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June 12, 2009 / 2:20 PM
/ CBS News

But these days, says Devereaux, who has worked behind the cameras since testing positive in 1998, her industry has become so aggressive at policing itself that she believes a porn star has less risk of acquiring the AIDS virus than a member of the general public.
"I think because of what happened in 1998 the industry immediately looked at itself and found ways to really, really minimize the risk factors by switching to more foolproof tests and doing it more often," she said.
Adult filmmakers in the U.S. now require that actors prove they have tested negative for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases within 30 days of going to work on a film.

Still, the tests aren't foolproof, as was revealed this week when an actress who had passed an HIV test before making a film tested positive immediately afterward.
That positive result was reported by the Adult Industry Medical Healthcare Foundation . Known in the industry as AIM, the organization tests hundreds of actors each month in the San Fernando Valley, where the U.S. porn industry is headquartered. It grants those who pass certificates allowing them to work.
Although the woman's co-stars have tested negative, they have been quarantined from acting for the time being and advised to be retested in two weeks because medical experts say it takes almost that long for a person to show signs of infection.
That means the woman's case should be a wake-up call to the adult film industry that it isn't doing enough to protect its performers, said Dr. Jonathan Fielding, director of the Los Angeles County Department of Health.
He said the state Division of Occupational Safety and Health requires that safe sex be practiced on all adult movie sets.
"But we have persistent reports that that is not the case," he said, adding his department receives an average of 15 reports a week from the Adult Industry Medical Healthcare Foundation of actors testing positive for other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
4007630"That's obviously very disturbing," Fielding said. "I don't know of any other industry where people are subjected to that kind of risk."
He called for the use of condoms on all adult films as one means of providing necessary worker safety.
After an HIV outbreak in 2004 spread panic through the industry and briefly shut down production at several studios, many producers did indeed begin making condoms a requirement. But they said both actors and audiences quickly rebelled.
"What happened was the talent didn't want to use condoms," said Steven Hirsch, co-Chief Executive of Vivid Entertainment Group, one of the multibillion-dollar industry's largest filmmakers. "They came to us and said repeatedly, 'Could we have choice?' ... As a result, we decided to go condom optional. We're very comfortable with what AIM is doing with the 30-day testing."
Late Thursday, county heath officials released data indicating that there were 16 previously unpublicized confirmed cases of HIV in adult film industry performers since 2004.
That brings the number of known HIV cases in adult performers to 22 since 2004, according to the data requested and reported by The Los Angeles Times.
AIM, founded by former porn star Sharon Mitchell, who left adult movies to earn a doctorate in human sexuality, maintains a computer database that film producers can check to determine that actors have passed their tests. Devereaux said this has reduced the forging of test certificates, something she said was more common during the '90s, a time when tests were required only every 90 days.
The woman who tested positive hasn't been identified by AIM officials, but Fielding said he expected the foundation would turn her name over to county authorities soon and when it did they would counsel her and any of her sexual contacts.
Mark Kernes, senior editor at the Adult Video News media network, said word in the industry is that she is an older woman who only acts occasionally in films targeted to young men's fantasies and thus is believed to have acquired the virus from a non-actor. He, like others, hopes it will spread no further.
Like other businesses, the porn industry has been affected by the recession and the increasing availability of its product for free on the Internet. But it is still an enterprise that Kernes estimates generated $8 billion in revenue last year.
With so much at stake, Hirsch said it makes sense that the industry would do everything it could to police itself.
"People in our industry have sex for a living so they are hypersensitive when it comes to disease," he said. "If they're unable to work they are not making any money."
He considered it significant that there has been only one confirmed case of HIV in the industry in the past five years, a period during which he estimated the business churned out as many as 100,000 films.
"Look," he said, "I wish it would be zero. But it was only one and it was dealt with immediately. I believe it just proves the system works."

First published on June 12, 2009 / 2:20 PM


© 2009 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright ©2022 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Occupational safety and health issue in the sex industry


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^ Rodriguez-Hart, C; Chitale, RA; Rigg, R; Goldstein, BY; Kerndt, PR; Tavrow, P (December 2012). "Sexually transmitted infection testing of adult film performers: is disease being missed?". Sexually Transmitted Diseases . 39 (12): 989–94. doi : 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182716e6e . PMID 23191956 . S2CID 11721333 .

^ Grudzen, CR; Meeker, D; Torres, J; Du, Q; Andersen, RM; Gelberg, L (February 2013). "HIV and STI risk behaviors, knowledge, and testing among female adult film performers as compared to other California women". AIDS and Behavior . 17 (2): 517–22. doi : 10.1007/s10461-011-0090-0 . PMID 22101890 . S2CID 6446061 .

