Penetration Testing Nessus

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Nessus is one of the best Vulnerability Scanners out there and is a product that is used by many professional penetration testers and auditors. Its a product of Tenable Security and is now primarily for commercial use however you can try a trial version for a week just to try it out. If you plan on going pro at some point, and a full-featured vulnerability scanner is on your mind, then it’s probably best for you to know about Nessus. Nessus is primarily used for conducting External Vulnerability Assessments but also has other features such as Internal Vulnerability Scanning, Malware detection and other neat features during a Penetration testing project.
For a quick background on Nessus , Nessus was founded by Renuad Deraison in 1998 to provide the Internet community with a free remote security scanner. Nessus is the world’s most popular vulnerability scanning tool and also the most widely used. Moreover Nessus can also be run on multiple operating systems and can be installed on your windows machine or Kali Linux if you want.
It uses a web interface to set up, scan, and view reports. It has one of the largest vulnerability knowledge bases available; because of this KB, the tool is very popular.
For more details on the features of Nessus, you can visit: http://www.tenable.com/products/nessus-vulnerability-scanner.
Once you download the Nessus, you need to register with the Nessus official website to generate the activation key, which is required to use the Nessus tool. Click here to generate the Activation Key .
Once Nessus is installed and activated , Nessus can be accessed in the browser and normally it runs on port 8834. URL : http://localhost:8834
Once the plug-ins are downloaded, it will automatically redirect you to a login screen. Provide the username and password that you have created earlier to login.
Thats it and the most powerful Vulnerability scanner is ready to be used for Penetration testing.
Nessus will give you lot of options when it comes to running the actual vulnerability scan. Nessus comes with 4 types of basic scans (which themselves are very powerful) and also allows the user to create their own custom scans and hence gives the power to the user. With Nessus Vulnerability Scanner you can scan individual computers, ranges of IP addresses, or complete subnets. There are over 1200 vulnerability plug-ins with Nessus, which allow you to specify an individual vulnerability or a set of vulnerabilities to test for.
Here an important thing to note is that, distinguished from other tools, Nessus won’t assume that explicit services run on common ports; instead, it will try to exploit the vulnerabilities.
Foundations for discovering the vulnerabilities in the network are:
Once you have loged into the Nessus web interface, you will be able to see various options, such as:
The basic workflow of Nessus tool is to Login, Create or Configure the Policy, Run the Scan, and Analyze the Results.
Policies are the vulnerability tests that you can perform on the target machine. By default, Nessus has a few different policies for you to choose from. We will cover a few here.
This in built policy scans externally-facing hosts that provide services to the host. The External Network Scan Policy will scan all 65,535 ports of the target machine. It is also configured with plug-ins required for web application vulnerabilities tests such as XSS.
This policy is configured to scan large internal networks with many hosts, services, embedded systems like printers, etc. This policy scans only standard ports instead of scanning all 65,535 ports.
Nessus uses this policy to detect different types of vulnerabilities existing in web applications. It has the capability to spider the entire website to discover the content and links in the application. Once the spider process has been completed, Nessus starts to discover the vulnerabilities that exist in the application.
This policy has PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards) enabled. Nessus compares the results with the standards and produces a report for the scan. The scan doesn’t guarantee a secure infrastructure. Industries or organizations preparing for PCI-DSS can use this policy to prepare their network and systems.
Apart from these pre-configured policies, you can also upload a policy by clicking on “Upload” or configure your own policy for your specific scan requirements by clicking on “New Policy.”
Once the policies have been configured as per your scan requirement, you need to configure the scan details properly. This can be done quickly under the Scans Tab:
When you go to the Scan tab, you can create a new scan by clicking “New Scan” on the top right. Then a pop-up appears where you need to enter the details, such as Scan Name, Scan Type, Scan Policy, and Target.
Once the scanning process has been completed successfully, results can be analyzed.
Nessus has become an Industry standard for Vulnerability Assessments for large organizations over the years. It is important for an information security researcher to understand Nessus in detail to get the most out of it.
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Ron Gula |
February 23, 2012 | 6 Min Read
Cross referencing the results of your vulnerability scans with the list of public exploits helps identify likely targets for authorized penetration testing teams. Removing these vulnerabilities significantly raises the value of a penetration test since the team will have to work much harder to find issues that aren’t found through automation. There are many subtle issues to consider when correlating available exploits with vulnerabilities. In this blog entry, we’ll highlight these issues by considering exploit correlation with attacks available from the Metasploit project, Core, and Immunity with the results of a very large Nessus scan of several thousand web servers.
