Porec Hydroponics
Porec Hydroponics______________
Наши контакты (Telegram):
>>>НАПИСАТЬ ОПЕРАТОРУ В ТЕЛЕГРАМ (ЖМИ СЮДА)<<<
_______________
ВНИМАНИЕ !!! ВАЖНО !!!
В Телеграм переходить только по ССЫЛКЕ что ВЫШЕ, в поиске НАС НЕТ там только фейки !!!
Чтобы телеграм открылся он у вас должен быть установлен!
_______________
EP0476828A1 - Straw slab hydroponic substrate - Google Patents
Kind code of ref document : A1. Effective date : Kind code of ref document : B1. Ref country code : FR. Payment date : Year of fee payment : Ref document number : Country of ref document : DE. Date of ref document : Ref country code : DE. Ref country code : ES. Ref legal event code : FG2A. Country of ref document : ES. Kind code of ref document : T3. Ref country code : NL. Ref country code : GB. Ref legal event code : ST. Ref legal event code : FD2A. The substrate has a higher biodegradable content than currently used rockwool subtrates but provides equally good growth. This invention relates to a horticultural substrate, and to a method of use thereof in growing plants. In horticulture and agriculture some plants, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet peppers and flower crops, are grown at least initially on substrates rather than directly in soil. Such substrates generally comprise a mass, which may be loose or compacted, of fibrous or particulate matter, which can absorb and retain water or nutrient solution and be well aerated. Various types of such substrates are known. The use of straw in loose bales as a substrate for growing cucumbers is known. To grow cucumbers in this way a standard rectangular straw bale is placed on the floor of a glasshouse, fertiliser is added, the bale is capped with soil into which the cucumber seedlings are planted. The seedlings are regularly supplied with water containing phosphate, potassium and nitrogen sources and during the growing season the straw gradually rots away. Over the last 10 or 12 years the use of straw bales for cucumber production has started to be replaced by the use of rockwool a mineral fibre substrates. Similarly tomatoes, previously traditionally grown in soil, are increasingly being grown in rockwool. Rockwool substrates for these plants generally consist of a slab of rockwool pre-wrapped in a polythene sleeve which is placed on the floor of the glasshouse after covering this with a polythene sheet. This isolates the whole growth system from the soil and a complete hydroponic feed is consequently applied to each plant. Although rockwool is an inert medium with good aeration and water holding properties and the use of rockwool works very well in terms of crop production, there is a major and increasing environmental problem in the disposal of the rockwool at the end of the crop. It is not suitable for incorporation into soil and therefore it has been simply dumped in landfill sites. In contrast vegetable fibres such as straw are biodegradable and hence more environmentally acceptable as well as appealing to the present environmentally conscious marketplace. Moreover straw is a waste product and present restrictions on disposal of stubble by burning may increase the amount of waste straw that becomes available. The use of compressed and bound straw as a horticultural substrate is known, for example JP, JP and JP describe straw-based substrates in the form of blocks of various shapes tightly bound with sleeves or nets of plastics materials. GB A describes a substrate in the form of small briquettes of compressed straw having a mean fibre length of less than mm contained within a plastics bag. Compressed straw is commercially available in the form of slabs formed from compressed unchopped straw and is used for building insulation. It would be highly desirable if this readily available material could be adopted for use as a horticultural substrate, as the use of specially adapted compression equipment, presses etc. The straw is preferably straw which has been grown without the use of chemical sprays, ie. This should be such that when the slab is retaining its maximum capacity of water and is used for the growth of plants it retains its structure for the entire growing season. The degree of compression applied to straw in the production of insulating slabs for buildings has been found to be suitable for this purpose. The slab may incorporate binders provided these are non-toxic, but alternatively structural strength may result simply from compression of the fibres into the slab. It may be desirable to apply some coating to the straw fibres to inhibit decomposition. The source of the straw is not critical, and barley and wheat straws among others may be used, preferably without having been treated with potentially damaging chemical sprays. Uncut straw bales are conveniently used. The slab preferably has at least two substantially parallel faces, more preferably being substantially tetragonal, and if it is this shape then a convenient ratio of length to width to thickness is 1. For use as a substrate for growth of cucumbers a convenient ratio is 15 : 3. A convenient thickness for the slab is mm, for example 60 mm as this is a common thickness for straw building insulating slabs. Conveniently the slab may be formed from a compressed straw slab as made primarily for building insulation by cutting into a suitable shape and size as described above, for example using the largest faces of the slab as the pair of substantially parallel faces of the slab, and cutting the slab into a long tetragonal slab as described above. The cutting direction may be selected so as to achieve the preferred fibre orientation of the invention. Straw slab insulation is often finished with a coating of paper or cardboard and this may be present if the slab is cut from such slabs. This coating appears to provide no advantages, and is preferably not present. The envelope may be made of any conventional water impermeable flexible plastics material but a preferred material is polythene. The envelope preferably completely encloses the slab and may be sealed around the slab by conventional methods such as welding or adhesives. The excess of volume of the envelope over the volume of the slab is intended to accommodate swelling of the slab on wetting and preferably is achieved in the case of a tetragonal slab by the use of an envelope having a width some 1. In an embodiment of the invention which provides a suitable substrate for the growth of cucumber a substantially tetragonal compressed straw slab having dimensions mm x mm x 60 mm is used, contained within a polythene bag mm wide. For tomatoes a slab mm x mm x 60 mm is suitable, contained within a polythene envelope mm wide is suitable. These sizes are traditional in the agricultural industry, based upon plant spacing in the greenhouse and those skilled in the art may device alternatives more suited to particular crops or to commercial use. In use the enveloped substrate is laid on a suitable base with one of the parallel faces adjacent to the base. One or more holes are cut in the envelope adjacent to and exposing the upper parallel face of the slab. These holes