Petra C Porn

Petra C Porn
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This article is about the ancient Jordanian city of Petra. For other uses, see Petra (disambiguation) .
From top left to right: the Urn Tombs, en-Nejr theatre, Al-Khazneh (Treasury), Qasr al-Bint temple and view of Ad Deir (Monastery) trail.
Location of Petra 𐢛𐢚𐢓𐢈 ‎ in Jordan
Further information: Nabataean religion

^ "Management of Petra" . Petra National Trust. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 .

^ Browning, Iain (1973, 1982), Petra , Chatto & Windus, London, p. 15, ISBN 0-7011-2622-1

^ Stephan G. Schmid and Michel Mouton (2013). Men on the Rocks: The Formation of Nabataean Petra . ISBN 9783832533137 . Archived from the original on 18 March 2020 . Retrieved 14 November 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b Shaddel, Mehdy (2017-10-01). "Studia Onomastica Coranica: AL-Raqīm, Caput Nabataeae*" . Journal of Semitic Studies . 62 (2): 303–318. doi : 10.1093/jss/fgx022 . ISSN 0022-4480 . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Cooke, George Albert (1911). " Petra ". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–310.

^ Jump up to: a b c d "A Short History" . Petra National Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017 . Retrieved 13 February 2014 .

^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Jane (2001). Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans . London: I.B.Tauris . pp. 14, 17, 30, 31. ISBN 9781860645082 . Archived from the original on 3 July 2019 . Retrieved 8 July 2016 .

^ Mati Milstein. "Petra. The "Lost City" still has secrets to reveal: Thousands of years ago, the now-abandoned city of Petra was thriving" . National Geographic . Archived from the original on 20 December 2019 . Retrieved 27 December 2019 .

^ Jack D. Elliott Jr. (1996). Joe D. Seger (ed.). The Nabatean Synthesis of Avraham Negev: A Critical Appraisal . Retrieving the Past: Essays on Archaeological Research and Methodology in Honor of Gus W. Van Beek . Eisenbrauns. p. 56. ISBN 9781575060125 . Archived from the original on 14 June 2020 . Retrieved 27 December 2019 .

^ "Petra Lost and Found" . National Geographic . 2 January 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018 . Retrieved 8 April 2018 .

^ "Petra lost and found" . History Magazine . 2018-02-09 . Retrieved 2021-01-15 .

^ Glueck, Grace (17 October 2003). "ART REVIEW; Rose-Red City Carved From the Rock" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 28 December 2017 . Retrieved 29 January 2018 .

^ "Major Attractions: Petra" . Jordan Tourism Board. Archived from the original on 2016-11-04.

^ "UNESCO advisory body evaluation" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-13 . Retrieved 2011-12-05 .

^ " "Lost City" of Petra Still Has Secrets to Reveal" . Science . 2017-01-26 . Retrieved 2021-01-15 .

^ "Rose-red city of Petra wraps up 2019 with record-breaking 1,135,300 visitors" . The Jordan Times . 6 January 2020. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020 . Retrieved 6 January 2020 .

^ "Petra sees highest visitor numbers since pandemic outbreak" . The Jordan Times . 2 December 2021 . Retrieved 11 December 2021 .

^ "Petra: Water Works" . Nabataea.net. Archived from the original on 2011-11-26 . Retrieved 2011-12-05 .

^ Lisa Pinsker (2001-09-11). "Geotimes – June 2014– Petra: An Eroding Ancient City" . Agiweb.org. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31 . Retrieved 2011-12-05 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Robert Fulford's column about Petra, Jordan" . Robertfulford.com. 1997-06-18. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved 2014-02-06 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "Petra: Rock-cut façades (article)" . Khan Academy . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ "Alexandria | History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Theatre | Jordan Attractions" . Lonely Planet . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ Bachmann, W., Watzinger, C. Wiegand, T. (1921). Petra, vol 3. Wissenschaftliche Vero¨ffentlichungen des Deutsch-Turkischen Denkmalschutz-Kommandos 3 . Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 37–41. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )

^ Bedal, L-A (2004). The Petra Pool-Complex: a Hellenistic Paradeisos in the Nabataean Capital . Piscataway (NJ): Gorgias Press.

