Pregnant Examination
🔞 ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻
Pregnant Examination
Call for Additional Assistance
800.223.2273
Pregnancy tests look for a special hormone – human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – that only develops in a woman’s body during pregnancy. These tests can use either your urine or blood to look for hCG. At-home pregnancy tests are inexpensive and commonly used urine tests. When used correctly, home pregnancy tests are very accurate.
US Food and Drug Administration. Pregnancy. (https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-use-tests/pregnancy) Accessed 5/7/2021.
US Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health. Pregnancy tests. (https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests) Accessed 5/7/2021.
Gnoth C, Johnson S. Strips of Hope: Accuracy of Home Pregnancy Tests and New Developments. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119102/) Geburtshilfe Frauenheikd. 2014 July; 74(7): 661-669. Accessed 5/7/2021.
American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Pregnancy Testing Through the Ages. (https://www.aacc.org/cln/cln-industry-insights/2020/pregnancy-testing-through-the-ages) Accessed 5/7/2021.
American Pregnancy Association. Pregnancy Tests. (https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-products-tests/pregnancy-tests) Accessed 5/7/2021.
Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information
Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information
Cleveland Clinic’s Ob/Gyn & Women’s Health Institute is committed to providing world-class care for women of all ages. We offer women's health services, obstetrics and gynecology throughout Northeast Ohio and beyond. Whether patients are referred to us or already have a Cleveland Clinic ob/gyn, we work closely with them to offer treatment recommendations and follow-up care to help you receive the best outcome.
9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 | 800.223.2273 | © 2022 Cleveland Clinic. All Rights Reserved.
A pregnancy test is a way to determine if you’re pregnant by looking at the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your body. From the very beginning of pregnancy, your body starts to go through changes to support growth in the grouping of cells that will develop into your baby. One thing that happens very quickly is production of hCG. This chemical is only found in pregnant women and it starts to build up once the fertilized egg implants in the uterus (womb) — about 10 days after conception.
There are two main types of pregnancy tests — urine tests and blood tests. Often, you’ll take a urine test at home with a home pregnancy test kit. This type of test can be purchased over-the-counter (you don’t need a prescription from your healthcare provider) and is available in a variety of price ranges. Blood tests to check for pregnancy are done in your healthcare provider’s office.
There are several reasons why you might take a pregnancy test. You could be trying to get pregnant and hoping for a positive result. You might have experienced an issue with your birth control . You might even be about to have a medical procedure or start a new medication that could be complicated by pregnancy. No matter what the reason, if you ever have any questions about your test results, the best thing to do is reach out to your healthcare provider. A pregnancy can also be confirmed through an ultrasound. Later in a pregnancy, an ultrasound is actually used to not only look at your baby, but make sure the timeline of development matches the dates of your conception and missed period.
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services.
Policy
When you take a pregnancy test, it’s looking for the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your body. You can find hCG in your urine or blood. However, this chemical needs time to build up in your body, which can cause very early pregnancy tests to come back negative. Each day of early pregnancy, your body will create more hCG. As the weeks go on, you’ll have more and more hCG in your body, which will make it more likely that a pregnancy test will show as positive.
Pregnancy tests work by reacting to the amount of hCG in either your urine or blood. In a urine test, a piece of reactive paper detects the hCG. This might then show a plus sign, double vertical lines or even the word “pregnant.” Different tests will show a positive result in unique ways. Read the directions that come with the test to know what a positive result will look like. On the test, there will also be a control window that will show up first. Seeing a symbol in this window will tell you that the test is working. Keep in mind that different brands of tests will take different amounts of time to process.
If you take a blood test, your provider will take a sample of your blood and send it to a lab. The lab will determine the amount of hCG is in your blood.
There are two main types of pregnancy tests: urine and blood tests. Urine tests are typically done at home — though you can have a urine test done at your healthcare provider’s office — while blood tests are done by your provider.
An at-home test usually uses your urine to look for hCG in your body. According to most manufacturers, at-home pregnancy tests are about 99% effective when used as instructed. That’s about the same accuracy rate as urine pregnancy tests done in your healthcare provider’s office. These tests are available in most pharmacies or grocery stores and they don’t need a prescription. They can take different amounts of time depending on the brand. It’s important to read the instructions on these tests before taking them.
When you go to take an at-home pregnancy test, you’ll typically place one to several drops of urine on a prepared chemical strip or place the strip in the urine stream. The strip is specially-designed to detect hCG. For many of these tests, hCG can be detected in your urine about 10 days after conception. However, taking it after your missed period reduces the chance of getting a false-negative.
There are a few things to keep in mind when you take a home pregnancy tests, including:
Another type of pregnancy test that can be used is a blood test. Blood tests are rarely done because they’re expensive and tend to have the same result as a urine test. This type of pregnancy test is done using a small sample of blood that’s analyzed at a hospital or healthcare provider’s office. This blood test not only detects whether the pregnancy hormone is in your body, but can also determine how much of hormone is present.
A blood test for pregnancy might be done in special circumstances, such as for women who are having infertility treatments or when the healthcare provider thinks there might be a problem.