In the screenshot below, we’ve loaded the results of a Nessus scan of several thousand Internet-facing web servers into Nessus 5. We can see right away that there are six unique types of vulnerabilities that are “critical.” These are typically vulnerabilities with a CVSS score of 10. There are also ten instances of these six “critical” types of vulnerabilities. This is a very small percentage of the total population of scanned web servers.
When viewing the “high” vulnerabilities, it can be seen that there are many issues occurring on hundreds and thousands of the scanned systems.
If we add a filter to only show those vulnerabilities which can be exploited with an exploit from the CANAVAS framework, we see that it identifies two unique high and one medium severity vulnerabilities.
The type of issues that can be exploited by Core IMPACT can be seen in the following screen shot. In this case, CORE had an exploit available for one of the critical vulnerabilities identified by the original Nessus scan. A total of four unique vulnerabilities were identified as exploitable.
Finally, when using the list of exploits available with the Metasploit framework, a total of four unique vulnerabilities were identified as exploitable.
If you are using penetration testing to add value to your security audits, consider the following questions:
Were there any Critical or High vulnerabilities for which we didn’t have any exploits?
For Critical issues, Nessus plugin 45004 (Apache 2.2 < 2.2.15 Multiple Vulnerabilities) fired for three web sites and was correctly correlated by Core IMPACT and Metasploit, but there were five other critical vulnerabilities identified that were left untouched by the penetration tools. The bulk of these were critical remote security issues in HP’s System Management and Adobe’s Flash Media server web interfaces.
For the High issues, both Core IMPACT and Metasploit had exploits for Nessus plugin 50069 (Apache 2.0 < 2.0.64 Multiple Vulnerabilities), and these were on more than 5,000 systems. Neither had an exploit for Nessus plugin 32655 (Apache < 2.0.59 mod_rewrite LDAP Protocol URL Handling Overflow).
However, aside from these Apache issues, the bulk of the high severity issues identified by Nessus are spread across PHP versioning issues and web application vulnerabilities for which there aren’t identifying items, such as, CVE numbers on which to correlate. This shows how in some cases, it may be very easy to point out the presence of a vulnerability with a scanner, yet be very difficult to exploit with a penetration testing framework.
Were there any vulnerabilities the exploit tools agreed on?
If you have access to multiple penetration testing tools, knowing what sort of exploits are readily compromised by a majority of attackers can help you prioritize what to fix. Within Nessus 5, the filtering can be used to select any vulnerability for which all of the penetration testing frameworks have documented exploits. The following is an example screen shot:
In this case, Nessus plugin 39806 (FCKeditor ‘CurrentFolder’ Arbitrary File Upload) identified something that was exploitable by all three exploit frameworks. This was a high-severity vulnerability, but given our list of thousands of audited web sites, wasn’t even shown on our initial summary screen shot. Without the ability to correlate a known exploit with this vulnerability, it may not have been given much attention.
Although not shown in this example, both Core IMPACT and Metasploit shared detection of the vulnerability identified by Nessus plugin 31654 (Apache < 1.3.37 mod_rewrite LDAP Protocol URL Handling Overflow). This is another example of how this type of correlation can elevate vulnerabilities that are “lower on the list” of priority when ranked purely by severity and then by prevalence.
Nessus performs exploit correlation with a variety of frameworks. Correlating the vulnerabilities found with the known exploits for those vulnerabilities can help you prioritize risk and determine what to fix first. And by doing so, any type of penetration test exercise will have to work on exploits or issues that have not been discovered through automation.
There are some other very subtle conclusions that you could draw from this analysis.
Organizations can perform this sort of analysis in real time, across multiple organizations, and with multiple users by using Tenable’s Unified Security Monitoring solution, which includes Nessus, the Passive Vulnerability Scanner (PVS), and SecurityCenter. This solution allows flexible vulnerability scanning, continuous network traffic monitoring to identify vulnerabilities, and enterprise-grade reporting, alerting, dashboards, and ticketing.
For example, the screen shot below was created with SecurityCenter and PVS watching network traffic on a network of 1,000 desktops, workstations, and servers. It has a real-time dashboard, which dynamically identifies vulnerabilities exploitable by CORE's product line and by the Metasploit project for the past fifty days.
This type of trending can provide great insight as to how likely a penetration testing team will be able to compromise and target your network.
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