Penis Length

Penis Length




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Medically reviewed by Joseph Brito III, MD — Written by Markus MacGill — Updated on January 4, 2021
Many scientific researchers have tried to answer the question that males — and females — worldwide want clear information about: What size is the average penis?
Many people experience anxiety about whether their penis is big enough and if it will satisfy a sexual partner. This can affect a person’s self-confidence and self-image. Often, however, these fears are unfounded.
A 2019 research article notes that most males believe the average length for an erect penis is around 15.2 centimeters (cm)Trusted Source or 6 inches (in). In fact, the average is much smaller.
While sizes vary widely, the average length is probably 12.9–13.97 cm (5.1–5.5 in), and most likely toward the smaller end of this scale. While results vary slightly, most studies estimate the average to be within this range.
In this article, we look at some facts from various scientific studies to try and provide a realistic answer to this question. For many, this will offer reassurance about what to expect of the average penis size.
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Image credit: Rawpixel/Getty Images
In 1996, experts carried out a study that led to a set of guidelines for when a person may need surgery for penis enlargement.
The study measured the penile dimensions of 80 males before and after drug-induced erections.
The researchers concluded that the average penis size was 8.8 cm (3.5 in)Trusted Source when flaccid and 12.9 cm (5.1 in) when erect.
The study also found that the size of a person’s erect penis did not correlate with their flaccid penis size. In other words, a penis may have different lengths when flaccid but similar lengths when erect. They also found no link between age and penis size.
The researchers concluded: “Only men with a flaccid length of less than 4 cm (1.6 in), or a stretched or erect length of less than 7.5 cm (3 in) should be considered candidates for penile lengthening.”
Some people are born with micropenis, when a penis is unusually small, usually due to hormonal or genetic factors. A micropenis fulfills the same functions as an average-sized penis, but people may feel dissatisfied with its appearance. Hormonal treatment or surgery can increase its size if a person wishes.
Sometimes, an average-sized penis may appear small due because there is additional skin around it. People may refer to this as a buried penis, and surgery can resolve it.
ExpertsTrusted Source note that these guidelines are still in use.
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Although the penis extends back behind the testes, measured lengths do not include this part.
Image credit: Graphic_BKK1979/ istock
Ongoing research continues to produce similar findings about penis size.
A 2014 review looked at measurements taken by healthcare professionals for up to 15,521 males aged 17 and over.
The average measurements were as follows:
In 2014, researchersTrusted Source published findings from a study involving over 1,600 males in the United States.
In this study, the average dimensions for an erect penis were 14.2 cm (5.6 in) in length and 12.2 cm (4.8 in) in circumference.
The participants submitted their own measurements and received condoms in exchange. However, self-reported measurements are often unreliable.
A 2019 study found that many males overestimate the size of their penis when self-reporting, especially if they have experienced sexual activity with another person.
The research surveyed 170 college-aged males attending a human sexuality course. Results showed that those with sexual experience with another person were more likely to overestimate than those with no mutual sexual experience.
The authors speculate that sexually experienced men have a “greater sense of masculinity, sexual competence, and prowess.”
In 2007, researchersTrusted Source in India produced a table listing findings on penis dimensions from various countries around the world.
Of the 16 studies cited from various countries, the earliest was carried out over a hundred years ago and published in 1899.
They all arrived at similar average penis lengths:
Click hereTrusted Source to see the table.
To measure penis length, press a ruler into the groin and measure from the base of the penis to the tip.
To measure penis girth, wrap a measuring tape around the widest part of the penis.
Some males worry about whether their penis size will live up to the desires of a partner.
However, some older research suggests that penis length is not important for many female partners.
In one study, 77% of femalesTrusted Source who completed a questionnaire said penis length was unimportant or totally unimportant, compared with 21% who declared it was important or very important. Those who said that length mattered to them also stated that girth, or width, was important.
In another survey, 45 out of 50Trusted Source sexually active undergraduate females said that penis width was more important to sexual satisfaction than penis length.
A 2015 studyTrusted Source asked 75 females to indicate their penis size preferences using 3D printed models of 33 different dimensions.
