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At Increased Risk for Severe Illness from COVID-19
CDC is reviewing this page to align with updated guidance.
If you are pregnant or were recently pregnant, you are more likely to get severely ill from COVID-19 compared to people who are not pregnant. Pregnancy causes changes in the body that could make it easier to get very sick from respiratory viruses like the one that causes COVID-19. These changes in the body can continue after pregnancy.
Severe illness means that a person with COVID-19 may need:
People with COVID-19 who become severely ill can die. See why pregnancy is included in the list of underlying medical conditions that increase a person’s risk of severe illness from COVID-19.
Other factors can further increase the risk for getting very sick from COVID-19 during or recently after pregnancy, such as:
People with COVID-19 during pregnancy are more likely to experience complications that can affect their pregnancy and developing baby compared to people without COVID-19 during pregnancy. For example, COVID-19 during pregnancy increases the risk of delivering a preterm (earlier than 37 weeks) or stillborn infant. People with COVID-19 during pregnancy may also be more likely to have other pregnancy complications.
See the latest data on birth and infant outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19.
COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for people who are pregnant , breastfeeding, trying to get pregnant now, or might become pregnant in the future . In addition, everyone who is eligible, including those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, trying to get pregnant now, or might become pregnant in the future, should get a booster shot and stay up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. If you have questions about getting vaccinated, talking with your healthcare professional might help, but is not required.
If you are pregnant and have questions about COVID-19 vaccine
If you would like to speak to someone about COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, you can contact MotherToBaby. MotherToBaby experts are available to answer questions in English or Spanish by phone or chat. The free and confidential service is available Monday–Friday 8am–5pm (local time). To reach MotherToBaby:
Getting vaccinated prevents severe illness, hospitalizations, and death. People who have not received a COVID-19 vaccine should get vaccinated as soon as possible and continue masking. To maximize protection from variants and prevent possibly spreading the virus to others, people who are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines should wear a mask indoors in public in areas with a high COVID-19 Community Level . With the emergence of variants, this is more urgent than ever. Learn more about what you can do when you have been fully vaccinated when you are up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines.
It is especially important for people who are or were recently pregnant, and those who live or visit with them, to take steps to protect themselves and others from getting COVID-19 .
Limit in-person interactions with people who might have been exposed to COVID-19, including people within your household, as much as possible. If you or someone in your household is sick with COVID-19, follow guidance for isolation .
Keep all of your healthcare appointments during and after pregnancy. Visit with your healthcare provider for all recommended appointments. If you’re concerned about going to your appointments in person because of COVID-19, ask your healthcare professional what steps they are taking to protect patients from COVID-19, or ask about telemedicine options. If you need help finding a healthcare professional, contact your nearest hospital, clinic, community health center, or health department .
If you are diagnosed with COVID-19, learn about breastfeeding and caring for newborns when the mother has COVID-19 . Current evidence suggests that breast milk is not likely to spread the virus to babies.
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August 20, 2021 @ 11:17 am
· Filed by Mark Liberman under Usage

CDC has released new data on the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant people and is recommending all people 12 years of age and older get vaccinated against COVID-19.
“CDC encourages all pregnant people or people who are thinking about becoming pregnant and those breastfeeding to get vaccinated to protect themselves from COVID-19,” said CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky. “The vaccines are safe and effective, and it has never been more urgent to increase vaccinations as we face the highly transmissible Delta variant and see severe outcomes from COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant people.”
The CDC director is receiving pushback from conservatives for repeatedly referring to pregnant women as "pregnant people" in a brief speech Thursday about COVID-19 vaccines. […]
The phrase "pregnant people" is used by some in the LGBT community to include biological women who identify as men. It also can include women who identify as non-binary.
"People don't get pregnant – women do," R. Albert Mohler Jr., president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, said on his podcast The Briefing .
