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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding author: Karl Peltzer, kpeltzer hsrc. Illicit drug use is a growing public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of drug use and the sociodemographic and health characteristics that influence it among young and adult South Africans. Data based on the South African national population-based survey in for 26 individuals Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between sociodemographic factors, health variables and any past 3-month drug use. Overall, any past 3-month drug use was 4. The proportion of past 3-month cannabis use was 4. Among the nine South African provinces, any past 3-month drug use was the highest in the Western Cape 7. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among both men and women, younger age, being mixed race and hazardous or harmful alcohol use were associated with any past 3-month drug use. In addition, having been a victim of violent crime and sexual risk behaviour among men and having psychological distress among women were associated with any past 3-month drug use. An increase of any past 3-month drug use from 3. Prevention and intervention activities targeting drug use, in particular in identified risk groups, need to be strengthened in South Africa. The estimated global prevalence of illicit drug use including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, etc. In a US population-based survey conducted among individuals aged 12 years and older in , past 1-month any illicit drug use was Previous investigations in South Africa and other countries found that specific sociodemographic factors were associated with drug use, including male gender, 5 , 6 younger age, 5 specific population groups mixed race and white people , 5 , 6 lower income or not employed 5 and geolocality such as urban areas. In order to update planning on drug use programming, more recent national population-based prevalence data on illicit drug use among adolescents and adults in South Africa are needed. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to make more recent estimates on the frequency and type of drug use among women and men 15 years and older available using a nationally representative household survey in All individuals within a household were eligible to participate. Trained and supervised field workers interview-administered a questionnaire. Informed consent was attained prior to the conduct of the interview. The detailed survey methods are described elsewhere. Any drug use in the past 3 months was coded as 1 and never as 0. All items were added together to indicate the prevalence of any illicit drug use in the past 3 months. Demographic measures included age, educational level, race African black people or other races , geolocality, province and employment status. These scores were added up, with higher total scores indicating higher psychological distress. Sexual risk behaviour was assessed with two questions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise drug use prevalence, sociodemographic factors and health variables. Associations between the outcome variable of any past 3-month drug use cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens or opiates including Whoonga , sociodemographic and health risk-independent variables were examined by calculating odds ratios. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was utilised to assess the impact of explanatory variables for the outcome of past 3-month drug use prevalence, for women and men separately. In the article, weighted percentages are presented. All statistical analyses were performed by using Stata software version 12 Stata Corp. This analysis is based on data on individuals aged 15 years and older who participated in the survey. Response rates for the interview was More than half of the participants A large proportion of the participants Overall, the past 3-month of any drug use was 4. The proportion of the past 3-month cannabis use was 4. The prevalence of past 3-month drug by injection was 0. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among men, younger age, being mixed race, not living in a rural informal area, hazardous or harmful alcohol use, having been victim of a violent crime and having two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months were associated with any past 3-month drug use. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among women, younger age, being white people or of mixed race, not unemployed looking for job , psychological distress and hazardous or harmful alcohol use were associated with any past 3-month drug use see Table 2. In this very large national population-based study of among individuals 15 years or older found that any past 3-month drug use was 4. This seems to show that the increase in any drug use is mainly attributed to an increase in cannabis use and a decrease in poly drug use two or more drugs from 0. The increase in the prevalence of cannabis use may be attributed to lower costs and better accessibility than the other drugs. One review 18 indicates a global increase in substance use, including illicit drug use, in particular among young people, emphasising the importance of interventions. The use of Whoonga does not seem to be insignificant. In a qualitative study:. The use of amphetamine-type stimulants including tik and others had been as high as 2. As found in previous studies, 5 , 6 , 7 , 22 including in South Africa, the prevalence of drug use was significantly higher among men than women. Further, in agreement with some previous studies, 5 , 6 this study found that younger age and being from the mixed race population group were associated with drug use. Unemployment was among men in bivariate analysis associated with drug use, as found in some previous studies. In agreement with previous reviews, 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 this study found that hazardous or harmful or probable dependent alcohol use among both men and women, having had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months among men, having been victim of violent crime among men and psychological distress anxiety and depression among women were associated with drug use. Drug use prevention and intervention have to include co-morbidity factors such as common mental disorders, alcohol use disorders and sexual risk behaviour. This study was cross-sectional and no causative conclusions between independent variables and drug use can be drawn. The data on drug use were collected by self-report and may underreport the true consumption rate. Possible reasons for this may be that alcohol and tobacco use were not assessed as part of the ASSIST and an additional item Whoonga use had been added. An increase of any illicit drug use prevalence rates was observed from to in South Africa. Prevention and intervention activities targeting illicit drug use, in particular in identified risk groups, need to be strengthened in South Africa. The work used data from the Human Sciences Research Council. Version 1. The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article. All authors read and approved the final article. Drug use among youth and adults in a population-based survey in South Africa. S Afr J Psychiat. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. S Afr J Psychiatr. Find articles by Karl Peltzer. Find articles by Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya. Received Jun 5; Accepted Sep 12; Collection date Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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Polokwane buying hash

Resource Library. The Four Platforms. Responsible Adult Use. Health Uses. Industrial Use. Traditional, Religious and Cultural Uses. History of Cannabis Prohibition Timeline. International Allies. This article about opening a Cannabis retail store was originally published on 16 Oct and was updated on 16 June It is nearly two years after the Constitutional Court decriminalised the possession, cultivation and consumption of Cannabis in private. When we left the courtroom on 18 September , we thought that by now, there would be clearer guidelines on the role of Cannabis in the commercial sector. Various types of Cannabis Retails Stores have been popping up and we still receive questions about it almost every day. Although our Full Spectrum Model in our Manifesto tries to attain equal rights and access to Cannabis for ALL, the reality is still that there is no legal way to open a Cannabis retail store. Charl Henning, our Stop The Cops project manager, explains in this article why this is not possible. We have very clear answers in our FAQ. By now, most of us in South Africa are aware of the 18 September Cannabis privacy judgement. This the Court cannot do. Dealing in Cannabis is a serious problem in this country and the prohibition of dealing in Cannabis is a justifiable limitation of the right to privacy. I will, therefore, not confirm that part of the order of the High Court because we have no intention of decriminalising dealing in Cannabis. The judgement is not all moonlight and roses. The Constitutional Court is not mandated to deal with the issues that are so close to our hearts as civil society — everything from best practice in drug policy to sustainable development is yet to be dealt with by parliament and the legislature. This does NOT mean we can trade, it means that trade dealing cannot be assumed because of quantity. We can therefore grow as much as we wan t, as long as we do not sell it. They cannot sell Cannabis, only CBD and this is like selling grape juice instead of wine. Due to non-existent regulation, the majority of CBD products on sale legally in South Africa may not contain what it says on the label and products are also not allowed to make any medical claims. So how do I sell Cannabis? The short of it is that you cannot open a Cannabis retail store in South Africa. We need to wrap our minds around this, and think carefully now: Our human right to provide a plant to those that cannot acquire it through growing it has been violated. The reality is that prohibition kills, and the government has blood on its hands. We should be upset