^ Goldstein, BY; Steinberg, JK; Aynalem, G; Kerndt, PR (July 2011). "High Chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence and reinfection among performers in the adult film industry". Sexually Transmitted Diseases . 38 (7): 644–8. doi : 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318214e408 . PMID 21844714 . S2CID 2855793 .

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^ "Powers Shoots HIV-Positive, Hetero Scene" Archived 2010-05-05 at the Wayback Machine , by Mark Kernes, Adult Video News , 2005-08-11. "AVN Reviews: Dirty Debutantes 2005 327 & 328" , Marc Star, Adult Video News . Both retrieved 2007-07-17

^ Jump up to: a b c Lubben, Shelley (September 3, 2013). "STD and HIV Outbreaks in the Porn Industry Since the 1980s" . pornharmsresearch.com (compilation). Morality in Media . Retrieved 10 September 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b Jennings, David (2000). "Chapter 20: AIDS and Other Four-Letter Words" . Skinflicks: The Inside Story of the X-Rated Video Industry . David Jennings. ISBN 978-1-58721-184-3 . Retrieved 10 September 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b Edmonson, Roger (2000). Clone: The Life and Legacy of Al Parker, Gay Superstar . Alyson Books. p. 205. ISBN 978-1555835293 .

^ Jump up to: a b Various (2008). Patrick, John (ed.). Huge . STARbooks. p. 13 . ISBN 978-1-934187-29-6 .

^ Holden, Stephen (12 January 2001). "WADD: The Life and Times of John C. Holmes" . New York Times (movie review).

^ Hawes, William (2009). Caligula and the fight for artistic freedom: the making, marketing and impact of the Bob Guccione film . McFarland . p. 203. ISBN 978-0-7864-3986-7 .

^ Viladevall, Ferrán (16 May 2014). "La mala vida del rey del porno" . El Mundo (Spain) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 4 September 2011 .

^ Basten, Fred; Laurie Holmes; John C. Holmes (1998). Porn King: The John Holmes Story . John Holmes Inc. ISBN 978-1-880047-69-9 .

^ Scheeres, Julia. "The Wonderland Murders" . Turner Entertainment Networks. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007 . Retrieved 20 May 2008 .

^ Jump up to: a b Excalibur's Porn Star Mall. Biography - Marc Wallice Porn Star

^ "Porn Industry Still Struggles With Condom Issue" . ABC News . American Broadcasting Company . Retrieved 2012-02-08 .

^ Staff. "Marc Wallice Closer to Vindication?" . Adult Video News . Retrieved 2 March 2014 .

^ Staff. "Marc Wallice Speaks Out on his Role in the HIV Controversy: "Brooke Ashley Is Off Her Fucking Rocker!" " . Adult Video News . Retrieved 2 March 2014 .

^ Kernes, Mark (2005-08-11). "Powers Shoots HIV-Positive, Hetero Scene" . Adult Video News . Philadelphia, PA: Adult Video News, Inc. ISSN 0883-7090 . OCLC 12197226 . Archived from the original on 2010-05-05 . Retrieved 2012-02-08 .

^ Allen, Jane E. (2010). "Actor's Positive HIV Test Disrupts Filming as Clinic Traces On-Screen Sex Partners" . ABC News . American Broadcasting Company . Retrieved 2012-02-08 .

^ AVN - Test Results Pending for Two Performers Archived 2009-06-18 at the Wayback Machine

^ Jump up to: a b Gene Ross (2007-05-27). "Lara Roxx Timeline Begs Questions: Darren James got it from Lara Roxx, not the other way around?" . Adult FYI. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13.

^ Jump up to: a b "Pyramid of potential infection" . Los Angeles Times . 2004-04-16. Archived from the original on 2009-06-14 . Retrieved 2008-03-20 . Time line of potential first and second generation infections

^ Nick Madigan (2004-05-10). "Voice of Health in a Pornographic World" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2007-02-26 . Sharon Mitchell — Well-behaved women rarely make history

^ Nick Madigan (2004-04-30). "New H.I.V. Infection Found in Sex-Film Industry" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2008-03-20 .

^ Jump up to: a b AVN, May 5th, 2004: Another First-Gen Woman Diagnosed as HIV-Positive Archived 2009-08-21 at the Wayback Machine

^ AVN, April 26th, 2004: Viral Load Results Indicate James was 'Patient Zero' Archived 2012-07-07 at archive.today

^ AIDS in pornography industry of California contained says adult industry body

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^ "Wicked Pictures and Vivid Entertainment Suspend Production as a Precaution Amid New HIV Case in Porn Performer" . Los Angeles Times . October 12, 2010. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010 . Retrieved October 13, 2010 .