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Image Credit: Nicole Prause et al.
The models ranged from 10–21.6 cm (4–8.5 in) in length and 5–17.8 cm (2.5–7 in) in circumference.
The choices varied according to the nature of the relationship that participants were considering.
Overall, their desired size turned out to be slightly above the averages found across studies.
Health experts have also raised concerns about how anxiety around penis size affects gay males. The Gay Men’s Health Project, based in the United Kingdom, surveyed 586 males. It found that 38% of respondents said their penis size causes them anxiety.
The project urges males to seek help if they have concerns and to remember that, like people, penises come in many shapes, sizes, and skin tones.
One expertTrusted Source suggests that the porn industry may help promote a distorted image of the ideal penis, resulting in anxiety relating to concerns about penis size.
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Hormone treatment, surgery, and other techniques can increaseTrusted Source the size of a very small penis. However, these treatments carry risksTrusted Source, and most people do not have a small enough penis to warrant these options.
Doctors do not usually recommend treatment unless a penis has a flaccid length of under 4 cm (1.6 in) or a stretched or erect length of less than 7.5 cm (3 in).
Experts highlight concerns about the number of males seeking surgery to lengthen their penis. Often, these people overestimate how the size of an average penis.
In one studyTrusted Source of 67 males seeking help for a short penis, none were severely short.
According to a 2019 reportTrusted Source, motivation for seeking treatment often focuses on self-image, fears of inadequacy, a desire to impress others, and other psychosocial factors.
A 2017 reviewTrusted Source notes that many people drop the idea of penis enlargement once they understand the risks and possible treatment complications.
In 2015, researchers in Saudi Arabia published a studyTrusted Source involving 778 males aged 20–82 years attending a urological clinic.
After medically inducing an erection, the researchers took measurements, finding, on average:
The researchers also measured the participants’ body mass index (BMI), which increases with obesity. There was a weak correlation between greater BMI and shorter erect penile length when measuring from the skin over the pubic area, but not when measuring from the bone to the tip.
This suggests that the penis appears shorter when there is more fat under the skin at the visible base of the penis. Weight loss can often resolve this.
The researchers also found a small difference in size between males aged 20 years and those aged 70 years, but the difference was less than 1 cm.
Many males worry about the size of their penis, and this can affect their self-confidence and self-image.
Guidelines that most doctors follow when helping someone decide if they need treatment state that the average size for a flaccid penis is 8.8 cm (3.5 in)Trusted Source, while the average size for an erect penis is 12.9 cm (5.1 in).
In addition, research suggests that small penises are relatively rare. Anyone with concerns about their penis size should speak with a doctor or sexual health specialist, who can advise them.
Last medically reviewed on January 4, 2021
Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link primary sources — including studies, scientific references, and statistics — within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
Medically reviewed by Joseph Brito III, MD — Written by Markus MacGill — Updated on January 4, 2021
Medically reviewed by Joseph Brito III, MD
Medically reviewed by Matt Coward, MD, FACS
Medically reviewed by Matt Coward, MD, FACS
Medically reviewed by Joseph Brito III, MD
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They all arrived at similar average penis lengths:
www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/271647
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis_size
Genetics
There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox a and d) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene, located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12, may affect penis size. The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome may have a role to play. Variance in size can often be attributed to de novo mutations. Deficiency of pituitary growth hormone or gonadotropinsor mild degrees of androgen insensitivity can cause small penis size in males and can be addressed with gr…
Genetics
There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox a and d) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene, located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12, may affect penis size. The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome may have a role to play. Variance in size can often be attributed to de novo mutations. Deficiency of pituitary growth hormone or gonadotropins or mild degrees of androgen insensitivity can cause small penis size in males and can be addressed with growth hormone or testosterone treatment in early childhood.