by this! What can we do next? We believe that good people disobey bad laws so civil disobedience comes into play. We can act within the limitations set by the privacy judgement and our best bet right now is to use this constitutional right in the safest possible way. The best form of principled non-compliance is to look at the Dagga Private Club idea. This is MUCH less risky, both financially and in terms of the cops rocking up at your door, than opening a Pick n Blaze next to the nearest Clicks. The Traditional Healers Act of clearly excludes Cannabis from traditional medicine. Currently we have no legislation or policy in place to allow South Africa to trade in Cannabis. However some beg to differ and they are still doing so even while being submerged in hot water. Look no further than the Canapax franchise scheme that is all over the news. We know this because our associate attorneys are helping them. Ideally, Cannabis and the police should be kept as far away from each other as possible. This is a vital part of cleansing our society of the dogma, stigma and superstition created by years of Cannabis prohibition. We know that we do not live in an ideal world but Fields of Green for ALL will do all that we can to stop the ongoing arrests. So why are there Cannabis retail stores trading in South Africa if there are no official policy to allow it? Take your pick. Is it just a matter of days until the Hawks fly past? Join this ongoing conversation at The Green Network for only R49pm donation! So my question is, how are they operating? HI There, So this is pretty loaded. Short answer is there is no licence to trade in SA it is illegal. Section 21 is for unregistered medicines and was never designed for cannabis. Its been around for over 21 years and is for those who cannot get certain medications in SA stem cell, Chemo etc This is to be done with your registered doctor and applied through Saphra and is valid for 6 monthly only. Your doctor will then prescribe your cannabis medicine which is then imported we dont have local registred cannabis meds yet and dispensed by a registered pharmacist. However we do have ignorant cops who dont know any better. This system is being abused. A section 21 is patient specific as well I have seen a few places using there sect 21 paper as a guize to trade Again cops just dont know any better. Hi there, I want to start creating CBD gummies to sell on a retail platform but I need them moulded according to what I would like. Where do I find businesses that offer these services? I would like assistance relating to cbd products and how to go about selling online or retail. I belong to a professional body that regulates my scope of practice. Trade in THC is stll considered illegal. Hi Sidwell. Please see the question about lisenses in our FAQ. We are fighting for a regulative model that does not require lisensing of any kind. We must have legal trade and for this the last apartheid law drugs and drug trafficking act needs to fall. Its not cus u BLACK its hard in general not because of ur skin colour the ppl readin n the ppl who get to deside if u approve ur license r black so how does it become a thing. It is an outdoor plant that I started in my greenhouse and it started to outgrow the ghouse. I successfully transplanted it into very fertile ground and took off like a rocket. I suspect it will have round about g to 1kg of weed buds. Hello There, Unfortuantly Trade is illegal still. Our best advice would be to gift it to your friends or cure it nicely with bovedas for the upcoming months for your personal smoke. Trade in Dagga is still illegal according to the Drugs act. There is no such thing as a license to trade. Sahpra licenses require a massive investment and does not give permission to trade. You cannot sell any Cannabis in this way except for imported CBD and hemp. Despite seeing others risk it, I would advise you rather start an edible Cannabis Club. See our FAQ for details. Current Private clubs are working within a grey area. We have a fe blogs available on the wesite. You can use the search button. We have a few blogs available on the website. I read a news article that more states in the USA is legalizing cannabis for personal use and medical patients alike. I think the license model is not as bad as it seems. In taxing the sale of cannabis schools could be built and the medical institutions and other areas could benefit from this money. I do think that this is the way to go for the cannabis community to give back to their community. The problem with licences is that it gives some permission while others are denied. Cannabis is safe and does not require this type of regulation. We do NOT support licensing as a way forward. The reasons for this is made very clear in various articles and blogposts that we have published on the subject. So if I have a restaurant. And I sell a steak. And offer n Free Thc infused garlic butter from my own private stock that you can put on the steak. Is that illegal? Technically, yes, it is illegal. You could risk it but it is the oldest trick in the book! I would like to open up a retail