^ "Positive HIV Test Halts Porn Shoots at Companies" . Yahoo! News. October 13, 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010 . Retrieved October 15, 2010 .

^ "HIV Tests Negative for Porn Actors Who Performed with 'Patient Zero' " . Los Angeles Times . October 22, 2010. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010 . Retrieved October 23, 2010 .

^ Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (December 8, 2010). "HIV-positive porn performer speaks out" . Los Angeles Times .

^ "Derrick Burts: HIV in pornography: the naked truth" . The Independent . London. December 23, 2010.

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^ "Adult Performer Tests Positive for HIV » The Sex.com Blog" . Sex.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-27 . Retrieved 2013-08-30 .

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^ Abby Sewell (August 24, 2013). "Porn actress' positive HIV test roils adult entertainment world" . The Los Angeles Times . Retrieved August 26, 2013 .

^ Joe Kemp (August 23, 2013). "Porn star Cameron Bay tests positive for HIV" . New York Daily News . Retrieved August 26, 2013 .

^ Sydney Lupkin (August 23, 2013). "Porn Star Cameron Bay Opens Up About HIV Scare" . Nightline ABC News . Retrieved August 26, 2013 .

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Sexually transmitted infections in the pornography industry deals with the occupational safety and health issue in the sex industry of transmission of sexually transmitted infections /diseases (STIs/STDs), especially HIV/AIDS , which became a major cause of concern since the 1980s, especially for pornographic film actors . From 2004 to 2009, 22 HIV cases in the U.S. pornography industry were reported; roughly half were among men who work in gay films , and the other half were men and women working in heterosexual productions. [1]

Because pornographic film making involves unsimulated sex , often without condoms ( barebacking ), pornographic actors are particularly vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases , especially HPV , Zika fever , chlamydia , gonorrhea , syphilis , and HIV/AIDS . [2] [3] [4]

According to former pornographic actress Shelley Lubben , a 1980s outbreak of HIV led to the death of 27 porn stars between 1985 and 1992, including Wade Nichols (who died in 1985), [7] John Holmes (1988), Marc Stevens (1989), and Al Parker (1992). [7] When Nichols died in 1985, [7] his fellow porn star Ron Jeremy denied that Nichols' death was AIDS-related. [8] : 406 Stevens died of AIDS [8] : 405 in 1989, aged 46. [9] Parker died in 1992 from complications of AIDS, aged 40. [9]

In February 1986, Holmes was diagnosed as HIV-positive. Six months previously, he had tested negative. During the summer of 1986, Holmes, knowing his HIV status, agreed to perform in two pornographic films to be filmed in Italy, without informing the producers of his HIV status. Performers in one film, The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empress , were Ilona "Cicciolina" Staller , who later became a member of the Italian parliament, Tracey Adams , Christoph Clark , and Amber Lynn . [10] Performers in the other film, The Devil In Mr. Holmes , were Adams, Lynn, Karin Schubert , and Marina Hedman . [ citation needed ] Subsequently, it was revealed that Holmes had consciously chosen not to reveal his HIV status to his producers or co-stars before engaging in unprotected sex for the filming. [10] [11] [12] [13] As his health failed, Holmes disingenuously attributed his condition to colon cancer and first confided that he had AIDS in January 1987. [14] He died from AIDS-related complications on March 13, 1988, aged 43. [15]

Marc Wallice , a known IV drug user, [16] tested positive for HIV in 1998. On April 30, 1998, he was diagnosed by Adult Industry Medical (AIM) as HIV positive. [17] It was alleged that he had hidden his HIV positive status for two years, with rumors that he accomplished this by using fake blood work through several HIV testing cycles to continue working. [ citation needed ] This speculation has been disputed and investigated using Wallice's tests, [18] [19] but it has not been doubted that during this period Wallice infected seven women on the set: Brooke Ashley, [20] Tricia Devereaux , [21] Caroline, Nena Cherry, Jordan McKnight, Barbara Doll, and Kimberly Jade. [16]

After three years of no reported HIV-issues within the industry, in April 2004, AIM diagnosed Darren James as being HIV-positive. It was concluded that James had been infected while engaging in unprotected anal sex with Brazilian actress Bianca Biaggi during a scene for the video Split That Booty 2 in Rio de Janeiro . [22] [23] [24] AIM initiated an urgent search for other potentially infected performers. [25] It was discovered that three actresses who had worked with James shortly after his return to the United States had also become infected. These were Canadians Lara Roxx and Miss Arroyo, and Czech-born Jessica Dee. [26] [27] [28]

The heterosexual segment of the porn industry voluntarily shut down for 30 days (a 60-day moratorium was originally announced but it was lifted early) while it tried to deal with the situation. [29] Darren James, Jessica Dee,
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