Php Protected Private
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Php Protected Private
What is the difference between public, private, and protected in PHP?
Difficulty Level :
Hard
Last Updated :
15 Oct, 2018
public $tag_line = "A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!" ;
echo $this ->tag_line. "" ;
// A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!
// A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!
// A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!
echo $sum = $this ->x- $this ->y . "" ;
function mul() //Multiply Function
echo $sub = $this ->x* $this ->y;
private $name = "A Computer Science Portal for Geeks!" ;
echo "This is private method of base class" ;
// Uncaught Error: Call to private method demo::show()
protected $protected = 'Protected' ;
private $private = 'Private' ;
echo $this -> protected ;
echo $obj -> protected ; // Cannot access protected property
echo $obj -> private ; // Cannot access private property
$obj ->Display(); //Displays all properties
public $public = 'Public Sub Class' ;
protected $protected = 'Protected Sub Class' ;
echo $this -> protected ;
echo $obj2 -> protected ; // Cannot access protected property
echo $obj2 -> private ; // Cannot access priavte property
$obj2 ->Display(); //Displays all properties
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Public, private and protected are called access modifiers. Just like C++, PHP also have three access modifiers such as public, private and protected. The visibility of a property, a method or a constant can be defined by prefixing the declaration with these keywords.
Public Access modifier: This modifier is open to use inside as well as outside the class.
Example:
link
brightness_4
code
Protected Access modifier: This modifier is open to use within the class in which it is defined and its parent or inherited classes.
link
brightness_4
code
Private Access modifier: This modifier is open to use within the class that defines it. ( it can’t be accessed outside the class means in inherited class).
link
brightness_4
code
link
brightness_4
code
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php - What is the difference between public, private , and protected ?
What is the difference between public, private , and protected in PHP ?
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Keywords are basically a set of special words that are reserved in every programming language for a specific purpose. They can be either commands or parameters and they cannot be used for common use like variable names. Protected in PHP are predefined in all languages including PHP and also called reserved names.
There are 5 kinds of access modifiers in PHP:
We shall concentrate on only protected access modifiers in this article. Apart from variables, protected keywords are also used for declaring methods/functions and properties as protected. Unless specified explicitly, all the variables and methods will be public by default. The protected variable decreases the visibility of the respective variable or method because its access is restricted to the class in which it is declared. Protected access modifiers cannot be applied for classes.
However, they can be called by a subclass which is inherited from its parent class. Hence one can declare the required method or a variable as protected by prefixing it with a “protected” keyword.
= value;
//declaration of protected property
protected $proc = 'protected property';
//declaration of protected function
protected function function_name(){
//PHP code goes here
}
?>
Here we can see that using protected keyword we are declaring both variable and function names.
Working of protected modifiers in PHP: Like the private access modifier, we can also use protected for restricting the usage and accessing of class functions and variables outside of the class. But one exception of protected from private variables is that they can be accessed through inheritance from its parent class in a subclass.
Let us understand the usage and working of protected modifier in detail by taking a simple example below:
a/$this->b;
echo "\n";
}
protected function multiply()
{
echo $mul=$this->a*$this->b;
echo "\n";
}
}
// Declaration of child class addn inherited from above class
class addn extends Math {
// Declaration of addition function
function addition()
{
echo $division=$this->a+$this->b;
}
}
$obj= new addn;
$obj->division();
$obj->addition();
$obj->multiply();
?>
After commenting on line 29 which is trying to call the protected method
In the above example, we are showcasing the different mathematical operations like addition, division, and multiplication. First, we are declaring division() function without any access modifier. Hence by default, it is public and the division value we are performing on both variables a and b are displayed in the output when we call the function by creating its object. But when we try to call the protected function multiply() we get the error inline 34 saying that protected method cannot be called.
Whereas we can call and get the value of a protected method via inheritance as shown. Here the child class and is inherited from parent class Math and hence we are able to call the protected variables a and b without any error.
getDescription($this->animal);
}
}
// Creating an object of class Animal
$animal = new Animal();
// Creating an object of subclass Dog
$dog = new Dog();
/*
Trying to access protected variables and methods
*/
echo $animal->animal; // Cannot be accessed
$animal->getDescription("Dog"); // Cannot be accessed
echo $dog->animal; // Cannot be accessed
/*
We can call getDogDescription method,
in which we are calling a protected method
of Animal class
*/
$dog->getDogDescription();
?>
In this example, we are first declaring the main parent class Animal and initializing a protected variable as $animal which is an array containing names of 3 different animals. Next, we are also declaring a protected function in which we are giving a unique description to each of the animals in the array.
Since protected variables can be accessed using subclass, we are here creating another subclass Dog from the parent class Animal. Also to showcase that public functions can be accessed anywhere, we declare a public function to output variable dog’s description.
Next, we create an object of both classes Animal and Dog and try to access their variables which are protected. Hence for lines 40, 41 and 42, we get a fatal error telling that protected properties/methods/variables cannot be accessed. Hence we cannot access any variables outside of class Animal since all are protected.
Hence protected variables are those access modifiers that are used for controlling specifically defined variables or methods or properties in a class. It needs to be explicitly specified by prefixing and hence can be accessed only within its declared package and by a subclass that inherits from the parent package.
This is a guide to Protected in PHP. Here we discuss the Introduction, Example of a Protected Variable and Method and Importance of Protected in PHP. You can also go through our other suggested articles to learn more–
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