Conditions
An adult penis with an erect length of less than 7 cm or 2.76 inches but otherwise formed normally is referred to in a medical context as having the micropenis condition. The condition affects 0.6% of men. Some of the identifiable causes are deficiency of pituitary growth hormone or gonadotropins, mild degrees of androgen insensitivity, a variety of genetic syndromes and variations in certain homeobox genes. Some types of micropenis can be addressed with growth hormone or testosterone treatment in early childhood. Operations are also available to increase penis size in cases of micropenis in adults.

Environmental influence
It has been suggested that differences in penis size between individuals are caused not only by genetics, but also by environmental factors such as culture, diet and chemical or pollution exposure. Endocrine disruption resulting from chemical exposure has been linked to genital deformation in both sexes (among many other problems). Chemicals from both synthetic (e.g., pesticides, anti-bacterial triclosan, plasticizers for plastics) and natural (e.g., chemicals found in tea tree oil and lavender oil) sources have been linked to various degrees of endocrine disruption.

Both PCBs and the plasticizer DEHP have been associated with smaller penis size. DEHP metabolites measured from the urine of pregnant women have been significantly associated with the decreased penis width, shorter anogenital distance and the incomplete descent of testicles of their newborn sons, replicating effects identified in animals. According to a 2008 study published by the US National Library of Medicine, approximately 25% of US women have phthalate levels similar to those observed in animals.

A 2007 study by the University of Ankara, Faculty of Medicine found that penile size may decrease as a result of some hormonal therapy combined with external beam radiation therapy. In addition, some estrogen-based fertility drugs like diethylstilbestrol (DES) have been linked to genital abnormalities or a smaller than normal penis (microphallus).

A 2016 Korean study found that newborn male circumcision is associated with shorter penile length.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/271647
Перевести · 07.12.2020 · They all arrived at similar average penis lengths: flaccid lengths ranged around 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) flaccid circumferences ranged around 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in) erect lengths ranged around 12–16 cm (4.7–6.3 in) erect circumference based on only one study was around 12 cm (4.7 in)
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-ideal-penis-size-in-10-countries_n_5728b233e4b096e9...
Перевести · 04.05.2016 · On average, women perceived the average male penis length to be 5.5 inches (13.8 cm) and the ideal penis size to be 6.3 inches (15.8 cm). Men, on the other hand, thought the average penis length on average is 5.6 inches (14.1 cm) and the ideal length is 6.6 inches (16.6 cm).
https://www.healthline.com/health/mens-health/average-penis-size
Перевести · 31.08.2018 · According to one study published in the British Journal of Urology International (BJUI), the average length of a flaccid penis is 3.61 inches, while the average length of an erect penis is 5.16...
Размер полового члена мужчины — характеристика мужского полового члена по длине и ширине. Правильным признаётся измерение длины полового члена — у стоящего прямо индивида наложением линейки сверху на полностью эрегированный член, ширины — в самой широкой части члена. Документально подтверждённым самым большим членом считается пенис длиной 33,5 см и 15 см в обхвате, который был описан в начале ΧΧ столетия. По данным ряда исследований, средняя длина полового члена около 12—15 см. И хотя вопрос о предпочтениях женщин является спорным, во все времена вопросу увеличения размеров полового члена уделялось особое внимание.
https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/sexual-health/penis-size
Перевести · Most men's penises are somewhere around 9cm (3.75in) long when not erect, but it's normal for them to be shorter or longer than this. Some things can make your penis temporarily smaller, such …
https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-measure-your-penis-size-906786
Перевести · 20.07.2020 · The average erect penis is a little over 5 inches (13 centimeters) long.
https://www.sizesurvey.com/result.html
Перевести · However, for men whose flaccid penis measured 80 mm (3.1″) or less, the increase was 263.2%, compared to 165.3% for those greater than this length (p<0.0001). This principle is demonstrated in Figure 8, which reveals a strong negative correlation between flaccid length …
Перевести · Average Length (SD) Average Girth (SD) Avg. Flaccid Length (SD) calcSD Global Average (BP) 13.96cm (1.71) 5.50" (0.67) 11.57cm (1.30) 4.55" (0.51) 9.00cm (1.42) 3.54" (0.56) Western Average (BP) …
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