Dr. Mohler has strong feelings about related terminological and politico-cultural issues, judging from his recent podcasts . And we can predict more and more of the same, judging from the fact that in the NOW ("News on the Web") corpus , almost 10% of instances of "pregnant women/pregnant people" are now "pregnant people", even before the kerfuffle about the CDC announcement:
The NOW corpus (News on the Web) contains 13.2 billion words of data from web-based newspapers and magazines from 2010 to the present time (the most recent day is 2021-08-19).
I counted usages in that corpus, year by year, from 8/1/2010-8/1/2011 up to 8/1/2020-8/1/2021.
And the past few weeks (8/1/2021-8/19/2021) have 950 instances of "pregnant women" and 215 instances of "pregnant people", or 100*215/(950+215) = 18.5%.
From the perspective of lexicographers, semanticists, and psycholinguists, this is an interesting case (and not the only one) where base-level terminology evolves for socio-political reasons.
Update — as sauce for the gander, see " 'People with erectile dysfunction' ".

August 20, 2021 @ 11:17 am
· Filed by Mark Liberman under Usage

"People don't get pregnant – women do"
So women are not people, eh?
How many 12-year-old "people" are pregnant or thinking of getting pregnant?
Why don't they just say "safe during pregnancy" and avoid the whole kerfuffle? Like why don't they just have one or two single nongendered bathrooms for whoever wants to use them? Why always choose the most confrontational word choice as if we had no choice?
(As a copy editor I often recast sentences to avoid specifying only two genders AND ALSO avoid using the singular-plural "they." There are certainly places where "they" or "their" falls on the downbeat and is colloquial and unproblematic ("everyone should do whatever they want," "each student chooses the major they are most interested in"), and that's fine. But there are times when it is an obtrusive atrocity and totally confusing as to how many people we are talking about, anyway!!
(I know, I know—I don't always copyedit my own comments. So sue me.)
Symbolic erasure is why. Pregnant men (and to a lesser degree pregnant enbies) are persistently erased, so hearing language that acknowledge their reality is a huge emotional boon for those people. Imagine you went through life with people around you either explicitly excluding you or carefully constructing utterances to ensure other people who find your mere existence objectionable are comfortable. Imagine the relief you might feel to be acknowledged in official documentation.
I object to describing "pregnant people" as "the most confrontational word choice". "Pregnant women" is a good example of a needlessly confrontational word choice because it deliberately excludes all men and many enbies. "Pregnant people" is plain, direct language that neither belabors it nor shies away from it. A confrontational word choice would be "pregnant people, including those who are male or nonbinary" or "preganant women, pregnant men, and pregnant enbies".
@Victor Mair Twelve-year-olds can and do get pregnant, though I'm not sure how many intend to at the time. I like "pregnant people" because it's a lot easier to say than "pregnant women and girls and a few intersex or AFAB people." The number of nonbinary or transmasculine people who get pregnant is pretty small, but there are *lots* of pregnant girls (though fewer now than in the past). Some of them are below the age of consent, and it's frankly icky to consider them "women" just because they got pregnant. That's the kind of logic that leads to marrying them off instead of prosecuting the (usually) adult men who got them pregnant.
You can't just say "pregnant females" because then it sounds like you're breeding sows or running an incel forum. And there are a lot of women and girls who can't get pregnant (including virtually everyone under the age of 8 or over the age of 50), either, so you can't use "women and girls" as shorthand for people who have the potential to harbor fetuses. "Pregnant people" is just fine, and has the advantage of alliteration.
Some trans men can get pregnant, as can those who are non-binary. That is why there's been this switch in the medical world to saying "pregnant people". It takes getting used to, but it's done to show sensitivity to people of various genders who become pregnant. And as a woman, I've never found it dehumanizing to be referred to as a person.
Why do talking heads and politicians always have to refer to the military as "men and women" who serve or whatever? Why can't they say people? Just wondering . . .
I second that thought on "pregnant woman" shouldn't be used when the groups includes underage teens (and potentially 12 year olds).
I think this particular collocation engenders (no pun intended) a bit more freakout than is usual because — while "woman" includes a broad variety of people who may or may not be able to be pregnant for various reasons, and "pregnant" includes some number of people who do not consider themselves "women" — for most English-speakers, "the child-bearing sex of human adult" is fairly central to the prototype of "woman".
