Prison slave

Prison slave
The current state of prison labor in the United States has distinct roots in the slavery -era economy and society. The first for-profit prison, and prison to use forced, incarcerated labor, was created in New York State, with the construction of the Auburn Prison completed in 1817. The Auburn Prison contained several factories that used water power from the nearby Owasco River, and prisoners ...
Nationally, prison reform is a coordinated movement. Numerous organizations focusing on prison reform generally also have efforts in place to reform or abolish forced prison labor. I have used sources from the Equal Justice Initiative and the American Civil Liberties Union in this piece.
Nov 13, 2023
The stories of antebellum slavery and modern-day prison labor are deeply intertwined in the Deep South of the United States, exemplified by the prison plantation.
Forced prison labor is one aspect of the racist, anti-worker Southern economic development model, which relies on inhumane, regressive forms of revenue generation and masks the true costs of incarceration. It is past time to reckon with our dehumanization and exploitation of incarcerated workers and start treating them like other workers.
Striking down prison labor as outright "slavery" from a state constitution is certainly an important political victory, but in order for it to have the most impact on the lives of incarcerated people we have to address the fact that prison labor is always an exploitative tool of labor extraction.
In turn, it greenlit slavery's persistence in the form of involuntary prison labor that disproportionately targeted Black individuals. In this way, the 13th Amendment circumnavigated contemporary calls for the abolition of slavery to preserve a cheap labor source, allowing it to continue in a more hidden and publicly justifiable setting.
Also benefitting are the state and local governments that use underpaid prison slaves for maintenance, housekeeping, and even dangerous work like firefighting. Colorado's DOC, like most prison systems, attempts to justify its abusive labor practices by claiming prisoners benefit from the work experience and training post-release.
No image draws a more obvious connection between chattel slavery and mass incarceration in the United States than that of Black men toiling in fields under the watch of armed overseers on horseback at Angola, an antebellum plantation turned plantation prison.
The US prison population quickly went from predominantly white to predominantly Black, with labour exploitation at the system's core.
4 days ago
Wage theft is modern day slavery. And it's connected to the actual slavery happening in our prison system—corporations profiting from forced labor while stealing wages from free workers.
4 days ago
Combining archival footage with testimony from activists and scholars, director Ava DuVernay's examination of the U.S. prison system looks at how the country's history of racial inequality drives ...
From the moment they enter the prison gates, incarcerated people lose the right to refuse to work. This is because the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which protects against slavery and involuntary servitude, explicitly excludes from its reach those held in confinement due to a criminal conviction. The roots of modern prison labor can be found in the ratification of this exception ...
Invest in prison work programs that provide incarcerated workers with marketable skills and training that will help them to find employment after release and eliminate barriers to employment after release. Amend the US Constitution to abolish the 13th Amendment's exclusion that allows slavery and involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime.
While the term "prison-industrial complex" refers to issues ranging from the construction of new prisons to the exorbitant costs of canteen items, one of most common associations with the term is with prison labor — a form of modern-day slavery.
The Thirteenth Amendment forbade slavery and involuntary servitude, "except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted."
24,000 prisoners across 29 prisons in 12 states protested against inhumane conditions, timing it around the anniversary of the Attica Prison uprising, a prisoner strike now 46 years old. That ...
A punishment cell block in one of the subcamps of Vorkutlag, 1945 The Gulag[c][d] was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. [8][9][7] The word Gulag originally referred only to the division of the Soviet secret police that was in charge of running the forced labor camps from the 1930s to the early 1950s during Joseph Stalin 's rule, but in English literature the term is popularly ...
The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified in 1865, made slavery and involuntary servitude unconstitutional in the United States "except as punishment for crime." As the end of slavery left a void in the Southern labor market, the criminal justice system became one of the primary means of continuing the legalized involuntary servitude of African Americans. Initially, states passed discriminatory ...
