Pregnant Smoking

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https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/health_effects/pregnancy
Перевести · Smoking During Pregnancy Smoking reduces a woman’s chances of getting pregnant.1,2 Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for pregnancy complications.1,2 Tobacco smoke harms babies before and after they are born.1,3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancy
It is recommended for people planning pregnancy to stop smoking. It is important to examine these effects because smoking before, during and after pregnancy is not an unusual behavior among the general population and can have detrimental health impacts, especially among both mother and child, as a result. In 2011, approximately 10% of pregnant people in data collected from …
It is recommended for people planning pregnancy to stop smoking. It is important to examine these effects because smoking before, during and after pregnancy is not an unusual behavior among the general population and can have detrimental health impacts, especially among both mother and child, as a result. In 2011, approximately 10% of pregnant people in data collected from 24 U.S. states reported smoking during the last three months of their pregnancy.
https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/stop-smoking
Перевести · Every cigarette you smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, so smoking when you are pregnant harms your unborn baby. Cigarettes can …
https://www.webmd.com/baby/smoking-during-pregnancy
Перевести · 27.05.2002 · Smoking during pregnancy affects you and your baby's health before, during, and after your baby …
Pregnant Woman Has No Will To Quit Smoking | Misbehaving Mums To Be | Real Families with Foxy Games
Pregnant Woman Smokes Over 20 Cigarettes A Day|Misbehaving Mums To Be| Real Families with Foxy Games
More Local Women Smoking While Pregnant
Hanna - young pregnant woman smoking a cigarette (full screen)
Quit Smoking : How to Stop Smoking While Pregnant
https://women.smokefree.gov/pregnancy-motherhood/quitting-while-pregnant/myths-about...
Перевести · Quitting smoking – at any point during your pregnancy – is one of the best things you can do for your baby. Learn how you can become smokefree during your pregnancy and after your baby arrives. Myths vs. Facts. Myth #1: I’m pregnant and have been smoking…
https://utswmed.org/medblog/smoking-during-pregnancy
Перевести · 20.03.2018 · Women who smoke during pregnancy are at increased risk for respiratory infections, as well as blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes. …
How harmful is smoking during pregnancy?
How harmful is smoking during pregnancy?
www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/he…
When is the best time to stop smoking during pregnancy?
When is the best time to stop smoking during pregnancy?
When mothers stop smoking before pregnancy about 3-4 weeks and do not smoke a single cigarette during pregnancy, there is guaranteed no harmful impact on the baby. The baby and the pregnancy period will happen normally and healthy as never smoking mothers.
www.childmode.com/smoking-pregnancy/
What ' s The percentage of pregnant women who smoke?
What ' s The percentage of pregnant women who smoke?
Only 0.6% Asian-American is the lowest ethnicity of all smoke while pregnant, the lowest ethnicity of all. About 7.5% of all pregnant women smoke during pregnancy. 10.7% of pregnant women of age 20-24 smoke during pregnancy, ranking as the highest age group. After 25, pregnant women tend to stop smoking as they getting older.
www.childmode.com/smoking-pregnancy/
Is it illegal to smoke during pregnancy in Louisiana?
Is it illegal to smoke during pregnancy in Louisiana?
However, in Louisiana, the rate of smoking during pregnancy is less than 7 percent, and the adult smoking rate is almost 23 percent. It makes me curious whether doctors in Louisiana have strong programs to help women quit or whether there is a severe stigma against smoking during pregnancy that has led to extreme underreporting.
utswmed.org/medblog/smoking-during-pre…
https://www.childmode.com/smoking-pregnancy
Перевести · 04.02.2020 · Only 0.6% Asian-American is the lowest ethnicity of all smoke while pregnant, the lowest ethnicity of all. Age of SDP woman. About 7.5% of all pregnant women smoke during pregnancy. 10.7% of pregnant women of age 20-24 smoke during pregnancy, ranking as the highest age group. After 25, pregnant women tend to stop smoking as they getting older.
https://nicotex.in/blog/post/smoking-and-pregnancy
Перевести · 11.08.2020 · Smoking during pregnancy exposes you and your baby to several serious health risks like stillbirth, miscarriage and birth defects. Smoking anytime during pregnancy …
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Tobacco smoking during pregnancy causes many detrimental effects on health and reproduction, in addition to the general health effects of tobacco. A number of studies have shown that tobacco use is a significant factor in miscarriages among pregnant smokers, and that it contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the foetus.[1][2]
Because of the associated risks, people are advised not to smoke before, during or after pregnancy. If this is not possible, however, reducing the daily number of cigarettes smoked can minimize the risks for both the mother and child. This is especially true for people in developing countries, where breastfeeding is essential for the child's overall nutritional status.[3]
It is recommended for people planning pregnancy to stop smoking.[4] It is important to examine these effects because smoking before, during and after pregnancy is not an unusual behavior among the general population and can have detrimental health impacts, especially among both mother and child, as a result. In 2011, approximately 10% of pregnant people in data collected from 24 U.S. states reported smoking during the last three months of their pregnancy.[5]
According to a study conducted in 2008 by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) that interviewed people in 26 states in the United States, approximately 13% of people reported smoking during the last three months of pregnancy. Of people who smoked during the last three months of pregnancy, 52% reported smoking five or fewer cigarettes per day, 27% reported smoking six to 10 cigarettes per day, and 21% reported smoking 11 or more cigarettes per day.[6]
In the United States, people whose pregnancies were unintended are 30% more likely to smoke during pregnancy than those whose pregnancies were intended.[7]
Smoking during pregnancy can lead to a plethora of health risks to both the mother and the fetus.