^ Bedal L-A, Gleason K. L., Schryver J. G. (2007). "The Petra Garden and Pool Complex, 2003–2005". Annu Dep Antiq Jordan . 51 : 151–176. {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )

^ Bedal L-A, Schryver J. G., Gleason K. L. (2011). "The Petra Garden and Pool Complex, 2007 and 2009 field seasons". Annu Dep Antiq Jordan . 55 : 313–328. {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )

^ "The Ancient City of Petra" . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )

^ "The High Place of Sacrifice" . Tourist Jordan . 2018-01-03 . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ "Petra" . www.memphistours.com . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ "Royal Tombs, Petra. Art Destination Jordan" . universes.art . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ Parcak, Sarah; Tuttle, Christopher A. (May 2016). "Hiding in Plain Sight: The Discovery of a New Monumental Structure at Petra, Jordan, Using WorldView-1 and WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research . 375 (375): 35–51. doi : 10.5615/bullamerschoorie.375.0035 . ISSN 0003-097X . JSTOR 10.5615/bullamerschoorie.375.0035 . S2CID 163171099 .

^ "Archaeologists discover massive Petra monument that could be 2,150 years old" . The Guardian . 10 June 2016. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016 . Retrieved 10 June 2016 .

^ "Massive New Monument Found in Petra" . National Geographic . 8 June 2016. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016 . Retrieved 10 June 2016 .

^ "Why Were the Ancient Israelites and Edomites Enemies - DailyHistory.org" . dailyhistory.org . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ "Petra | Bible Interp" . bibleinterp.arizona.edu . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ Bienkowski, P. (1992). "The beginning of the Iron Age in Edom: A reply to Finkelstein". Levant . 24 (1): 167–169. doi : 10.1179/007589192790220919 .

^ Maalouf, Tony (2003). Arabs in the Shadow of Israel: The Unfolding of God's Prophetic Plan for Ishmael's Line . Kregel Academic. ISBN 9780825493638 . Retrieved 8 July 2016 .

^ Josephus (1930). Jewish Antiquities . doi : 10.4159/DLCL.josephus-jewish_antiquities.1930 . Archived from the original on 2018-12-26 . Retrieved 2016-08-06 – via Loeb Classical Library .

^ Hagith Sivan (2008). Palestine in Late Antiquity . Oxford University Press. p. 254.

^ J. Starcky (1965). "Nouvelle épitaphe Nabatéenne donnant le nom Sémitique de Pétra" . Revue Biblique . 72 (1): 95–97.

^ J. Starcky (1965). "Nouvelles stelles funeraires a Petra" (PDF) . Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan . 10 : 43–29 & plates.

^ Diodorus Siculus . "Section 95 (note 79)" . Account of Antigonus' expedition to Arabia . Vol. xix. Archived from the original on 2020-05-27 . Retrieved 2016-08-07 .

^ Dio Cassius, LXVII. 14, 5.

^ Alpass, Peter (2013). "Chapter 2". The Religious Life of Nabataea .

^ "Petra Jordan" . jordantourspetra.com . 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-12-08 . Retrieved 2019-11-22 .

^ Glueck, Grace (2003-10-17). "ART REVIEW; Rose-Red City Carved From the Rock" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 2006-04-18 . Retrieved 2010-05-22 .

^ Frösén, Jaakko (2012). "Petra papyri". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History . Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi : 10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah06244 . ISBN 9781444338386 .

^ Zbigniew T. Fiema, Ahmad Al-Jallad, Michael C. A. Macdonald, and Laïla Nehmé, "Provincia Arabia: Nabataea, the Emergence of Arabic as a Written Language, and Graeco-Arabica, in Greg Fisher (ed.), Arabs and Empires before Islam (Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 394.

^ "Nabataea: The Crusades" . nabataea.net . Archived from the original on 2018-05-03 . Retrieved 2018-12-25 .

^ Lawler, Andrew. "Reconstructing Petra" . Smithsonian . Archived from the original on 2018-12-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-25 .

^ Jump up to: a b Burckhardt, John Lewis (1822). Travels in Syria and the Holy Land . J. Murray.

^ "The discovery of Petra | History Today" . www.historytoday.com . Retrieved 2021-12-03 .

^ Jump up to: a b Carr, Gerald L. (1994). Frederic Edwin Church: Catalogue Raisonne of Works at Olana State Historic Site, Volume I . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 386–396. ISBN 978-0521385404 .