Jun 22, 2024
Jul 16, 2025
The development of the prison industrial complex between government and industry, forces many state organizations and public institutions, and universities in Virginia, including JMU, utilize the "services" of prison-made goods. Background: Tracing Modern Day Slavery to the 13th Amendment
The Constitution should prohibit all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude — including forced labor in prisons.
The Chains of Slavery Still Exist in Mass Incarceration Echoes of slavery—and the white supremacy that fueled it—continue to reverberate through the U.S. criminal legal system.
For newer statistics on prison labor, see our 2017 analysis and James Kilgore's explanation of why most prison labor is for the state, not private companies: The Myth of Prison Slave Labor Camps. Section III: The Prison Economy Prison labor Year slavery and involuntary servitude abolished by the 13th Amendment except as punishment for crime 503 ...
Prison is punishment. Prison is racism. Prison is vengeance. Prison is the criminalization of poverty, the institutional oppression and enslavement disproportionately and intentionally inflicted upon the descendants of enslaved people. Prison is NOT rehabilitation. Prison does NOT prevent or reduce crime. Prison IS slavery.
"Modern day prison labor descends from the enslavement of Black people. After the Thirteenth Amendment abolished race-based slavery, the criminal legal system was used to replicate its oppressive structural framework, through convict leasing, chain gangs, and forced "public works" projects.
Rooted in Slavery: Prison Labor Exploitation By Jaron Browne The United States has once again surpassed its own world record for incarcerating the highest percentage of its population. According to a report released by the Bureau of Prison Statistics, one out of every 32 adults was in prison, in jail, on probation, or on parole at the end of 2005.
Slavery and anti-Blackness are deeply ingrained in American institutions, and prison labor is just one of the thinly veiled systems used to perpetuate it.
Prison labor, or penal labor, is work that is performed by incarcerated and detained people. Not all prison labor is forced labor, but the setting involves unique modern slavery risks because of its inherent power imbalance and because those incarcerated have few avenues to challenge abuses behind bars. Free prison labor, or work that is performed voluntarily, can be a valuable activity but it ...
The real origin of prison slavery is found in the 13th amendment which allows forced labor "as punishment for a crime."
Prison Labor: Where 'Dead-End' Jobs Meet 21st Century Slavery Inside the towering walls and razor wire fences of U.S. prisons, slavery remains legal—and it is carried out with little oversight, often under horrific conditions.
Mar 6, 2025
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History The Origins of Prison Slavery How Southern whites found replacements for their emancipated slaves in the prison system.
behind prison walls. His statement resounds with a long tradition of prisoners, particularly African-American prisoners, who have used the language and narra? tive of slavery to describe the conditions of their imprisonment. In the year 2000, as the punishment industry becomes a leading employer and producer for the U.S. "state," and as private prison and "security" corporations bargain to ...
Penal labour or prison labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour that prisoners are required to perform, [1] typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard, depending on the context. [2] Forms of sentence involving penal labour have included involuntary servitude, penal servitude, and imprisonment with hard labour. The term may refer to several related scenarios: labour as a ...
The abolition of slavery caused states to seek ways to lock Black people into the prison system as a way to exploit their labor. Despite the civil rights reforms of the twentieth century, conditions at U.S. prisons continue to be problematic.
Our study is the first to examine the impact of a county's legacy of slavery on incarceration sentencing outcomes. Specifically, we argue that if the place-based perspective is correct, individuals should experience worse felony case outcomes when they are charged in counties that had higher rates of slavery in 1860.
Soon after coming to Allred prison in Texas, Bret Ramos claimed me as his own. He told me I had two choices: I could submit, or I could die. Thus began my life as a prison sex slave. What most ...
Jun 5, 2025
Advocates for prison labor rights have said that the 13th Amendment has simply replaced slave labor with free prison labor and is, in essence, modern-day slavery.
A wave of legislation—beginning with the Prison Industry Enhancement Act in 1979—re-authorised profitable prison labour and mandated that prisoners work during their incarceration.
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