Penetration 7

Penetration 7

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Web applications are a great improvement on static websites but they are just as susceptible to attacks. The article discusses the different phases of penetration testing which, put together, help businesses identify and fix security loopholes.
Traditional static websites seem more like brochures when compared to interactive web applications. If you have used Netflix to binge on some web series or collaborated with your team on Trello, you know what a web application looks like and what a business can achieve with it. An application that uses the web to perform tasks and communicate – is as neat as it gets but only as long as it is secure.
21 websites get hacked globally every minute according to Techjury. Since web apps are essentially websites, they are just as susceptible to cyber-attacks and hacks. These attacks happen due to security loopholes in a website. Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) is your best bet when it comes to patching up the security loopholes and protecting your application.
In this article, we will talk about Pentesting and Penetration Testing phases at length to help you form a thorough understanding of the methodology that goes into a VAPT operation.
Penetration testing also known as pentesting is the process of identifying security loopholes in a website, application, or network, by simulating a controlled cyber attack. The process is generally divided into seven penetration testing phases. We will talk about those at length a little later.
During pentesting, you appoint a team of security engineers to try and run an ethical hack of your application to find out where the vulnerabilities lie, and how much risk those vulnerabilities pose to you and your customers. You can do it yourself too. It is somewhat like locking your house and then inviting someone to try and break in to find out the weak spots.
Pentests are usually categorized as White Box Pentest, Black Box Pentest, and Grey Box Pentest, depending upon the amount of information made accessible to the pentesters.
The penetration testing phases that we will discuss here are relevant for all of these approaches.
When you opt for an external pentesting solution or service provider , the entire pentesting process requires collaboration between your organization and the external security testing team. The terms of this collaboration are agreed upon in a pre-engagement phase. Let us see what it covers.
This is the stage where the logistics and the rules of engagement of the test are discussed.
The VAPT providers and the target organization can discuss the legal implications of the exercise. The objective of the test is determined and the goals of the pentest are aligned with the specific requirements of a business. You may want to keep certain areas off-limits for the pentesting team, this is the phase to clarify all of that.
This is also the time when the scope of the penetration test is defined.
Determining the scope of the penetration test ensures that both the target and the tester know what to expect from the test. There are certain assets that the pentesters are allowed to test, those are within the scope of the pentest, and others are not. Similarly, the target organization’s security posture is tested for a predetermined set of vulnerabilities, anything out of that set is out of scope for the pentest. The scope of the pentest greatly influences all the subsequent penetration testing phases.
In order to simulate a cyber attack on an application or a network, the pentester needs access to information about the target. They gather this information in the reconnaissance stage.
Whether a hacker wants to target an entire network or a single web application, they need to know as much as they can. That is exactly how a pentester approaches the target. The scoping done in the previous phase helps the pentester narrow down the recon to increase efficiency.
There are two kinds of reconnaissance
The pentesters engage directly with the target system to gather information. While this is a more accurate approach to reconnaissance, it makes more noise since the intruder interacts with the system.
In this mode, the intruder does not interact with the target system and applies different passive strategies instead to gather information. They can try to eavesdrop on network traffic, trace OS footprinting or internet footprinting.
When it comes to attacking a web application, mapping is an important part of the recon operation. This step helps the attacker to look at all the pieces of the application in one place and form an understanding of how the app works. An application has many implemented functionalities and understanding them is crucial for the success of the subsequent penetration testing phases.
The discovery phase can be divided into two parts:
The first part involves gathering more information about the target network using a bunch of different techniques. Let us talk about a few of them.
The second part consists of testing the application or the operating system for known vulnerabilities. You can get an automated scan where the system is tested against a vulnerability database. Or you can go for a manual scan where security engineers manually scan the systems. The latter is more suitable for uncovering new and hidden vulnerabilities whereas the former is faster.
You will discover various threat sources during a security scan. It is important to tie each of those threat sources to a vulnerability and then prioritize it depending on the risk it poses to the system.
You need a well defined and consistent process of analyzing the vulnerabilities in terms of severity and risk. It is the job of a VAPT provider to analyse the vulnerabilities and create a clear picture for you to understand and act upon.
While it is difficult to assign an exact number to a vulnerability, a lot of VAPT companies use a semi quantitative method of rating the vulnerabilities. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a globally accepted method of producing a numerical score based on the severity of a vulnerability.
The CVSS score helps you rate a vulnerability as low, medium, or high in terms of severity. You can prioritize one vulnerability over others depending on these factors, when it comes to remediation, the last one of the Penetration testing phases.
The assessment of vulnerabilities is usually performed in line with various security and risk assessment standards such as the Risk Assessment Guide for Information Technology Systems by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ISO 27001, HIPAA, and more.
The previous phases prepare the stage for the exploitation phase. The goal here is establishing access to a system using the loopholes uncovered in the earlier phases of Penetration testing. The pentester tries to identify an entry point and then look for assets that can be accessed through that.
The pentesters have to be very careful while conducting this phase to ensure that the business functionalities are not compromised or hindered. Nevertheless, system crashes during penetration testing are very rare.
After the pentester has exploited a vulnerability and identified an entry point to the system the next job is to determine the value of that entry point. The questions they ponder upon are
The exploitation and post exploitation phases help the tester gain access, locate sensitive data, identify communication channels, etc. They can also try and exploit the connection between different systems within the network and expand the breach.
The extent to which a pentester may exploit a certain vulnerability is determined by the rules of engagement agreed upon in the pre-engagement stage.