These blood tests are slightly more sensitive than urine tests because they can detect very small levels of hCG. That means they can provide a more accurate answer very early on in pregnancy — within nine to 12 days after conception. For this test, your blood sample is taken and sent to a lab for analysis. Results might take anywhere from a few hours to more than a day.
Your provider might also choose to use a blood test to compare hCG levels during the pregnancy. Your hCG levels usually double about every two days during the first few weeks of pregnancy. If the levels don’t rise, it might suggest a problem with the pregnancy. Extremely high hCG levels might mean that your carrying twins or that there’s an issue with the pregnancy.
If you think you could be pregnant, it’s a good idea to take a test and make sure. If you are pregnant, you will need to begin prenatal care. Home pregnancy tests can differ in how early they’ll detect a pregnancy. In many cases, you might get a positive from an at-home test as early as 10 days after conception. For a more accurate result, wait until after you’ve missed your period to take a test. Remember, if you take a test too soon it could be negative even if you are pregnant. If you get a negative test and then miss your period, take another test or contact your healthcare provider.
There are quite a few advantages to using a home pregnancy test, including:
According to pregnancy kit manufacturers, most at-home pregnancy tests are 97% to 99% accurate when you use them as instructed. Positive results can be trusted, but you can get a falsely negative result very early in pregnancy.
Blood tests tend to be more expensive and, for many women, the wait for an appointment can be difficult. Home tests allow you to quickly know if you’re pregnant shortly after conception.
Most brands of at-home pregnancy tests are reliable. Although the exact testing method of different pregnancy tests can differ from one type to the other, they all look for hCG in your body. Some tests might do this through urine while others look for the pregnancy hormone in your blood. If you’re using an at-home test, most will give you the same result. The difference with your at-home tests will be the sensitivity of the test. Some might be more sensitive than others and produce a positive result — detect hCG in your urine — sooner than others. For the most accurate reading, it’s still recommended that you wait till you’ve missed your period. At that point, all tests should be accurate.
For the most part, medications do not change your pregnancy test results. Antibiotics, birth control, alcohol and many other drugs do not impact your test results. The main reason for a false-negative is testing too early. You might also get a false-negative if you use a home test incorrectly. It’s important to follow the directions on your test kit to make sure you get an accurate result.
However, fertility drugs are one exception. These medications can sometimes cause a false-positive on your pregnancy test. If you’re taking fertility medications, reach out to your healthcare provider about your results to make sure they are accurate.
If you take a pregnancy test at home and it’s positive, there are a few things you should do, including:
Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 01/26/2021.
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services.
Policy
Obstetric Abdominal Examination – OSCE Guide
Obstetric Abdominal Examination – OSCE Guide
N/A Fix spelling/grammar issue Add or fix a link Add or fix an image Add more detail Improve the quality of the writing Fix a factual error
You don't need to tell us which article this feedback relates to, as we automatically capture that information for you.
This allows us to get in touch for more details if required.
Please write a single word answer in lowercase (this is an anti-spam measure)
This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.
Download the obstetric abdominal examination PDF OSCE checklist , or use our interactive OSCE checklist .
You might also be interested in our OSCE Flashcard Collection which contains over 2000 flashcards that cover clinical examination , procedures , communication skills and data interpretation .
Caesarian section scar (pfannenstiel) 2
Palpate the upper border of the uterus
Uterine location at various stages of pregnancy
Palpate the abdomen to determine fetal lie
Palpate the abdomen to determine fetal lie
Palpate the abdomen to determine fetal lie
Palpate the abdomen to determine fetal lie
Assess the presenting part of the fetus
Palpate the upper border of the pubic symphysis
Measure from the pubic symphysis to the upper border of the uterus
Measure from the pubic symphysis to the upper border of the uterus
Measure from the pubic symphysis to the upper border of the uterus
Palpate the upper border of the uterus
Palpate the upper border of the pubic symphysis
Measure the distance between the two
Listen to the fetal heartbeat using a Pinard stethoscope (or a doppler ultrasound)
Elord. Adapted by Geeky Medics. Melasma. Licence: CC BY-SA .
Azoreg. Adapted by Geeky Medics. Caesarian section scar. Licence: CC BY-SA-3.0 .
James Heilman, MD. Adapted by Geeky Medics. Linea nigra. Licence: CC BY-SA .
FatM1ke. Adapted by Geeky Medics. Striae. Licence: CC BY-SA .
ParentingPatch. Adapted by Geeky Medics. Striae albicans. Licence: CC BY-SA .
We use cookies to improve your experience and provide relevant advertising. By using our website you consent to all cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy.
Read more
Show details
Hide details
A comprehensive collection of clinical examination OSCE guides that include step-by-step images of key steps, video demonstrations and PDF mark schemes.
A comprehensive collection of OSCE guides to common clinical procedures, including step-by-step images of key steps, video demonstrations and PDF mark schemes.
A collection of communication skills guides, for common OSCE scenarios, including history taking and information giving.
A collection of data interpretation guides to help you learn how to interpret various laboratory and radiology investigations.
A comprehensive collection of medical revision notes that cover a broad range of clinical topics.