People who smoke during pregnancy are about twice as likely to experience the following pregnancy complications:[8]
Some studies show that the probability of premature birth is roughly 1% higher for people who smoke during pregnancy, going from around -1% to 1%.[10]
Smoking can also impair the general development of the placenta, which is problematic because it reduces blood flow to the fetus. When the placenta does not develop fully, the umbilical cord which transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the placenta, cannot transfer enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, which will not be able to fully grow and develop. These conditions can result in heavy bleeding during delivery that can endanger mother and baby, although cesarean delivery can prevent most deaths.[11]
There is limited evidence that smoking reduces the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension,[12] but not when the pregnancy is with multiple babies (i.e. it has no effect on twins, triplets, etc.).[13]
Other effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy include an increased risk for Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. There is a link between chronic tic disorders, which include Tourette syndrome and other disorders like ADHD and OCD. According to a study published in 2016 in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, there is an especially high risk for children to be born with a chronic tic disorder if their mother is a heavy smoker. Heavy smoking can be defined as ten or more cigarettes each day. With this heavy smoking, researchers have found that there is an increase in risk as high as 66% for the child to have a chronic tic disorder. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with psychiatric disorders such as ADHD. Concerning the increase risk for Tourette syndrome, there is an increased risk when two or more psychiatric disorders are also existent as maternal smoking leads to a higher chance of having a psychiatric disorder. E. (n.d.). Maternal Smoking Could Lead to an Increased Risk for Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/research-and-journals/maternal-smoking-could-lead-to-an-increased-risk-for-tourette-syndrome-and-tic-disorders
Smoking during pregnancy can result in lower birth weight as well as deformities in the fetus.[14][15] Smoking nearly doubles the risk of low birthweight babies. In 2004, 11.9% of babies born to smokers had low birthweight as compared to only 7.2% of babies born to nonsmokers. More specifically, infants born to smokers weigh on average 200 grams less than infants born to people who do not smoke.[16]
The nicotine in cigarette smoke constricts the blood vessels in the placenta and carbon monoxide, which is poisonous, enters the fetus' bloodstream, replacing some of the valuable oxygen molecules carried by hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Moreover, because the fetus cannot breathe the smoke out, it has to wait for the placenta to clear it. These effects account for the fact that, on average, babies born to smoking mothers are usually born too early and have a low birth weight (less than 2.5 kilograms or 5.5 pounds), making it more likely the baby will become ill or die. [17]
Premature and low birth weight babies face an increased risk of serious health problems as newborns have chronic lifelong disabilities such as cerebral palsy (a set of motor conditions causing physical disabilities), intellectual disabilities and learning problems.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant that is unexplainable by the infant's history. The death also remains unexplainable upon autopsy. Infants exposed to smoke, both during pregnancy and after birth, are found to be more at risk of SIDS due to the increased levels of nicotine often found in SIDS cases. Infants exposed to smoke during pregnancy are up to three times more likely to die of SIDS than children born to non-smoking mothers.[quantify][18]
Smoking can also cause other birth defects, reduced birth circumference, altered brainstem development, altered lung structure, and cerebral palsy. Recently the U.S. Public Health Service reported that if all pregnant women in the United States stopped smoking, there would be an estimated 11% reduction in stillbirths and a 5% reduction in newborn deaths.[16]
A recent study has proposed that maternal smoking during pregnancy can lead to future teenage obesity. While no significant differences could be found between young teenagers with smoking mothers as compared to young teenagers with nonsmoking mothers, older teenagers with smoking mothers were found to have on average 26% more body fat and 33% more abdominal fat than similar aged teenagers with non-smoking mothers. This increase in body fat may result from the effects of smoking during pregnancy, which is thought to impact fetal genetic programming in relation to obesity. While the exact mechanism for this difference is currently unknown, studies conducted on animals have indicated that nicotine may affect brain functions that deal with eating impulses and energy metabolism. These differences appear to have a significant effect on the maintenance of a healthy, normal weight. As a result of this alteration to brain function, teenage obesity can in turn lead to a variety of health problems including diabetes (a condition in which the affected individual's blood glucose level is too high and the body is unable to regulate it), hypertension (high blood pressure), and cardiovascular disease (any affliction related to the heart but most commonly the thickening of arteries due to excess fat build-up).[20]
Studies indicate that smoking during pregnancy increases the likelihood of offspring beginning to smoke at an early age.[citation needed]