All the previous penetration testing phases contribute to this phases where a VAPT report is created and shared with the client. In the reporting phase, the pentesters provide detailed information about the vulnerabilities such as,
The quality of a VAPT report determines how quickly and how efficiently you will reproduce and remove the vulnerabilities from your system.
The VAPT report consists of step-by-step recommendations for fixing the vulnerabilities. Your developers can follow those recommendations to close the gaps in your application security. The VAPT company you are partnering with for the security testing should help you at every step of this process.
An ideal remediation phase looks something like this:
Once the vulnerabilities are fixed, the VAPT company should offer rescans to identify any security loopholes that might have been left unattended.
The first six phases of penetration testing, that is from conducting reconnaissance to producing a VAPT report, should not take more than 10 days. The time-line may vary a little bit based on the scope of the test.
The timeline for the remediation phase depends upon how quickly your development team can work on the fixes recommended by the pentesting team. However, there is usually a stipulated time to avail the free rescans offered by a VAPT company.
After the vulnerabilities are found and fixed, the VAPT company runs rescans of your application. If no more vulnerabilities are found in the rescans, the VAPT company may offer you a successful VAPT certificate. You can use this certificate to achieve the minimum requirements of pentesting for achieving regulatory compliances such as ISO, SOC2, HIPAA, FISMA and many more.
Astra Pentest is as simple a security product as you can find and yet it offers unmatched functionality, independence, efficiency, and value.
Astra strives to make all the Penetration testing phases as smooth for the users as possible.
We have discussed seven different Penetration testing phases from gathering information to analysis and removal of vulnerabilities.
All these phases are interdependent and deserve ample attention. The important part for you is to ensure that none of the phases is jumped or ignored.
Remember, a vulnerability analysis without exhaustive reconnaissance is hardly reliable. Put your trust in the right place, choose a VAPT provider that has proven records of excellence and get ready to fix those vulnerabilities.
Web app penetration testing takes between 7-10 days. The vulnerabilities start showing up in Astra’s pen test dashboard from the 3rd day so that you can get a head start with the remediation. The timeline may vary with the pen test scope .
Web app Pentesting costs $99 to $399 per month to perform web application penetration testing depending on your choice of plan.
With 3000+ tests according to global security standards, Astra ensures that all security loopholes are identified. Astra’s Pentest dashboard offers dynamic visualization of the impact and severity of threats. It helps you prioritize the remediation. Security engineers at Astra assists you in fixing the vulnerabilities and certifies your web app. It helps you through all the Penetration testing phases.
Yes, you get 2-3 rescans depending on the plan you are on. You can use the rescans within a period of 30 days from initial scan completion even after a vulnerability is fixed.
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Penetration testing (or pen testing) is the practice of attacking your own IT systems, just as an attacker would, in order to uncover active security gaps on your network. Penetration testing is conducted in a way that allows you to safely simulate these attacks, so you can discover your organization’s actual exposures – whether within technologies, people, or processes – without taking down your network.
Test your defenses with Metasploit, the world's leading penetration testing tool.
A pen testing tool or program is a must-have in any security program, providing you with a virtual map of your exposures and where to direct your resources. Penetration testing tools allow for organizations to actually go in and test for vulnerabilities that may be impacting their security systems. These tools simulate a real-world attack enviornment, and are beneficial to ensuring your programs are as up-to-date as possible.
Understanding government compliance is the simple part; it is required for PCI compliance and HIPAA compliance . That being said, without a deep understanding of programming languages and exploit writing, it can be difficult to understand and simulate a real attack efficiently. In order to get in the attacker mindset, you have to use a penetration testing tool that automates the tactics that normally take days or weeks, so you can simulate them in the precious few hours and minutes you have.
There is no “one-size-fits-all” model of when a penetration test should be performed by a company. The frequency of how often an organization should run these tests is determined by a number of components including, but not limited to, company size, revenue, assets, and various other identifying factors. Larger companies with more online assets will most-likely need to test their systems to protect against malicious attackers, so additional recurring penetration tests would be necessary for optimal protection. Industry regulations can also factor into penetration testing requirements to ensure sensitive company and customer data is secure.
Regardless of company size and statistics, the digital landscape is constantly changing and attackers will try to take advantage of new avenues whenever possible. Whenever software updates are rolled out, they need to be meticulously tested and patched to guarantee that there are no vulnerabilities that could negatively impact the company.
With Metasploit Pro , you can utilize the most widely used penetration testing software in the world without having to learn coding or command line. For power framework users and general security professionals, Metasploit Pro shaves days off of your penetration test by automating exploitation, evidence collection, and reporting . Metasploit Pro also makes it easy to conduct client side attacks, with advanced bruteforcing techniques and phishing attacks. Combined with the ability to stealthily conceal your exploits and pivot around a network, Metasploit Pro makes it easy to simulate a real attack on your or your customer’s network, and continuously assess your defenses.
Metasploit Framework - our free-to-use software platform - enables businesses and individuals to get a glimpse of the potential carried by the Metasploit Project as a whole. The product is open-source and accepts contributions from community members which allows for the latest penetration testing tools to be utilized. This, paired with, our consistent developer support, has cemented Metasploit Framework the de-facto standard for penetration testers of all experience levels.
You can engage Rapid7’s penetration testing services to assess your network, application, wireless, and social engineering security. Our team of industry-renowned experts use a deep knowledge of the attacker mindset to fully demonstrate the security level of your organization's key systems and infrastructure.
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