A collection of surgery revision notes covering key surgical topics.
A collection of anatomy notes covering the key anatomy concepts that medical students need to learn.
A collection of interactive medical and surgical clinical case scenarios to put your diagnostic and management skills to the test. Each clinical case scenario allows you to work through history taking, investigations, diagnosis and management. We also have a collection of 500+ OSCE cases with mark schemes and answers to relevant questions.
A collection of free medical student quizzes to put your medical and surgical knowledge to the test! Check out our brand new medical MCQ quiz platform at https://geekyquiz.com .
To be the first to know about our latest videos, subscribe to our YouTube channel
Obstetric abdominal examination frequently appears in OSCEs and you’ll be expected to pick up the relevant clinical signs using your examination skills. This obstetric abdominal examination OSCE guide provides a clear step-by-step approach to examining the pregnant abdomen, with an included video demonstration.
Gather relevant equipment including:
Wash your hands and don PPE if appropriate.
Introduce yourself to the patient including your name and role .
Confirm the patient’s name and date of birth .
Briefly explain what the examination will involve using patient-friendly language: “Today I need to examine your tummy as part of the assessment of your pregnancy. This will involve me looking and feeling the tummy, in addition to performing some measurements. Although it may be a little uncomfortable, it shouldn’t be painful. If at any point you’d like me to stop then please just let me know.”
Gain consent to proceed with the examination: “Do you understand everything I’ve said? Are you happy for me to carry out the examination?”
Position the patient on the clinical examination couch with the head of the bed at a 30-45° angle for the initial assessment.
Adequately expose the patient’s abdomen for the examination from the pubic symphysis to the xiphisternum (offer a blanket to allow exposure only when required).
Provide the patient with the opportunity to pass urine before the examination.
Ask the patient if they have any pain before proceeding with the clinical examination.
Inspect the patient from the end of the bed whilst at rest, looking for clinical signs suggestive of underlying pathology:
Look for objects or equipment on or around the patient that may provide useful insights into their medical history and current clinical status:
Obstetric cholestasis is a multifactorial condition that is characterised by abnormal liver function tests , jaundice and intense pruritis (typically affecting the palms and soles of the feet). The disease usually presents in the third trimester and is associated with an increased risk of intrauterine death and premature delivery.
The hands can provide lots of clinically relevant information and therefore a focused, structured assessment is essential.
Inspect the hands for relevant clinical signs:
Place the dorsal aspect of your hand onto the patient’s to assess temperature :
Measuring capillary refill time (CRT) in the hands is a useful way of assessing peripheral perfusion :
Palpate the patient’s radial pulse , located at the radial side of the wrist, with the tips of your index and middle fingers aligned longitudinally over the course of the artery.
Once you have located the radial pulse, assess the rate and rhythm .
Inspect the patient’s face for relevant clinical signs :
The recommended positioning for a patient during pregnancy varies, depending on the current gestation:
Expose the abdomen appropriately, from the xiphisternum to the pubic symphysis and inspect for relevant clinical signs:
Aortocaval compression syndrome occurs due to compression of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus when a pregnant woman is supine. Aortocaval compression can result in maternal hypotension , loss of consciousness and in rare cases fetal demise . Women in late pregnancy are positioned in the left lateral position when supine to reduce pressure on the aorta and inferior vena cava.
Ask about abdominal tenderness before palpating the abdomen and continue to monitor the patient’s face for signs of discomfort throughout the examination.
Briefly perform light palpation over each of the nine regions of the abdomen to identify any tenderness or masses that may not relate to the pregnancy (e.g. appendicitis). See the abdominal examination guide for more details.
Palpate the uterus to identify its borders, including the upper and lateral edges.
The uterine fundus can be found at different locations during pregnancy, depending on the patient’s current gestation:
Fetal lie refers to the relationship between the long axis of the fetus with respect to the long axis of the mother .
Assess the gravid uterus to determine the fetal lie :
1. Place your hands on either side of the patient’s uterus (ensuring you are facing the patient).
2. Gently palpate each side of the uterus:
There are three main types of fetal lie which include:
Fetal presentation refers to which anatomical part of the fetus is closest to the pelvic inlet .
Assess the gravid uterus to determine fetal presentation :
1. Ensure you are facing the patient to observe for signs of discomfort and warn the patient this may feel a little uncomfortable.
2. Place your hands either side of the lower pole of the uterus, just above the pubic symphysis.
3. Apply firm pressure to the uterus angled medially, palpating for the presenting part:
In late pregnancy, the level of fetal engagement should be assessed. A fetus is considered ‘engaged’ when more than 50% of the presenting part (usually the head) has descended into the pelvis.
The fetal head is divided into fifths when assessing engagement:
Symphyseal-fundal height is the distance between the fundus and the upper border of the pubic symphysis. After 20 weeks gestation, the symphyseal-fundal height should correlate with the gestational age of the fetus in weeks (+/- 2cm).
To measure the symphyseal-fundal height :
1. Begin palpation of the abdomen just inferior to the xiphisternum using the ulnar border of your left hand.
2. Locate
Casting Ass Young
Porno Hd Anal Young Skinny
Cuckold View