store. Please can you provide me with some advise on how i can go about getting a license. Is there any legal remifications, license or regulation that I will face if I open a CBD based edibles shop. Other then the health department regulations on HSE? Hi There, Thank you for your comment. If you are purely doing CDB and using good business practices you should be fine. Trade in any THC is illegal. Check out our blogs for more info! What if I open a coffee shop and give some free weed with every cup of coffee sold. Basically I will sell you coffee and instead of giving you a shortbread biscuit you can get a bankie of weed. I want to start a Cannabis business, how do I apply for a license to sell it and to make products from it? Currently the sale of cannabis is illegal in South Africa. Really a great piece of information on opening a cannabis retail store in South Africa. It was a great read. What does this mean with the new State of the nation address and the president now issuing license to grow and sell Mariana in and around South Africa. Great read. All products should have a batch number and the certificate of analysis for that batch must be readily available. Hi Everyone, thank you for an interesting blog. I would never buy medical cannabis from anyone or any company unless they can show me a certificate of analysis. How can you treat any illness if you do not know what is in your medicine. Know the Cbd to Thc and you need to know the terpenes. I grow my own, each of my plants different strains the flowers and the oil concentrate gets sent away for analysis. I know everything about each of my plants. Cannabis is here to heal us. Love and respect your plants. As a hypothetical, what impact do you think it would have on the entire system if someone just made weed available free of charge? With some checks for age etc. So no exchange of money at all, not even for some imaginary club. Just free weed; considering the yield of just one plant is sometimes more than enough for an individual. Or even just seeds, since they contain no THC. Not everyone likes weed, and science has shown that when it becomes legit widely available without risk , public use does not fluctuate that much. In fact, studies have shown that teen use dropped in legal states. Cannabis does not make you lose control over your intake like alcohol does. Hey Charl Thanks for the article, was very insightful. Especially if you are a registered Alternative Medicine Practitioner. You cannot sell anything with active THC levels in a shop yet. Not even if you are a traditional healer, but as long as you have no THC products, you should be safe and within the law. There are many shops that sell everything surrounding dagga, except for THC containing products. Great article, Charl. You are right, principled non compliance is the way to go. Thanks for the snot klap wake up call. I chat to random people every day about cannabis decriminalization etc, and the misconceptions out there, are crazy and unbelievable. I wish everyone would read these blogposts and your docs, to get up to speed before spouting nonsense! Thanks for setting things straight and well done to the people who carry on regardless. They are brave.. Battles have been won, but the war is far, far from over. Maybe I missed it, but have you mentioned to your members that the CBD content in any cannabis product should be verified scientifically? I see a lot of advertising for various cannabis products but have not seen a certificate of analysis by a recognized laboratory confirming CBD and no THC content. Please correct me if I am wrong, but since none of the cannabis products in our market have been registered by SAHPRA, consumers only have the claims of the various manufacturers to go by. If your GP prescribes a product for pain you have peace of mind that the factory where the product comes from has to comply to stringent regulations of manufacture. I recently spoke to a representative of a brand that sells CBD oil and I had the same query with regards to the evidence to back-up the claims that is made on the label of the product and I was told that companies do not reveal their certificate of analysis to the public, however these documents are kept at their head office and if anyone would like to review these documents they would have to go to the head office. So I was told. Sounds very defensive if you ask me. Sounds sketchy hey. Cannabis medicine does not work like chemical medicine. Different strains work for different conditions and different people. In future there will be two types of Cannabis medicine. A boxed one with a strict list of cannabinoids and conditions it can be used for, and free organic flowers that you can try to see if it suits your needs. The responsibility lies with the government. Vape deaths are the fault of absent regulations and restrictions due to prohibition, nothing else. Is it possible to open a restaurant that sells cbd foods but only for club members would this menu be available? What is required in order to sell cbd as a valid product. Not an easy question to answer as there are too many grey