by cloud providers as part of a managed private cloud approach.
Managed private clouds let customers create and use a private cloud that's deployed, configured, and managed by a third-party vendor. It's a cloud delivery option that helps enterprises with understaffed or underskilled IT teams provide better private cloud services and infrastructure to users without the day-to-day complexities of managing a private cloud themselves.
The bare-metal IT infrastructure used by cloud providers can also be abstracted and sold as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) , or it can be developed into a platform sold as a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) .
Private clouds are the ideal solution for IT leaders who want to make enterprise resources available on-demand, but can’t (or don’t want to) move to the public cloud. This can be due to security policies, budgets, compliance requirements, or regulations, like those that define the healthcare and financial service industries.
Companies in these industries use encryption protocols and firewalls to secure their IT systems, but private clouds add an extra level of security—compared to public clouds—because access is limited.
Whether or not you invest in private cloud infrastructure also depends on the workloads that need to be supported. Traditional, stateful workloads are well supported by enterprise virtualization products. But stateless, loosely coupled workloads—typically found in development , research, and telecommunications (particularly network functions virtualization)—are better supported by private clouds.
Private clouds reduce instances of underused capacity. They allow the enterprise to automatically configure and reconfigure resources in any way it wants, since those resources aren’t restricted by their physical installations.
Private clouds provide additional benefits, such as:
Big data and the Internet of Things (IoT) have made private cloud storage very important to businesses, particularly in an era where it can difficult to appraise the value of a byte until long after it was created. Private clouds use something called software-defined storage (SDS) to archive and sort data. One of the more common SDS solutions for private clouds—particularly those deployed using OpenStack®—is Ceph. Ceph is the open source project behind Red Hat Ceph Storage , and it works well with clouds because it unifies object, block, and file storage into a single resource pool.
Because each private cloud is unique, and building unique private clouds by yourself can get exponentially expensive. That's why we developed a bunch of cloud solutions that let you build a unique private cloud from wherever you are right now. Already have a virtual infrastructure? Red Hat OpenStack Platform runs off the virtual resources you've already deployed.
Learn the facets of cloud management and how a cloud management platform can help your enterprise.
Managed services are a way to offload general tasks to an expert, in order to reduce costs, improve service quality, or free internal teams to do work that’s specific to your business.
Our open hybrid cloud strategy, supported by our open source technologies brings a consistent foundation to any cloud deployment: public, private, hybrid, or multi.
The OpenStack® Word Mark and OpenStack Logo are either registered trademarks / service marks or trademarks / service marks of the OpenStack Foundation, in the United States and other countries and are used with the OpenStack Foundation's permission. We are not affiliated with, endorsed or sponsored by the OpenStack Foundation or the OpenStack community.
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What is a private cloud?
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Private cloud is a type of cloud computing that delivers similar advantages to public cloud, including scalability and self-service, but through a proprietary architecture. A private cloud, also known as internal or corporate cloud, is dedicated to the needs and goals of a single organization whereas public clouds deliver services to multiple organizations.
A private cloud is a single-tenant environment , meaning the organization using it (the tenant) does not share resources with other users. Those resources can be hosted and managed in a variety of ways. The private cloud might be based on resources and infrastructure already present in an organization's on-premises data center or on new, separate infrastructure, which is provided by a third-party organization. In some cases, the single-tenant environment is enabled solely using virtualization software. In any case, the private cloud and its resources are dedicated to a single user or tenant.
The private cloud is one of three general models for cloud deployment in an organization: public, private and hybrid (there is also multi-cloud, which is any combination of the three). All three models share common basic elements of cloud infrastructure. For example, all clouds need an operating system to function. However, the various types of software -- including virtualization and container software -- stacked on top of the operating system is what determines how the cloud will function, and distinguishes the three main models.
A public cloud is where an independent, third-party provider, such as Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) or Microsoft Azure, owns and maintains compute resources that customers can access over the internet. Public cloud users share these resources, a model known as a multi-tenant environment .
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Private clouds are often deployed when public clouds are deemed inappropriate or inadequate for the needs of a business. For example, a public cloud might not provide the level of service availability or uptime that an organization needs. In other cases, the risk of hosting a mission-critical workload in the public cloud might exceed an organization's risk tolerance, or there might be security or regulatory concerns related to the use of a multi-tenant environment. In these cases, an enterprise might opt to invest in a private cloud to realize the benefits of cloud computing, while maintaining total control and ownership of its environment.
However, public clouds do have advantages. A public cloud offers an opportunity for cost savings through the use of computing as a "utility" -- customers only pay for the resources they use. It can also be a simpler model to implement because the provider handles a portion of the infrastructure responsibilities.