@Garrett Wollman: A viewpoint that I heard propounded a few years back (not one that I really agree with, but not entirely absurd either) was that being pregnant (or at least visibly pregnant) was itself an act of female gender presentation.
How many 12-year-old "people" are […] pregnant?
Last time I read about this, the Guinness world record was a 10-year-old who gave live birth.
Cervantes: Why do talking heads and politicians always have to refer to the military as "men and women" who serve or whatever? Why can't they say people? Just wondering . . .
At Joe Biden's age, it's a two-step process: boys > men > and women.
Actually, I do suspect that "our brave men" is involved.
My question was "how many"? And "are planning"?
How many 12-year-old "people" are pregnant
Quite a few by Southern Baptist ministers and gun-toting candidate Sheriffs, I believe. The sort of Ministers who are against abortion for 12-year-olds (or indeed for anybody) — except if the Minister themselves is the father.
IOW exactly the sort of Male people whose hypocrisy invalidates any right to comment.
I don't see where the CDC said anything about pregnant 12-year-olds. What they said is that since the vaccines have been shown to be safe for pregnant people, there's no longer a reason for such people to exempt themselves from the recommendation that "all people 12 years of age and older get vaccinated".
The phrase seems plain wrong to me, and before any political ideas whatever enter my head. 'Pregnant women' is just the normal way to say this as a noun phrase; substituting 'girls' or 'females' would likewise sound wrong, though the meaning is just as clear.
As the statement mentioned nothing about pregnant 12-year-olds in particular, all the comments relating to teenage pregnancy are off base, and 'pregnant women' is certainly understood to include all ages.
I myself don't see how it could possibly be disputed that being or getting pregnant, regardless of intent, is a female characteristic exclusively.
Last, I know the normal medical thing is 'safe during pregnancy', but perhaps someone wanted to avoid that as too formal or clinical, although I would never see any problem with it in such a context.
@Andrew Usher: Does it seem wrong or just unfamiliar? I'm not used to it either, but "pregnant people" seems like the right choice when you're focusing on the "pregnancy" part and not the "women" part. I hadn't thought of pregnant girls (as opposed to just women), but clearly it's important to acknowledge that non-binary people and trans men can be pregnant.
It's funny how "erasure" of trans men is causing the erasure of women in our own words. It is not – and should not – be controversial to point out that only women can get pregnant. "Women" is the common plural noun for human females. Women produce large gametes (ova) and have different organs that allow us to not only become pregnant, but sustain that pregnancy and give birth, and then produce nutritious milk (which also helps support the infant's immune system) after. Not all women are able to nor do all women want to, but women are the only ones who can provided all systems were functioning typically.
Regardless of how that particular woman identifies, they are biologically female and, again, "woman" is the common word to refer to that. To say that women must be excluded from our own language surrounding pregnancy – something inherently female and something that has been guided by women since before midwifery was even called such – to please an extremely small minority of people who are unable to acknowledge their biological realities, that's just offensive and has no place in scientific writing.
Gender is a social construct, by which I mean that the concept of gender as we know it is created and reinforced by a society. It changes throughout time and it changes throughout cultures, which shows that any ideas of "innate" gender is illogical. Gender is the idea that women wear dresses, makeup, have long hair, etc. These stereotypes are imposed upon us before we are even born (talking about pregnancy!) and are reinforced by other people and media. There is nothing about being female that makes wearing pink inherently important, but parents will still buy pink baby clothes for a girl and blue for a boy. This later affects brain development, too: the more boys are encouraged to play actively, the more their spatial awareness improves. The more girls are encouraged to play with dolls, the more their emotional intelligence improves. It perpetuates the gendered stereotypes that women are better in social situations and men are better in physical situations. By the age of six, children have ideas about "girl" jobs and "boy" jobs are, and adjust their own expectations and goals depending on this. Girls don't see female doctors as often as they do male doctors, for example, so "doctor" becomes gendered masculine and is not a job for her. This goes both ways: boys see few male nurses, so "nurse" is feminine an
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