Quitting smoking at any point during pregnancy is more beneficial than continuing to smoke throughout the entire nine months of pregnancy, especially if it is done within the first trimester (within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy). A recent study suggests, however, that people who smoke at any time during the first trimester put their fetus at a higher risk for birth defects, particularly congenital heart defects (structural defects in the heart of an infant that can hinder blood flow) than people who have never smoked. That risk only continues to increase the longer into the pregnancy a person smokes, as well as the larger number of cigarettes she is smoking. This continued increase in risk throughout pregnancy means that it can still be beneficial for a pregnant person to quit smoking for the remainder of their gestation period.[11]
There are many resources to help pregnant people quit smoking such as counseling and drug therapies. For non-pregnant smokers, an often-recommended aid to quitting smoking is through the use of nicotine replacement therapy in the form of patches, gum, inhalers, lozenges, sprays or sublingual tablets (tablets which are placed under the tongue). However, it is important to note that the use of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) is questionable for pregnant people as these treatments still deliver nicotine to the child. For some pregnant smokers, NRT might still be the most beneficial and helpful solution to quit smoking. It is important that smokers talk to doctor to determine the best course of action on an individual basis.[21]
Infants exposed to smoke, both during pregnancy and after birth, are found to be more at risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[18]
If one does continue to smoke after giving birth, however, it is still more beneficial to breastfeed than to completely avoid this practice altogether. There is evidence that breastfeeding offers protection against many infectious diseases, especially diarrhea. Even in babies exposed to the harmful effects of nicotine through breast milk, the likelihood of acute respiratory illness is significantly diminished when compared to infants whose mothers smoked but were formula fed.[22] Regardless, the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the risks of nicotine exposure.
Passive smoking is associated with many risks to children, including, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS),[23][24] asthma,[25][26] lung infections,[27][28][29][30] impaired respiratory function and slowed lung growth,[8] Crohn's disease,[31] learning difficulties and neurobehavioral effects,[32][33] an increase in tooth decay,[34] and an increased risk of middle ear infections.[35][36]
A grandmother who smokes during her daughter's pregnancy transmits an increased risk of asthma to her grandchildren, even if the second-generation mother does not smoke.[37] The multigenerational epigenetic effect of nicotine on lung function has already been demonstrated.[37]
^ Ness, Roberta B.; Grisso, Jeane Ann; Hirschinger, Nancy; Markovic, Nina; Shaw, Leslie M.; Day, Nancy L.; Kline, Jennie (1999). "Cocaine and Tobacco Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion". New England Journal of Medicine. 340 (5): 333–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199902043400501. PMID 9929522.
^ Oncken, Cheryl; Kranzler, Henry; O'Malley, Paulette; Gendreau, Paula; Campbell, Winston (2002). "The effect of cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate characteristics". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 99 (5 Pt 1): 751–5. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01948-8. PMID 11978283. S2CID 38760373.
^ Najdawi, F; Faouri, M (1999). "Maternal smoking and breastfeeding". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 5 (3): 450–6. PMID 10793823.
^ McDonough, Mike (2015). "Update on medicines for smoking cessation". Australian Prescriber. 38 (4): 106–111. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2015.038. ISSN 0312-8008. PMC 4653977. PMID 26648633.
^ https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/tobaccousepregnancy[full citation needed]
^ "Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy" (PDF). Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy. CDC, Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
^ Eisenberg, Leon; Brown, Sarah Hart (1995). The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-0-309-05230-6.
^ a b Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy Archived 11 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Placenta previa
^ Anderka, Marlene; Romitti, Paul A.; Sun, Lixian; Druschel, Charlotte; Carmichael, Suzan; Shaw, Gary (2010). "Patterns of tobacco exposure before and during pregnancy". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 89 (4): 505–14. doi:10.3109/00016341003692261. PMC 6042858. PMID 20367429.
^ a b Vardavas, Constantine I.; Chatzi, Leda; Patelarou, Evridiki; Plana, Estel; Sarri, Katerina; Kafatos, Anthony; Koutis, Antonis D.; Kogevinas, Manolis (2010). "Smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal growth". European Journal of Pediatrics. 169 (6): 741–8. doi:10.1007/s00431-009-1107-9. PMID 19953266. S2CID 20429746.
^ Zhang, Jun; Zeisler, Jonathan; Hatch, Maureen C.; Berkowitz, Gertrud (1997). "Epidemiology of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension". Epidemiologic Reviews. 19 (2): 218–32. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017954. PMID 9494784.
^ Krotz, Stephan; Fajardo, Javier; Ghandi, Sanjay; Patel, Ashlesha; Keith, Louis G. (2002). "Hypertensive Disease in Twin Pregnancies: A Review". Twin Research. 5 (1): 8–14. doi:10.1375/1369052022848. PMID 11893276.
^ "[Infographic] 12 Do's and Don'ts of Pregnancy". Pregnancy Savvy. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
^ "Smoking During Pregnancy". Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
^ a b "2004 Surgeon General's Report" (PDF). Chapter 5 Reproductive Effects. Center for Disease Control. Retrieved
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