A hybrid cloud is a model in which a private cloud connects with public cloud infrastructure, allowing an organization to orchestrate workloads across the two environments. In this model, the public cloud effectively becomes an extension of the private cloud to form a single, uniform cloud. A hybrid cloud deployment requires a high level of compatibility between the underlying software and services used by both the public and private clouds.
This model can provide a business with greater flexibility than a private or public cloud because it allows workloads to move between private and public clouds as computing needs and costs change.
A hybrid cloud is suitable for businesses with highly dynamic workloads, as well as businesses that deal in big data processing. In each scenario, the business can split the workloads between the clouds for efficiency, dedicating host sensitive workloads to the private cloud, and more demanding, less specific distributed computing tasks to the public cloud.
In return for its flexibility, the hybrid model sacrifices some of the total control of the private cloud and some of the simplicity and convenience of the public cloud.
The main advantage of a private cloud is that users don't share resources. Because of its proprietary nature, a private cloud computing model is best for businesses with dynamic or unpredictable computing needs that require direct control over their environments, typically to meet security, business governance or regulatory compliance requirements.
When an organization properly architects and implements a private cloud, it can provide most of the same benefits found in public clouds, such as user self-service and scalability, as well as the ability to provision and configure virtual machines ( VMs ) and change or optimize computing resources on demand. An organization can also implement chargeback tools to track computing usage and ensure business units pay only for the resources or services they use.
In addition to those core benefits inherent to both cloud deployment models, private clouds also offer:
Private clouds also have some disadvantages. First, private cloud technologies, such as increased automation and user self-service, can bring some complexity to an enterprise. These technologies typically require an IT team to rearchitect some of its data center infrastructure, as well as adopt additional management tools. As a result, an organization might have to adjust or even increase its IT staff to successfully implement a private cloud. They can also be expensive; often, when a business owns its private cloud, it bears all the acquisition, deployment, support and maintenance costs involved.
Hosted private clouds, while not outright owned by the user, can also be costly. The service provider takes care of basic network maintenance and configuration in a hosted deployment, which means the user needs to subscribe and pay regularly for that offered service. This can end up being more expensive than the upfront cost of complete ownership in the long run, and sacrifices some of the control over maintenance that complete ownership guarantees. Although users will still be operating in a single-tenant environment, providers are likely serving multiple clients, and promising each of them a catered, custom environment. If an incident occurs on the provider's end -- an improperly maintained or overburdened server for example -- users may find themselves facing the same problems the public cloud presents: unreliability and lack of control.
Private clouds can differ in the way that they are hosted and managed, providing different functions depending on the needs of the enterprise:
The above list categorizes different types of private clouds by the way they are hosted and to what extent they are managed by the provider. Private cloud infrastructure is also a way to categorize different types. For example:
A private cloud is commonly deployed on premises in much the same way a business would build and operate its own traditional data center. However, an increasing number of vendors offer private cloud services that can bolster or even replace on-premises systems.
Some of the largest players in the private cloud market include:
As mentioned, operating a private cloud on premises is generally more expensive upfront than using a public cloud for computing as a utility. This is due to back-end maintenance expenses that come with owning a private infrastructure and the capital expense of implementing one. However, a managed private cloud can mitigate those costs and, in some cases, even be cheaper than a standard public cloud implementation.
Vendors offer a few different models for pricing the managed private cloud. The pricing model and price itself can vary depending on the private cloud hardware and software offered and the level of management provided by the vendor. Often the pricing is based on packages of hardware, software and services that can be utilized in private cloud deployments. For example, VMware prices its virtualization platform vSphere using a yearly subscription and support model, with one yearly price for a basic subscription or a slightly higher price for a production-level subscription, and a flat license fee. Rackspace, in partnership with Hewlett Packard, offers a pay-as-you-go ( PAYG ) model for the private cloud, charging the end user on a service-to-service basis. The popularity of this pricing model is growing due to rapid growth in the cloud-based infrastructure market, fostering the need for a more flexible and efficient pricing model.
Understanding pricing models for managed private cloud deployments can get complicated. Many vendor websites do not offer a straight-ahead "private cloud" package. Instead, they sell a spectrum of different hardware, software and services that a company can leverage to deploy a private cloud. Often, the pricing for these products is not made explicitly clear on vendor websites, and buyers will be prompted to speak with a salesperson once they've reached the part of the website that focuses on purchase intent. This is likely because private clouds, and managed clouds especially, need to be specifically tailored to a business's needs. Buyers should understand which business processes specifically require the cloud, and why they need flexible and scalable cloud infrastructure, so that they can make an informed choice with the ve
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