areas in the law. Plus, a restaurant selling cbd foods would never make any money, you might as well sell water at the present time as each dose is only allowed to be 20mg. Dont burst our green bubble, I know its sound advice and legally correct. I am a blind believer. Almost want to setup my own shop, but I got high. Hats off to these outlaws spinning stories, paying bribes and serving customers cannabis. There are atleast 50 retails shops selling THC, give it horns. Your coupon code will be emailed to you after submitting your details. Please ensure you supply a proof of payment to jo fieldsofgreenforall. You are viewing our nearly launched site. Please note that you may experience some errors, if you do please let us know. Login Login. Search Close this search box. Day 4. About Close About Open About. About Us. Our Team. Affiliate Companies. Local Organizations. Contact Us. Previous Next. It is clear that any trade in Cannabis in South Africa remains prohibited. About the Author: Charl Henning. Reagan August 31, at pm - Reply. Ami September 9, at am - Reply. Lyndsay June 13, at pm - Reply. A Alli April 24, at pm - Reply. Charl Henning April 25, at pm - Reply. Kim April 3, at pm - Reply. Ami April 8, at pm - Reply. Sidwell Molebatsi May 4, at pm - Reply. Charl Henning May 8, at am - Reply. Jay March 23, at am - Reply. Pieter April 5, at pm - Reply. Ami April 19, at pm - Reply. Muzi November 9, at am - Reply. Charl Henning November 17, at am - Reply. Thalitha Meyers January 8, at pm - Reply. Hi I want to open an edible shop that sells cookies and sweets how do I apply for it. Charl Henning January 9, at pm - Reply. Frans October 30, at am - Reply. A cannabis coffee shop with a menu cupckes space cakes etc. Vusi Innocent Mofokeng September 27, at am - Reply. Nkosi December 31, at pm - Reply. Hi please assist me with how to legally open a cannabis store in Limpopo Phalaborwa. Ami January 5, at pm - Reply. Ndivhuwo July 13, at pm - Reply. Hello if I wanna open a smoking zone for weed is it allowed? And if yes what. I supposed to do. Leela Baer July 26, at pm. Rennie Le Grange September 6, at pm - Reply. Good day l would like to open a cannabis store in Sunninghill Johannesburg. Wayne September 5, at pm - Reply. Hi Please assist me with how to legally open a cannabis health store in Durban. Omphile December 22, at pm - Reply. Hi Please assist me with how to legally open a cannabis health store in Vryburg North West. Mpho Rapetswa July 15, at pm - Reply. Hi There, I am looking to open a cannabis store in Pretoria. Sinoxolo May 15, at pm - Reply. Mr Bezos February 4, at pm - Reply. I want to open a cannabis retail store in South Africa. Pieter January 6, at pm - Reply. Charl Henning January 10, at am - Reply. Francois Swart December 8, at am - Reply. Myrtle Clarke December 9, at am - Reply. Kerisha July 19, at pm - Reply. Good Day I would like to open up a retail store. Myrtle Clarke August 26, at am - Reply. Doesn t look like you read the article all the way to the end! Corry January 1, at pm - Reply. Kevin October 20, at pm - Reply. Please help me understand how the Cafe in JHB are operating? Charl Henning October 21, at pm - Reply. Renier August 19, at pm - Reply. Charl Henning August 21, at pm - Reply. Zane May 14, at am - Reply. Hi I want to start a Cannabis business, how do I apply for a license to sell it and to make products from it? Charl Henning May 15, at pm - Reply. Myrtle Clarke May 20, at pm - Reply. Retail Management March 24, at pm - Reply. Charl Henning March 24, at pm - Reply. Unity SA February 16, at pm - Reply. Myrtle Clarke February 17, at pm - Reply. The State of the Nation address said nothing about issuing licenses. Ravi Govender January 12, at pm - Reply. Hi Everyone, Great read. Sonia Jacka October 29, at am - Reply. William Chapman October 24, at pm - Reply. Just for interest sake How many plants are you allowed on your private property. William October 25, at am - Reply. Charles October 22, at pm - Reply. The private club route is a potential. Charl Henning October 23, at am - Reply. Charne October 20, at am - Reply. Charl Henning October 21, at am - Reply. Mlou October 18, at am - Reply. Charl Henning October 18, at am - Reply. Hannes October 17, at pm - Reply. Surely you would want your members to be given the same respect? Hi Hannes I recently spoke to a representative of a brand that sells CBD oil and I had the same query with regards to the evidence to back-up the claims that is made on the label of the product and I was told that companies do not reveal their certificate of analysis to the public, however these documents are kept at their head office and if anyone would like to review these documents they would have to go to the head office. Hannes Cannabis medicine does not work like chemical medicine. Istvan Adams August 3, at pm - Reply. Chris October 17, at pm - Reply. William October 17, at am - Reply. Leave A Comment Cancel reply Comment. Leave this field empty. Sign me up for the newsletter! We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 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Polokwane buying hash