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Coca cultivation in Peru reached an all-time high in , with the largest growth in crops occurring outside of traditional cultivation zones, according to a new report by the Peruvian government. Coca leaves are the base material used in cocaine production, which has reached all-time highs in Latin America. While the United States and Europe remain the biggest consumers of the drug, the boom has also resulted in the development of new markets in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Indigenous communities are largely not responsible for the expanding cultivation, according to Pedro Yaranga, a Peruvian security analyst. Rather, people dedicated to coca cultivation have entered Indigenous areas, which are attractive for their remoteness. The encroachment of coca cultivation — and the drug trafficking that accompanies it — has sparked resistance from Indigenous communities. Traffickers have responded with intimidation and violence, killing at least four community leaders between and in the Amazon region. Coca cultivation in protected areas has also expanded from hectares in to in In buffer zones designed to safeguard protected areas, hectarage increased from 12, to 14, during the same period. Many areas in these departments are very remote, making detection and interdiction by authorities difficult. Moving production closer to the borders is also more cost-efficient, allowing easier to access to Brazil and Bolivia, through which cocaine travels to consumer markets. The region accounted for While the report recorded sharp increases in coca cultivation in border departments in the last few years, Peruvian journalist Ivan Brehaut cast doubt on whether this phenomenon is new. The Peruvian government focused eradication efforts outside of traditional cultivation zones in , the report showed. The entrenchment of coca and history surrounding cultivation in the VRAEM make eradication efforts politically and economically risky. While the group is not as powerful as in the s, a string of attacks on Peruvian security forces in early confirmed that they are still present in the region, which could further complicate government efforts. Cultivation has expanded in the region, but at a slower rate than the country as a whole. This article was updated on August 7. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region. Donate today to empower research and analysis about organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the ground up. Skip to content. Border departments are attractive for multiple reasons. Stay Informed With InSight Crime Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region.

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The Amahuaca are no strangers to state abandonment. They have enjoyed few resources in their efforts to survive disease, poverty and territorial conflict, as missionaries and industries like rubber and logging pushed into their home territory. Today, as the drug trade rips through this isolated frontier, the Amahuaca — along with thousands of other remote Indigenous people — are once again in the throes of invasion. From to , the land used to farm coca climbed by 18 percent, reaching record high levels , according to recent state data. Much of that production now occurs on Indigenous territory. The town of Breu is among the areas affected. Cut off from the rest of Peru with no roads, only river transport, the ramshackle frontier town has become a transit point along the cocaine trade route. Smugglers moving product from the Upper Ucayali River to Brazil and Bolivia pass through Breu, where small quantities of raw cocaine are sold to Indigenous children who often huddle behind the local market smoking it. His appeals to regional authorities have been met with alleged death threats. As the drug trade snakes a path through Ucayali, dozens of Indigenous villagers described the increased presence of colonos, or non-Indigenous settlers, scouting the territory to expand coca cultivation along the border. The conversion of coca leaves into cocaine paste, a process that requires kerosene and other harsh chemicals, is also occurring on native land. Unlike in the VRAEM and other coca-growing hotbeds, there have been minimal eradication efforts along this remote border region, allowing criminal networks to proliferate, experts told Al Jazeera. At least two powerful Brazilian criminal organisations now operate within Peruvian territory, overseeing cocaine production and transportation, often via light aircraft. Indigenous villagers in remote communities throughout the region often report regular sightings of small aircraft flying late in the evening and low to the ground to avoid radar detection. In the secluded border village of Oori, a number of ethnic Asheninka families displaced by decades of armed conflict and drug-related violence have forged a quiet life of subsistence since the early s. But in the past three years, their sense of security has been shattered. Oori sits on the edge of the Murunahua Indigenous Reserve, a 4,sq-km 1,sq-mile protected area that is home to semi-nomadic tribes living in isolation from Peruvian society. Huertas referenced the Chitonahua people, whose clashes with loggers inside the Murunahua reserve in the s were followed by the spread of deadly respiratory diseases that wiped out nearly half of their population. While a group of Chitonahua still resides in isolation within the reserve, the majority today live as refugees along the banks of the Yurua River. Despite mounting threats to the Murunahua reserve, Chitonahua leader Jorge Sandoval dreams of one day returning to his remote home territory. But he has been warned that, after decades of contact with the outside world, his own presence could trigger conflict and the spread of disease among his vulnerable relatives still in isolation. We were all born there. My father and grandfathers are buried there. By Neil Giardino. Published On 25 Jul 25 Jul Sponsored Content.

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