^ Conway, A.; Horsfield, G. (1930). "Historical and Topographical Notes on Edom: with an account of the first excavations at Petra". The Geographical Journal . 76 (5): 369–390. doi : 10.2307/1784200 . JSTOR 1784200 .

^ Forbidden Archaeology of Petra and Nazca . National Geographic. 2018. Archived from the original (documentary) on 2020-05-02 . Retrieved 2020-02-12 – via YouTube.

^ "Petra" . National Geographic . Archived from the original on 2017-08-20 . Retrieved 2017-08-20 .

^ Paradise T.R. & Angel C.C. 2015, Nabatean Architecture and the Sun, ArcUser (Winter) Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine .

^ Negev 11

^ Gibson, Dan (2017). Early Islamic Qiblas: A survey of mosques built between 1AH/622 C.E. and 263 AH/876 C.E . ISBN 978-1927581223 .

^ King, David A. The Petra Fallacy . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2019-09-15 .

^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Petra" . Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.

^ "Petra" . Sacred Sites. Archived from the original on 2010-08-21 . Retrieved 2011-12-05 .

^ "Map of the area" . go2petra.com . Archived from the original on 2018-03-13 . Retrieved 2015-06-04 .

^ "Archeological Park" . VisitPetra.jo . Archived from the original on 2018-09-02 . Retrieved 2018-12-25 .

^ "The Cultural Space of the Bedu in Petra and Wadi Rum" . UNESCO Culture Sector. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05 . Retrieved 2015-06-02 .

^ "Strategic Plan for Umm Sayhoun and surrounding areas" (PDF) . pdtra.gov.jo . Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority in Association with DesignWorkshop and JCP s.r.l . Retrieved 8 April 2017 . [ permanent dead link ]

^ Heinrichs, K.; Azzam, R. (June 2012). "Investigation of salt weathering on stone monuments by use of a modern wireless sensor network exemplified for the rock-cut monuments in Petra / Jordan – a research project". International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era . 1 (2): 191–216. doi : 10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.191 .

^ "Heritage at Risk 2004/2005: Petra" (PDF) . icomos.org . Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2016 . Retrieved 27 March 2017 .

^ "Heritage Conservation Grips Jordan's Petra Amid Booming Tourism" . Xinhua News Agency . November 3, 2007. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009.

^ "Petra National Trust-About" . petranationaltrust.org . Archived from the original on 2011-12-28 . Retrieved 2011-12-05 .

^ Comer, Douglas C.; Willems, Willem J. H. "Tourism and Archaeological Heritage Management at Petra: Driver to Development or Destruction?" (PDF) . icomos.org . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2015-09-10 .

^ Usher, Sebastian (January 16, 2018). "Jordan urged to end animal mistreatment at Petra site" . BBC News . Archived from the original on February 13, 2018 . Retrieved February 28, 2018 .

^ Rawashdeh, Saeb (5 April 2018). "Stakeholders take steps to address animal abuse in Petra" . The Jordan Times . Archived from the original on 19 April 2018 . Retrieved 19 April 2018 .

^ "PETA says 'donkeys need to be banned' after new video reveals animals being abused at Petra site in Jordan," Yahoo.com , 8 February 2020.

^ "PETA veterinary clinic in Petra is the only facility in the area providing free emergency medical care to injured and neglected donkeys, horses and other animals used to give tourist rides, 197Lines.com , 4 May 2021."

^ Petra : Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung "PETRA - Wunder in der Wüste : Auf den Spuren von J.L. Burckhardt alias Scheich Ibrahim" : Eine Ausstellung des Antikenmuseums Basel und Sammlung Ludwig in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Department of Antiquities of Jordan und dem Jordan Museum, Amman, Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, 23. Oktober 2012 bis 17. März 2013 = Batrāʼ . Meijden, Ella van der., Schmid, Stephan G., Voegelin, Andreas F., Antikenmuseum Basel., Museum Ludwig. Basel: Schwabe. 2012. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-3-7965-2849-1 . OCLC 818416033 . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: others ( link )

^ Meijden, Ella van der (2012). "Reisende und Gelehrte. Die frühe Petra-Forschung nach J. L. Burckhardt". Petra : Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung "PETRA - Wunder in der Wüste : Auf den Spuren von J.L. Burckhardt alias Scheich Ibrahim" : Eine Ausstellung des Antikenmuseums Basel und Sammlung Ludwig in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Department of Antiquities of Jordan und dem Jordan Museum, Amman, Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, 23. Oktober 2012 bis 17. März 2013 = Batrāʼ . Meijden, Ella van der., Schmid, Stephan G., Voegelin, Andreas F., Antikenmuseum Basel., Museum Ludwig. Basel: Schwabe. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-3-7965-2849-1 . OCLC 818416033 . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 .