are of a suitable size to receive seeds or plants in growth containers or shaped media eg. Each hole should not be much larger than the corresponding cross section of the container or media it is to receive, to minimise evaporation of water. Alternatively the slabs may be prewetted, and thus expanded. At a suitable time after planting holes may be made in the underside of the envelope to allow excess feed solution to drain away if so required. Initial growth of the plants in soil in the containers or the rockwool block is followed by the spread of roots into the slab. Thereafter the plants or vegetable products thereof, such as cucumbers or tomatoes, may be harvested in a conventional way. As well as cucumbers and tomatoes other plants eg sweet peppers and flower crops may be grown in this way. Thus the present invention provides a method of growing plants comprising the steps of:. The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings. These show:. Fig 1, an overall perspective view of a tetragonal compressed straw slab. Fig 2, a part cut away perspective view of the slab of Fig 1 enclosed in a plastic envelope. Fig 3, a part sectioned view showing plants being grown using the substrate of the invention. Referring to Fig 1, a tetragonal slab of compressed 'organic' straw 1 has a long length dimension, a relatively narrow width dimension, and a smaller still thickness. A major proportion of the straw fibres 2 are aligned substantially parallel to the length of the slab. The upper and lower faces of the slab 1 are substantially parallel. The slab 1 has been cut from a commercially available compressed straw insulating slab and as a consequence on the upper and lower faces of the slab 1 there is a residual layer of paper 3, 4 , the thickness of which is exaggerated in Fig 1. Referring to Fig 2, the slab 1 of Fig 1 is wholly enclosed within an envelope 5 of polythene, in the form of a sleeve. The ends 6, 6A of the envelope 5 have been sealed by hot welding. The dimension of the sleeve 5 in the direction of the width of the slab 1 is about twice the width of the slab 1. Referring to Fig 3, the slab plus enclosing envelope 1 - 6 20 of Fig 1 is shown 7 resting upon the floor 8 of a greenhouse. Holes 9 have been cut in the upper part of the envelope 5. These holes 9 are of a suitable size to receive plastic containers 10 having holes not shown in their bottom face, and containing soil The containers are 10 simply resting upon the upper paper layer 3. The gap between the edges of the holes 9 and the side walls of the containers 10 is as small as possible. Tomato plants 12 are shown growing on the slab 1. These were initially planted as seedlings. Upon watering of the containers 10 using a conventional hydroponic feed not shown the containers 10 are wetted and excess feed soaks through and out of the holes not shown in the bottom faces of containers 10 to wet the slab 1 which swells and loosens as a result. Watering also promotes growth of the seedlings to form plants 12 and the extension of roots 13 into the slab 1. Excess hydroponic feed drains out of slits 14 which have been cut in the underside of the envelope 5 about days after planting the seedlings. In an alternative method the seedlings are provided as propagated in a 0. The open bottom surface is placed directly onto to an exposed top surface of the prewetted or dry substrate block ; again the substrate exposure being through a similarly sized hole in the substrate envelope, and hydroponic solution is fed to it. It should be noted that in each case a hydroponic feed solution is used which includes all necessary trace elements that are not available from the straw itself. In this respect the present method differs entirely from previous use of uncompressed straw described above, where such elements were provided by soil placed on top of the straw bales. In all cases the paper or cardboard coating may optionally be removed at the point where the container or block is to be placed to facilitate rapid entry of roots into the straw. The substrate of the present invention is found to support levels of plant growth which are equal to those obtained with conventional rockwool substrates. A growth substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the slab has at least two substantially parallel faces. A growth substrate as claimed in claim 5 wherein the slab is substantially tetragonal. A growth substrate as claimed in claim 5 wherein the ratio length : width : thickness of the slab is : 1. A growth substrate as claimed in claim 5 wherein said slab is formed from a compressed straw slab made primarily for building insulation. A plant growth substrate according to any one of claims 5 to 9 wherein the envelope has a width 1. A plant growth substrate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying figures. A method of growing plants wherein the plants are caused to take root in a substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 and then supplied with hydroponic feed solution. A method of growing plants as claimed in claim 12 comprising the steps of: a making a hole in the substrate plastics envelope;. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the straw slab is prewetted to an expanded form. A method as claimed in claim 13 or 14 wherein the seedling plant or plant seed is of cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper or a flower crop. A method as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15 wherein the propagation medium comprises soil and this is held within a container having openings in its bottom surface for allowing root growth into the straw slab. A method as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15 wherein the propagation medium comprises rockwool and this is provided as a rockwool block wrapped in polythene which does not cover the block top and bottom surfaces. A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 17 wherein slits are cut in the bottom of the plastics material envelope after 7 to 10 days to allow drainage of excess hydroponic feed. EPB1 en. DET2 en. EST3 en. GBD0 en. WOA1 en. DEU1 en. Thermal or sound insulation for buildings - consists of straw mats which are spiked and plastered to wall. Soil-free culture substrate of superabsorbent particles, and process for manufacturing the same. USB2 en. DED1 en. Modern potting composts: a manual on the preparation and use of growing media for pot plants. USA en. Mathers et al. CAC en. JPHY2 en. Riviere et al. USB1 en. RUC1 en. Party data changed applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred. Ref country code : FR Payment date : Year of fee payment : Ref country code : DE Payment date : Year of fee payment : Ref country code : ES Payment date : Year of fee payment : Ref country code : NL Payment date : Year of fee payment : Lapsed in a contracting state \\\\\\\\\[announced via postgrant information from national office to epo\\\\\\\\\]. Ref country code : GB Effective date : Ref country code : NL Effective date : Ref country code : FR Effective date : Ref country code : DE Effective date :
Купить экстази (МДМА) закладкой Закинтос