^ Meijden, Ella van der (2012). "Reisende und Gelehrte. Die frühe Petra-Forschung nach J. L. Burckhardt". Petra : Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung "PETRA - Wunder in der Wüste : Auf den Spuren von J.L. Burckhardt alias Scheich Ibrahim" : Eine Ausstellung des Antikenmuseums Basel und Sammlung Ludwig in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Department of Antiquities of Jordan und dem Jordan Museum, Amman, Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, 23. Oktober 2012 bis 17. März 2013 = Batrāʼ . Meijden, Ella van der., Schmid, Stephan G., Voegelin, Andreas F., Antikenmuseum Basel., Museum Ludwig. Basel: Schwabe. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-7965-2849-1 . OCLC 818416033 . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 .

^ "Visit Petra" . 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020.

^ "Culture in Crisis: Flows of Peoples, Artifacts and Ideas, ICHAJ 14" (PDF) . CAMNES- Center for Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies . 8 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2020.

^ Jump up to: a b Wedekind, Wanja (2005). "Preventive Conservation for the Protection of the sandstone Facades in Petra/Jordan". Bulletin -- Journal of Conservation-Restoration . 16 (1 (60)): 48–53.

^ Jump up to: a b Kühlenthal, Michael. (2000). Petra : die Restaurierung der Grabfassaden = The restoration of the rockcut tomb facades . Fischer, Helge., Germany. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung. München: Bayerischen Landesamt für Denkmalpflege. ISBN 3-87490-707-4 . OCLC 44937402 . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 .

^ Bala‟awi, Fadi; Waheeb, Mohammed; Alshawabkeh, Yahya; Alawneh, Firas. "Conservation work at Petra: What had been done and what is needed" (PDF) . Queen Rania's Institute of Tourism and Heritage Hashemite University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2013 . Retrieved 8 December 2020 .

^ Zayadine, F., 1981, Recent Excavation & Restoration of the department of Antiquties (1979- 1980), ADAJ (Annual of the Department of Antiquities, Amman- Jordan), Vol. 24. pp: 341-355

^ Zayadine, F. (1986). "Recent Excavation & Restoration at Qasr El Bint of Petra". ADAJ (Annual of the Department of Antiquities, Amman- Jordan) . 29 : 239–249.

^ Joukowsky, M. (1999). "The Brown University 1998 Excavations at The Petra Great Temple". ADAJ (Annual of the Department of Antiquities, Amman- Jordan) . 43 : 195–222.

^ "Petra National Trust" . 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021 . Retrieved 11 December 2020 .

^ W. Wedekind, H. Fischer: Salt weathering and the evaluation of desalination and restoration in Petra/Jordan. In: Laue, S. (Hrsg.) SWBSS 2017 4th International Conference on Salt Weathering of Buildings and Stone Sculptures, 20–22 September 2017 – Potsdam, Potsdam 2017, pp: 190–299.

^ "CICS – Petra Painting Conservation Project – Workshop 2019 – TH Köln" . www.th-koeln.de . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 .

^ "DFG – GEPRIS – Characterisation and Conservation of Paintings on Walls and Sculpture from Nabataean Petra" . gepris.dfg.de . Archived from the original on 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2020-12-08 .

^ Balliett, Blue (2004). Chasing Vermeer: Afterwords by Leslie Budnick: Author Q&A . Scholastic. ISBN 978-0-439-37294-7 .

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^ Ward, Joan (2014). Living With Arabs: Nine Years with the Petra Bedouin . UM Peter Publishing. ISBN 978-1502564917 .

^ "John Yarbrough's Petra on Youtube" . YouTube . Archived from the original on 2016-11-29 . Retrieved 2015-05-05 .

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^ " "THE AMAZING RACE" CELEBRATES 400 EPISODES AND ITS 34TH RACE AROUND THE WORLD, ON THE SEASON PREM
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